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Benign Tumors of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
Introduction Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors Pathogenesis  Specific Type Functional  Follicular Cysts Lutein Cysts Theca-lutein cysts Inflammatory   Oophoritis Salpingo-oophoritis Metaplastic  Endometriosis Neoplastic  Epithelial Sex Cord-Stromal Germ-Cell
Functional Ovarian Tumors high gonadotropin   Theca-lutein cysts (ovulation induction) (hydatidiform mole) (invasive mole) (choriocarcinoma) Pathogenesis ovarian follicle  follicular cyst corpus luteum  lutein cyst
Functional Ovarian Tumors lutein cyst:  Clinical Features asymptomatic, unilocular,  < 6 cm in diameter, regress ovarian follicle cyst: more firm / solid,delay period undergo torsion: pain, tenderness and rebound ten-derness, moderate leukocytosis. rupture: pain, tenderness,  hemoperitoneum. Theca-lutein cyst: high gonadotropin level, bilateral (10-15 cm) ,  regress
Functional Ovarian Tumors Diagnosis Presumptive Diagnosis:   4 to 8 cm cystic adnexal mass is noted  on bimanual examination mobile, unilateral,  no ascites, < 8 cm Confirmed Diagnosis:   regresses  ovarian follicle cyst:  in the middle of the menstruation lutein cyst:  before the upcoming period Ultrasound Study: confirm the cystic nature of the mass,  cannot excludes neoplastic tumor delayed menses / abnormal uterine bleeding / abdominal pain  differentiate with ectopic pregnancy, salpingo-oophoritis, or torsion of a neoplastic cyst.
Functional Ovarian Tumors painful, multilocular /  Surgical Exploration partially solid Management child-bearing,  <6 cm  Reexamination  (oral contraceptive) 6 cm to 8 cm / fixed /  Ultrasound study  feels solid  > 40 years  Observation not recommanded
Functional Ovarian Tumors Management Surgical Exploration: Laparoscopy  Laparotomy ovarian cystectomy Laparoscopic inspection may not be helpful in differentiating between a functional and a neoplastic ovarian cyst. An aspiration of a unilocular cyst and cytologic examination of the fluid may be misleading, and slow leakage of the fluid will disseminate cancer quite rapidly if the cyst is malignant.
Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms mesothelial cells   cervical epithelium endometrium ciliated endosalpinx serous mucinous endometrioid
Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Histologic Features: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Sex Cord-Stromal Ovarian Neoplasms    fibromas    granulosa-theca cell tumors    Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors    gynandroblastomas
Sex Cord-Stromal Ovarian Neoplasms Granulosatheca Cell Neoplasms :  any age group  feminizing effects Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors :  virilizing effects Ovarian  Fibroma :  Meigs’ syndrome
Germ-Cell Tumors Benign Cystic Teratoma 15-20%  bilateral all adult tissues primarily of skin and the dermal appendages sweat and sebaceous glands hair follicles  Other tissue components: mature brain,  bronchus, thyroid,  cartilage, bone.
 
Diagnosis of Benign Ovarian Tumors Clinical Features:  nonspecific   Symptoms most benign ovarian neoplasms are  asymptomatic   Torsion: pain, nausea,  vomiting   Rupture:
Diagnosis of Benign Ovarian Tumors Bimanual pelvic examination:  adnexal mass Signs and Investigations Abdominal examination:  lower abdominal mass peritoneal irritation  Pelvic Ultra-Sonography: exclude malignancy  Serum CA 125:
Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Confirmed Diagnosis of an Ovarian Neoplasm Definitive Treatment : by surgical exploration and microscopic examination   the type of neoplasm   the patient's age   her desire for future child bearing
Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Epithelial ovarian neoplasms: Epithelial ovarian neoplasms young and nulliparous, unilocular, no excrescences  unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy carefully inspect the contralateral ovarian cystectomy
Management of Ovarian Neoplasms child-bearing women:   salpingo-oophorectomy   Stromal-Cell Neoplasms postmenopausal women:   hysterectomy & bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Germ-Cell Tumors ovarian cystectomy unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy carefully inspect the contralateral Cystic teratomas
Benign Tumors of the Fallopian Tubes Benign Tumors of the Fallopian Tubes: inflammatory (hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx) benign neoplasms of the oviducts difficult to differentiate on examination definitive treatment: salpingectomy represents
 
 
Parovarian Neoplasms Parovarian neoplasms generally small located within the broad ligament derived from paramesonephric structures resect the cystic mass
 
 
 

