ISYU TUNGKOL SA SEKSWLADIDA (ISSUE ABOUT SEXUALITY
The cultural imprint on reconstruction
1. The Cultural Imprint on
Reconstruction After Disaster
David Alexander
University College London
2. Proposition 1: Human culture offers
opportunities and constraints to disaster
risk reduction (DRR). Working with it,
much can be achieved; working against
it, even valid projects will fail because
they are not culturally compatible.
Proposition 2: Culture can be changed
to make it more amenable to DRR – but
only very slowly and with much effort.
3. Sardinia, 17 Nov. 2013 - 16 dead in floods
Although Italy has a disaster response
capability of unparalleled excellence,
its political, administrative, religious and
social cultures are currently not amenable
to planned disaster risk reduction.
6. Emergency not decoded
Images
of reality
Ignorance
Cultural
Perceptual
Symbolic
constructions
filter
filter
Diffusion of information
Enlightenment
Emergency decoded
7. Long term
Emic components
Etic components
Ideological
(non-scientific)
interpretations
of disaster
Short term
METAMORPHOSIS
OF CULTURE
Learned
(scientific)
interpretations
of disaster
Experiences of culture
[mass-media and consumer culture]
Accumulated cultural traits and beliefs
Inherited cultural background
16. The recovery triangle
Reducing posttraumatic stress
Re-establishing
production and
economic activities
Recovery
after disaster
Political,
cultural and
environmental
context.
Physical recovery
Buildings, infrastructure, transport, agriculture, etc.
17. Disaster as opportunity
• revitalisation of city centres
• contraction of city spaces
• improvement of public transport
• making urban areas safer
• stimulating community and occupation.
18. The importance of time in reconstruction
Negative: livelihoods and homes need
rehabilitating as quickly as possible.
Positive: time gives opportunity
for consultation and allows problems
to be solved as they appear,
not at the end when all is done.
21. Causes of disaster
natural geophysical,
technological, social
RESILIENCE
Human
cultures
constraints
and
opportunities
Adaptation
to risk
IMPACTS
History
single and
cumulative
impact
of past
disasters
22. Resilience: facets...
Organisation:
• public admin.
• private sector
• civil society
Individual
Community
...and relationships
VULNERABILITY
FRAGILITY
SUSCEPTIBILITY
physical
environmental
social
economic
health-related
cultural
educational
infrastructural
institutional
RESILIENCE
COPING
23. BENIGN (healthy)
at the service of the people
IDEOLOGY
interplay
dialectic
CULTURE
MALIGN (corrupt)
at the service of vested interests
Justification
Development
[spiritual, cultural, political, economic]
25. A monument not wanted.
Kesennuma City
Cultural conflict between
the desire to commemorate
and the desire to forget.
26. Town of Gibellina,
Belice Valley, Sicily
after the 1968
earthquake (Italy)
An ambitious
"social engineering"
project to create
a sophisticated
post-modern town
out of an
agricultural
settlement.
30. The creation of a culture of civil protection
HABIT
MASS
EDUCATION
PROGRAMME
CULTURE
SOCIAL
CAPITAL
Augmentation
INSTRUMENTS OF
DISSEMINATION
• mass media
• targeted campaign
• social networks
• internet
31. "Pandora's box" model of disaster
• 'window of opportunity' for bad things
• disaster reveals socio-economic ills
• amplifies corruption and inequality
• disaster acts as a mirror of what
is generally wrong with society
• hope was at the bottom of the box.
32. THE PILLARS OF MODERN LIFE
Ideocentrism
idealism
principle
belief
faith
virtue
charity
service
defence of principles
Morality
Negative
fanaticism
ultranationalism
authoritarianism
backlash
unscrupulousness
corruption
opportunism
censure
PHILOSOPHICAL
SPIRIT
Positive
Luchrocentrism
financial repression
debt burden
consumerism
FLESH
Technocentrism
ingegnuity
pragmatism
technological progress
crass materialism
galloping consumption
pollution and waste
technological hegemony
MECHANISTIC
capital availability
wealth diffusion
financial security
33. Ideocentrism
+ ideal: effective disaster mitigation
- fanaticism: politicization of humanitariam relief
Morality
+ virtue: untiring application of mitigation measures
- corruption: failure to observe building codes
Luchrocentrism
+ financial security: monetary reserves vs. disaster
- financial repression: poverty --> vulnerability
Technocentrism
+ ingenuity: new hazard monitoring systems
- technological hegemony: unfair distribution of
mitigation benefits
...culturally conditioned.