This document summarizes portal hypertension, including its causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Portal hypertension is defined as increased pressure in the portal vein greater than 10 mmHg. It can be caused by conditions that obstruct portal blood flow within or outside the liver. Increased pressure leads to formation of collateral veins and complications like variceal bleeding, splenomegaly, and ascites. Diagnosis involves identifying the underlying liver disease and assessing its severity. Treatment aims to prevent variceal bleeding through medication, band ligation, shunt procedures, or TIPS.