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Benign Tumors

  • 1. Benign Tumors of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
  • 2. Introduction Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors Pathogenesis Specific Type Functional Follicular Cysts Lutein Cysts Theca-lutein cysts Inflammatory Oophoritis Salpingo-oophoritis Metaplastic Endometriosis Neoplastic Epithelial Sex Cord-Stromal Germ-Cell
  • 3. Functional Ovarian Tumors high gonadotropin Theca-lutein cysts (ovulation induction) (hydatidiform mole) (invasive mole) (choriocarcinoma) Pathogenesis ovarian follicle follicular cyst corpus luteum lutein cyst
  • 4. Functional Ovarian Tumors lutein cyst: Clinical Features asymptomatic, unilocular, < 6 cm in diameter, regress ovarian follicle cyst: more firm / solid,delay period undergo torsion: pain, tenderness and rebound ten-derness, moderate leukocytosis. rupture: pain, tenderness, hemoperitoneum. Theca-lutein cyst: high gonadotropin level, bilateral (10-15 cm) , regress
  • 5. Functional Ovarian Tumors Diagnosis Presumptive Diagnosis: 4 to 8 cm cystic adnexal mass is noted on bimanual examination mobile, unilateral, no ascites, < 8 cm Confirmed Diagnosis: regresses ovarian follicle cyst: in the middle of the menstruation lutein cyst: before the upcoming period Ultrasound Study: confirm the cystic nature of the mass, cannot excludes neoplastic tumor delayed menses / abnormal uterine bleeding / abdominal pain differentiate with ectopic pregnancy, salpingo-oophoritis, or torsion of a neoplastic cyst.
  • 6. Functional Ovarian Tumors painful, multilocular / Surgical Exploration partially solid Management child-bearing, <6 cm Reexamination (oral contraceptive) 6 cm to 8 cm / fixed / Ultrasound study feels solid > 40 years Observation not recommanded
  • 7. Functional Ovarian Tumors Management Surgical Exploration: Laparoscopy Laparotomy ovarian cystectomy Laparoscopic inspection may not be helpful in differentiating between a functional and a neoplastic ovarian cyst. An aspiration of a unilocular cyst and cytologic examination of the fluid may be misleading, and slow leakage of the fluid will disseminate cancer quite rapidly if the cyst is malignant.
  • 8. Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms mesothelial cells cervical epithelium endometrium ciliated endosalpinx serous mucinous endometrioid
  • 9.
  • 10.  
  • 11. Sex Cord-Stromal Ovarian Neoplasms  fibromas  granulosa-theca cell tumors  Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors  gynandroblastomas
  • 12. Sex Cord-Stromal Ovarian Neoplasms Granulosatheca Cell Neoplasms : any age group feminizing effects Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors : virilizing effects Ovarian Fibroma : Meigs’ syndrome
  • 13. Germ-Cell Tumors Benign Cystic Teratoma 15-20% bilateral all adult tissues primarily of skin and the dermal appendages sweat and sebaceous glands hair follicles Other tissue components: mature brain, bronchus, thyroid, cartilage, bone.
  • 14.  
  • 15. Diagnosis of Benign Ovarian Tumors Clinical Features: nonspecific Symptoms most benign ovarian neoplasms are asymptomatic  Torsion: pain, nausea, vomiting  Rupture:
  • 16. Diagnosis of Benign Ovarian Tumors Bimanual pelvic examination: adnexal mass Signs and Investigations Abdominal examination: lower abdominal mass peritoneal irritation Pelvic Ultra-Sonography: exclude malignancy Serum CA 125:
  • 17. Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Confirmed Diagnosis of an Ovarian Neoplasm Definitive Treatment : by surgical exploration and microscopic examination  the type of neoplasm  the patient's age  her desire for future child bearing
  • 18. Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Epithelial ovarian neoplasms: Epithelial ovarian neoplasms young and nulliparous, unilocular, no excrescences unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy carefully inspect the contralateral ovarian cystectomy
  • 19. Management of Ovarian Neoplasms child-bearing women: salpingo-oophorectomy Stromal-Cell Neoplasms postmenopausal women: hysterectomy & bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
  • 20. Management of Ovarian Neoplasms Germ-Cell Tumors ovarian cystectomy unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy carefully inspect the contralateral Cystic teratomas
  • 21. Benign Tumors of the Fallopian Tubes Benign Tumors of the Fallopian Tubes: inflammatory (hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx) benign neoplasms of the oviducts difficult to differentiate on examination definitive treatment: salpingectomy represents
  • 22.  
  • 23.  
  • 24. Parovarian Neoplasms Parovarian neoplasms generally small located within the broad ligament derived from paramesonephric structures resect the cystic mass
  • 25.  
  • 26.  
  • 27.  

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Human ovary has a remarkable propensity develop a wide variety of tumors, the majority of which are benign. Indeed, most ovarian tumors are non-neoplastic.