This document discusses how research libraries are adapting to the digital era. It notes that libraries have changed more in the last decade than the last century as they shift resources from print to digital. Libraries are expected to support teaching, research, and scholarly communication. The document recommends that natural history institutions go fully digital with their publications for increased visibility, accessibility, and cost savings. It encourages the use of open access models and infrastructure like the Directory of Open Access Journals to make publications more discoverable.
Acquisition policy and business models of research libraries in a digital era by lars björnshauge
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Acquisition policies and business models of
research libraries in a digital era
Scientific Publishing in Natural History Institutions -3rd
meeting
Exchanging know-how, dissemination and access to taxonomic
journals - Copenhagen - 7-8 October, 2010
Lars Björnshauge,
SPARC Europe
Director of Libraries
Lund University, Sweden
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LUND UNIVERSITY
One of Europe’s Leading Universities
• Founded in 1666
• 46 000 students
• 2 800 doctoral students
• 6 000 employees
• 562 professors (18 % women)
• Eight faculties
• Several campuses
• EUR 620 million turnover
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LUND UNIVERSITY
One University – multiple campuses
Campuses outside Lund:
Malmö
Malmö Academy of Music
Malmö Art Academy
Malmö Theatre Academy
Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
Helsingborg
Campus Helsingborg
Ljungbyhed
School of Aviation
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LUND UNIVERSITY
First- and second-cycle education I
Students
Individuals 46 000
Full-time equivalents 27 800
(of which 23 % in the second cycle)
Degrees awarded 4 700
(of which 62 % in the second cycle)
Education
Study programmes 274
(of which 55 % in the second cycle)
Free-standing courses 2 000
(of which 42 % in the second cycle)
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Research Libraries in the digital era!
• During the last decade libraries have changed
more that in the last century
• And it doesn´t stop here!
• Libraries are re-inventing themselves in the
digital era
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LUND UNIVERSITY
The Library is no longer an island
within the univesity
• Libraries are expected to
– be involved in development of teaching and
support to learning
– handle the institutional intellectual output
(publishing)
– engage in scholarly communication
– be involved in research evaluation support
– be efficient in their operations
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LUND UNIVERSITY
The library as a work space
• Researchers doesn´t visit the library premises
anymore
• Students use the library as a work place
• Library space is a space for self-study, group
work and learning
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Figures – Swedish University
Libraries 2002-2008
• Year 2002 2008
• Loans (books) 8246k 9073k
• InterLibraryLoans 223k 193k
• E-journal downloads 2343k 11602k
• E-book downloads 6k 4141k
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Shift from print to digital!
• Lund University 2001 2008
• Library Expenses
• Books (print) mill.Euro 0.8 0.9
• Journals (print) mill. Euro 1.9 0.7
• E-media mill. Euro 1.2 3.5
• Total Media costs mill. Euro 3.9 5.1
• E-journals 4.456 20.065
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Efficient back office processes
• Print journals and printed books
– might be cheap to purchase , but
– are expensive to handle
• Purchasing e-journals & e-books in bulk reduces
complicated selection and registration
processes.
• Sorry, but:
• Library exchange programmes does not fit!
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More content – easier access
• Publishers and aggregators offer huge
packages with e-journals and e-books
• They come into the services of libraries with
metadata and links to full-text
• Information resources that do not comply with
this tend to be forgotten - are and will be
invisible!
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Discovery and access is key
• The library catalogue is no longer the key
service/system – too complicated to use,
obsolete, does not provide access to digital
resources adequately
• Users expect the one-stop-shop to information
resources – regardless of type of media
• Link-servers and discovery tools for easy
discovery and delivery.
• Information resources must comply – or else …
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Library services and library users
• Yesterday:
– Users had to come to the library and use ”our”
systems
• Tomorrow:
– Libraries have to be where the users are and
library services have to be embedded in the
users systems, platforms, devices and
gadgets
• Or become obsolete!
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LUND UNIVERSITY
The EDIT ”collection”
• Adequate dissemination of the ”EDIT-collection”
requires that the journals, series and books are
in the ”flow”
– Have metadata, are indexed and are
incorporated in the offers from aggregators
(subscription agents, link-resolvers, discovery
services)
– If not – they will be forgotten and ignored.
