Immune response deepa babin

IMMUNE RESPONSE DEEPA BABIN TMC KOLLAM

A tribute to A TRIBUTE TO (L-R) 2011 Nobel Prize winners for Physiology or Medicine Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann , Ralph M. Steinman

Nobel Prize winners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Immune response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Immune Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Adaptive Immune Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Humoral Immunity - Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Humoral Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Antigen Capture & Processing ,[object Object],The immune response begins when a white blood cell called a macrophage encounters a virus and consumes it. Meanwhile, other viruses look for nearby cells to infect.

Next, the macrophage digests the virus and displays pieces of the virus called antigens on its surface. Nearby cells have now become infected by the attacking viruses.

2. Antigen Presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Capture, Processing and Presentation of Antigen by an Antigen presenting cell (APC)

This union stimulates the production of chemical substances -- such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the macrophage, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-y) by the T cell – that allow intercellular communication

3. Helper T cell Activation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

KILLER CELLS The killer T cells now begin shooting holes in host cells that have been infected by viruses.

B Cells The antibodies released by the B cells bind to antigens on the surfaces of free-floating viruses. Besides making it easier for macrophages to destroy viruses, this binding signals blood components called complement to puncture holes in the viruses.

Finally, as the infection is brought under control, the activated T and B cells are turned off by suppressor T cells. However, a few "memory cells" remain behind to respond quickly if the same virus attacks again .

4. B cell activation & differentiation

5. Ab production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Primary & Secondary Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phases ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Mediated Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Applications of CMI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Applications of CMI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cells involved in CMI ,[object Object],[object Object]

Scheme of Immune response against T cell dependent Ags http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=4kNsYa20EJU&eurl=http://rufusrajadurai.wetpaint.com/page/3D+Medical+Animations?t=anon

Factors influencing Ab production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Genetic Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Nutritional Status ,[object Object],[object Object]

4. Site & Route of Administration of Ag ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Size & Number of Doses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Ags ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Adjuvants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Adjuvants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Immunosuppressive Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SUPERANTIGENS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monoclonal Ab ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ADCC: Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TRANSFER FACTOR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Theories of Immune Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CYTOKINES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Features of Cytokines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cytokines: Source & Function Cytokines Source : Immune cells Effects of Cytokines IL-1 Monocytes, macrophages Activation of T & B cells IL-2 T cells Proliferation and/or activation of T & B cells IL-4 T & B cells, mast cells, Activation of B cells, differentiation of Th2 cells IL-6 T cells, macrophages Differentiation of T & B cells IL-10 T & B cells, macrophages Suppression of macrophages, activation of B cells IL-12 B cells, macrophages Differentiation of Th1 cells IFN  Leucocytes Antiviral activity IFN  Fibroblasts IFN  T cells

Immune response deepa babin

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Immune response deepa babin