16. The Job of the Vice President Only Two Official Duties: Votes in the Senate to break a tie Replacing the President when unable to carry out his duties Unofficial Jobs: “Balancing the Ticket” Other Special Tasks as Needed by President Vice President Joe Biden
17. Presidential Succession 43 men have been President 9 were Vice Presidents who became President on the death or resignation of a President Constitutional Sources: Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1967)
21. Article II, Section 2, Clause 1:“The President…may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of the respective offices…”
41. White House Office Key Staff and Personal Advisers Do not need to be confirmed by Congress Chief of Staff: Manages White House White House Counsel: Legal Advice Press Secretary: Briefings for Media Rahm Emmanuel Bob Bauer The Go-To Guys Robert Gibbs
53. Limitations on Power Checks and Balances: Appointments must be confirmed by the Senate (Legislative) Recess Appointments (loophole) Veto can be overridden (Legislative) Power of the Purse (Legislative) Constitutionality of Presidential Acts (Judiciary)
54. Expansion of Power Informal Powers: Acquiring territory (Louisiana Purchase, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc.) National Crises Civil War Great Depression Mandate: strong support of the people “The Bully Pulpit”
55.
56. Constitutional Roles Head of State (ceremonial duties) Chief Executive Chief Legislator Chief Diplomat Command in Chief
74. The Civil Service System Civil servants: federal government workers Patronage: government jobs Spoils system: hiring only your supporters Pendleton Act (1883): reform of government employment Political Appointees: president chooses (≈2,200) Career civil servant: not chosen
75. The Modern Civil Service Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Independent Agency of the Executive Branch Director appointed by President Senate approves appointment Main recruiter for jobs Civil Service Exams Hatch Act (1939): fed. workers can vote, but not participate in any other political activities Federal Employees Political Activities Act (1993)
76. The Bureaucracy ≈3 million employees Only 300,000 work in Washington D.C. Bureaucrats influence national policy: Writing rules and regulations to carry out laws Helping Congress write proposed laws Settling arguments over what regulations mean Advising Congress and other decision-makers
77. Growing Influence of Bureaucrats Growth of the nation Growth of technology Economic problems Pressure of client groups International problems