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LUND UNIVERSITY
What should be done I
• Go digital! – plenty of Open Source publishing
software available
• Do a real calculation of all the costs associated
with the existing print publishing model –
including all the hidden costs –
– and if appropriate as well the costs of
handling incoming documents in library
exchange programmes!
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LUND UNIVERSITY
What should be done II
• Consider the savings
– No packaging costs, no postage, no stock
costs etc
– Consider the advantages:
• Consider the advantages:
– Your content will come into the flow side by
side with the content from the major
publishers
– Increased visibility
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LUND UNIVERSITY
What should be done III
If you cannot do it yourself:
– Go digital together! – the EDIT-collection
online!
– Don´t forget to digitize the back files!
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Go Open Access!
• Eliminate subscription management – invoicing,
claiming etc.
• Take advantage of Open Access infrastructure:
– Global dissemination of metadata – increased
visibility – more usage, more citations, more
impact
– With or without article processing fees
• Just as well prepare: Research funders &
universities are increasingly mandating Open
Access!
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Go Open Access – and do it in collaboration!
• Create the ”EDIT-open access publishing
consortium” or enter agreement with an Open
Access Publisher
– Co-Action, Igitur (Utrecht University) or …
– Use Open Journals Systems and work with a
university library
– See to that journals are compliant with best
practice for OA-journals
• OASPA
• DOAJ
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Monographs and book series as well!
• OAPEN - http://oapen.org/
• OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European
Networks) is a collaborative initiative to develop and
implement a sustainable Open Access publication
model for academic books in the Humanities and
Social Sciences. The OAPEN Library aims to improve
the visibility and usability of high quality academic
research by aggregating peer reviewed Open Access
publications from across Europe.
• Various models: e-version: Open Access – print version:
on demand etc.
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DOAJ – the basics
• A collection of open access journals that comply
to specific criteria:
• No embargo!
• Quality control measures,
– the journal must exercise peer-review or
editorial quality control
– scholarly articles as primary content
– researchers as primary target group
• Extensive usage rights
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LUND UNIVERSITY
More than a list of OA-journals
• Services provided:
– Search service on journal title level for end-users
– Creating and constantly extending an index of
metadata on OA-articles
• Federated search through a simple interface
• +450.000 articles from 2300 journals – 42% of the journals
and increasing
– Metadata harvesting:
- Heavily used by libraries, library consortia, commercial
aggregators (subscription agents& OpenUrl service
providers) and search engines
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Usage of the DOAJ services
• Direct usage from the DOAJ-site:
– Every month visits from 160+ countries
– Redirected request constantly above 1 million
– Distinct host served constantly above 100.000
– Visits from OAI-harvesters substantial
• However the indirect usage most important
– Harvesting from the DOAJ-site
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Global visibility and dissemination of records
• Integrated in OPAC´s in many, many libraries
• Several service providers are linking to DOAJ
• Integrated in the services of aggregators (Serial
Solutions, Ullrichs, EBSCO, OVID etc.)
• And OpenURL-providers (Exlibris, EBSCO etc.)
• Feedback from publishers indicates that DOAJ
is among the top 5 referral sites.
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LUND UNIVERSITY
DOAJ –services based on a managed collection unique
in its composition
• Scope/coverage – all scientific subjects
• Geographical spread – 100 countries
• Language spread – 50 languages
• Publisher spread – as of May 2009:
– 20 Publishers with 10+ Journals
– 50 Publishers with 5+ Journals
– 1800 Publishers with 1 Journal!
– 2200 Publishers in total
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Improving the quality of OA-journals
• The evaluation process in itself!
• Provision of metadata
• The SPARC-Europé certification - SPARC
Europe Seal for Open Access Journals
• Long Term Preservation of Open Access
Journals
• Additional service_
• Online guide to Open Access Publishing
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LUND UNIVERSITYLet your content become visible
Visitors at the DOAJ-site Oct. 6th
Direct usage from the DOAJ-site:
Redirected request constantly above 1 million
Distinct host served constantly above 100.000
However: indirect usage – HARVESTING METADATA - most important
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LUND UNIVERSITY
Links
• SPARC Europé - www.sparceurope.org
• Oapen - http://oapen.org/
• OnLine guide to Open Access Publishing:
– http://www.doaj.org/bpguide/
• Open Journals Systems -
http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=ojs
• OASPA - http://oaspa.org/index.php
• DOAJ – www.doaj.org
• Lars.bjornshauge@lub.lu.se