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Fall of Communism,[object Object]
  Soviet “Bloc” or “satellite” nations,[object Object]
Breshnev Doctrine,[object Object],-The USSR would intervene in any satellite nation that seemed to be moving away from communism.,[object Object],-Invasion of Czeckoslovakia in 1968.,[object Object]
Detente,[object Object],Definition: Easing of tension between the USSR and US in the 1970s,[object Object],Ended in 1979 ,[object Object],Soviet support of anti-western movements,[object Object],Neither nation willing to give up nuclear weapons.,[object Object],Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.,[object Object]
Soviet Economy Under Breshnev,[object Object],-Inefficient and troubled,[object Object],-Decline in standard of living,[object Object],-Agricultural failures,[object Object],-Inadequate transportation,[object Object],-Outdated factories,[object Object],-Heavy military spending,[object Object],-1982: Breshnev dies (need for economic reform was clear),[object Object]
The Gorbachev Revolution,[object Object],1985:Mikhail Gorbachev becomes new leader,[object Object],Renounced Brezhnev Doctrine,[object Object],Improve economy by reducing military spending,[object Object],Pulled troops out of Afghanistan,[object Object],Must make an agreement with the United States about nuclear weapons,[object Object]
Gorbachev Reform,[object Object],Glasnost: “openness”,[object Object],Ended censorship, encouraged discussion of problems,[object Object],People could speak freely and read whatever they wanted.,[object Object],Perestroika,[object Object],Restructuring of the government and economy,[object Object],Reduced size of bureaucracy,[object Object],“essence of communism”,[object Object],State still owns factories, but managers make decisions,[object Object],Land is still owned by state, but farmers can have more for personal profit,[object Object]
Relations with U.S. improved,[object Object],Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan met several times to sign several arms-reduction agreements,[object Object],Perestroika mad more consumer goods available, but there were still shortages of basic necessities,[object Object],Freedom of speech provided by glassnost increased tensions between various Soviet ethnic groups and nationalities.  Rival groups could now express opinions.,[object Object],Ethnic fighting broke out between the Muslim Soviet republic of Azerbaijan and the Christian Soviet republic of Armenia.,[object Object]
Gorbachev Loses Power,[object Object],Reform = economic chaos.  Problems are actually worse,[object Object],Without gov. help, factories closed, increasing unemployment,[object Object],Discontent spread,[object Object],Independence for many Bloc nations (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia),[object Object],Dec., 1991: Gorbachev resigns. ,[object Object],Communism dead after 74 years. ,[object Object],Communism fell, but so did Gorbachev. ,[object Object]
Fall of communism
Communist Party Voted Out,[object Object]
1991: Russia Under Yeltsin,[object Object],1991: Boris Yeltsin president of Federation of Russia (largest and most powerful of the newly independent states),[object Object],1993:Dissolves legislature,[object Object],Privatization of state-run industries and farms,[object Object],Orthodox church regained strength,[object Object],High unemployment and prices,[object Object],Led to organized crime, prostitution, and corruption,[object Object]
Problems in Russia,[object Object],1994: Revolt in Chechnya. Want to secede (rich in oil),[object Object],Many ethnic groups, but mostly Muslim,[object Object],1996: Peace treaty (International criticism and heavy casualties),[object Object],1999: Terrorist activity in Moscow by Chechen rebels,[object Object],1999:Russian troops invade again=Stalemate,[object Object],2000 and on: Vladimir Putin hard line against Chechnya.,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07zq8fiG1J0&feature=fvsr,[object Object]
Fall of communism
Vladimir Putin,[object Object],Member of Soviet secret police, reputation for ruthlessness. Not a strong supporter of Democracy. ,[object Object],Acting president in 1999 when Yeltsin resigned, elected in 2000,[object Object],Unable to stop terrorist activity by Chechen rebels,[object Object],Corruption is still a problem,[object Object]
15 Republics = The CommonwealthEstablished 1991,[object Object]
Yugoslavia,[object Object],Made up of 6 republics and many different ethnic groups (Serbs, Croats, Slovenians, Macedonians, Albanians),[object Object],Different religions: ,[object Object],Serbs: Eastern Orthodox,[object Object],Croats and Slovenians: Roman Catholic,[object Object],Bosnia and Herzogovina: Muslim,[object Object],When Communism fell: Serbia under President Slobodan Milosevic tried to dominate all of Yugoslavia.,[object Object],1991: Slovenia and Croatia declared independence,[object Object],Serbia and Croatia went to war ending in a truce mediated by the UN.,[object Object]
Former Yugoslavia,[object Object]
1992: Bosnia declares independence,[object Object],BOSNIA,[object Object],-Greatest challenge: diverse population,[object Object],-Muslims formed the largest single religious group. (did not form a majority),[object Object],-1/3rd of population identified themselves as Serbian,[object Object],-1/5 claim to be Croatian.,[object Object],-Many Bosnian Serbs wanted to remain part of Serbian-dominated Yugoslavia.,[object Object],-Receiving aid from the Yugoslavian government in Belgrade, Bosnian Serbs began a program of ethnic cleansing: a campaign of terror and murder intended to drive the Muslims out of areas Bosnian Serbs claimed.,[object Object]
Ethnic Cleansing,[object Object],Bosnia ,[object Object],U.N. stops the flow of weapons into the region. (Actually made it harder for Muslim-controlled Bosnian gov. to fight off better armed Serbs.),[object Object],UN set up protected safe havens (did not stop Serbs who continued to bomb the capital of Sarajevo as well as safe havens),[object Object],At least 30,000 Bosnian Muslims were executed, tortured, or made into refugees,[object Object],1995: NATO airstrikes against the Bosnian Serb military,[object Object],Dayton Accord,[object Object],Gave Bosnian Serbs control over certain areas while still recognizing the overall sovereignty of Bosnia’s Muslim led government.,[object Object]
1998: Kosovo,[object Object],Ethnic Albanians demanded independence for Kosovo,[object Object],The Serbian government cracked down and sent troops in. (Ethnic cleansing part 2),[object Object],1999: NATO bombed for 11 weeks:,[object Object],Serbian forces withdrew.,[object Object],Kosovo placed under UN control,[object Object],-Feb, 2008: Kosovo declared itself indepenent,[object Object], (Security council members: USA, France, and UK recognize them.  Russia and China do not.),[object Object]
The End for Milosevic,[object Object],Overthrown in 2003,[object Object],Yugoslavia becomes Serbia and Montenegro,[object Object],Montenegro seceded,[object Object],Milosevic accused and set to be tried for war crimes.  Died before sentencing. ,[object Object]

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