memory

1. Kursk state medical
university
• Name:Dalhatu
Saidu
• Group:31
• Year:2nd year 4th
semester
Department:physiology

2. Physiology of
memory

3. What is memory
• memory is the property of organism which
ensures impression of connections between the
environmental events and accumulation of living
experience . Brain areas involved in
the neuroanatomy of memory such as
the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or
the mammillary bodies are thought to be
involved in specific types of memory. For
example, the hippocampus is believed to be
involved in spatial learning and declarative
learning, while the amygdala is thought to be
involved inemotional memory

4. The Memory Process
Three step process….
1. Encoding: The
processing of
information into the
memory system.
2. Storage: The retention
of encoded material
over time.
3. Retrieval: The process
of getting the
information out of
memory storage.

6. Explicit Memories: itis associated with
consciousness it is dependent for its relation on the hippocampus and
other part of the brain and divided into
:
• Episodic
Memories:based
on memory of events
• Semantic
Memories:memory
related to words,
rules and knowledge

7. Implicit Memories:consist of memories
necessary to perform tasks or skills habits ,conditioned reflesxes
• Procedural Memories
• Conditioned Memories

8. Classification of memory
Memory.
Short term memory :it is a memory displayed by the circulation of
along neuronal chain it last for maximum 7hrs
Intermediate memory:it is a memory btw short term and
long term memory it lasts for several months
Long term memory: it is based of complex processes
associated with the activity of protein molecule synthesis
in the brain cells it may last for several years

9. Short Term Memory
• The stuff we
encode from the
sensory goes to
STM.
• Events are encoded
visually, acoustically
or semantically.
• Holds about 7 (plus
or minus 2) items
for about 20
seconds.
• We recall digits
better than letters.
Short Term Memory Activity

10. Long Term Memory
• Unlimited
storehouse of
information.
• Explicit
(declarative)
memories
• Implicit (non-
declarative)
memories

11. Other forms of short term
memory
• Sensory memory :its a memory lasting for few seconds act
as buffers for stimuli received through senses and are sub
classified into :
_̲iconic –for visual stimuli .
_haptic –for touch sensation .
_echoic-for auditory sensation.
.working memory:short term memory is now known as
working memory keeps information available for very short
period (individual plans, action is based on it

12. There four different types of
remembering:
• Recall: the active and unaided remembering of
something from the past
• Recognition: the ability to recognize previously
encountered information as familiar
• Relearning: the ability to learn one familiar material
more easily than unfamiliar material
• Recollecting:the reconstruction of events or facts on
the basis of partial clues

13. Consolidation of memory
• For short term memory to be converted into long term
memory that can recalled weeks,years later, it must
become ‘cosolidated’that is, the short term memory if
activated repeatedly will initiate chemical,physical ,and
anatomical changes in the synapses that are responsible
for the long time type of memory.this process requires 5
to 10 munities for minimal consolidation and 1 hour for
or more for strong consolidation. For instance if a strong
sensory impression is made on the brain but is then
followed within a minute or so by an electrically induced
brain convulsion the sensory experience will not be
remembered

15. •Thank you