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Javaeetutorial6
- 1. The Java EE 6 Tutorial Part No: 821–1841–12 March 2011
- 2. Copyright © 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Copyright and License: The Java EE 6 Tutorial This tutorial is a guide to developing applications for the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition and contains documentation ("Tutorial") and sample code. The "sample code" made available with this Tutorial is licensed separately to you by Oracle under the Berkeley license. If you download any such sample code, you agree to the terms of the Berkeley license. This Tutorial is provided to you by Oracle under the following license terms containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is protected by intellectual property laws. Oracle grants to you a limited, non-exclusive license to use this Tutorial for information purposes only, as an aid to learning about the Java EE platform. Except as expressly permitted in these license terms, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means this Tutorial. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this Tutorial is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If the Tutorial is licensed on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. This Tutorial is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications which may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this Tutorial in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use. THE TUTORIAL IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR DATA USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT OR TORT, EVEN IF ORACLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ORACLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS (U.S. $1,000). No Technical Support Oracle's technical support organization will not provide technical support, phone support, or updates to you. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. The sample code and Tutorial may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services. 110225@25097
- 3. Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................................29 Part I Introduction .........................................................................................................................................33 1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................................35 Java EE 6 Platform Highlights ............................................................................................................ 36 Java EE Application Model ................................................................................................................. 37 Distributed Multitiered Applications ............................................................................................... 37 Security .......................................................................................................................................... 39 Java EE Components ................................................................................................................... 40 Java EE Clients .............................................................................................................................. 40 Web Components ........................................................................................................................ 42 Business Components ................................................................................................................. 43 Enterprise Information System Tier .......................................................................................... 44 Java EE Containers .............................................................................................................................. 45 Container Services ....................................................................................................................... 45 Container Types ........................................................................................................................... 46 Web Services Support ......................................................................................................................... 47 XML ............................................................................................................................................... 47 SOAP Transport Protocol ........................................................................................................... 48 WSDL Standard Format .............................................................................................................. 48 Java EE Application Assembly and Deployment ............................................................................. 48 Packaging Applications ...................................................................................................................... 49 Development Roles ............................................................................................................................. 50 Java EE Product Provider ............................................................................................................ 51 Tool Provider ................................................................................................................................ 51 Application Component Provider ............................................................................................. 51 3
- 4. Contents Application Assembler ................................................................................................................ 52 Application Deployer and Administrator ................................................................................. 52 Java EE 6 APIs ...................................................................................................................................... 53 Enterprise JavaBeans Technology .............................................................................................. 56 Java Servlet Technology .............................................................................................................. 57 JavaServer Faces Technology ...................................................................................................... 57 JavaServer Pages Technology ..................................................................................................... 58 JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library ..................................................................................... 58 Java Persistence API ..................................................................................................................... 58 Java Transaction API ................................................................................................................... 59 Java API for RESTful Web Services ........................................................................................... 59 Managed Beans ............................................................................................................................ 59 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform (JSR 299) ............................. 59 Dependency Injection for Java (JSR 330) .................................................................................. 60 Bean Validation ............................................................................................................................ 60 Java Message Service API ............................................................................................................ 60 Java EE Connector Architecture ................................................................................................ 60 JavaMail API ................................................................................................................................. 61 Java Authorization Contract for Containers ............................................................................ 61 Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers ............................................. 61 Java EE 6 APIs in the Java Platform, Standard Edition 6.0 .............................................................. 62 Java Database Connectivity API ................................................................................................. 62 Java Naming and Directory Interface API ................................................................................ 62 JavaBeans Activation Framework .............................................................................................. 63 Java API for XML Processing ..................................................................................................... 63 Java Architecture for XML Binding ........................................................................................... 63 SOAP with Attachments API for Java ........................................................................................ 63 Java API for XML Web Services ................................................................................................. 64 Java Authentication and Authorization Service ....................................................................... 64 GlassFish Server Tools ........................................................................................................................ 64 2 Using the Tutorial Examples .............................................................................................................. 67 Required Software ............................................................................................................................... 67 Java Platform, Standard Edition ................................................................................................. 67 Java EE 6 Software Development Kit ......................................................................................... 68 4 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 5. Contents Java EE 6 Tutorial Component ................................................................................................... 68 NetBeans IDE ............................................................................................................................... 69 Apache Ant ................................................................................................................................... 70 Starting and Stopping the GlassFish Server ...................................................................................... 71 Starting the Administration Console ................................................................................................ 72 ▼ To Start the Administration Console in NetBeans IDE .......................................................... 72 Starting and Stopping the Java DB Server ......................................................................................... 72 ▼ To Start the Database Server Using NetBeans IDE .................................................................. 72 Building the Examples ........................................................................................................................ 73 Tutorial Example Directory Structure .............................................................................................. 73 Getting the Latest Updates to the Tutorial ....................................................................................... 74 ▼ To Update the Tutorial Through the Update Center .............................................................. 74 Debugging Java EE Applications ....................................................................................................... 74 Using the Server Log .................................................................................................................... 74 Using a Debugger ......................................................................................................................... 75 Part II The Web Tier ......................................................................................................................................... 77 3 Getting Started with Web Applications ........................................................................................... 79 Web Applications ................................................................................................................................ 79 Web Application Lifecycle ................................................................................................................. 81 Web Modules: The hello1 Example ................................................................................................. 83 Examining the hello1 Web Module ......................................................................................... 84 Packaging a Web Module ............................................................................................................ 87 Deploying a Web Module ........................................................................................................... 88 Running a Deployed Web Module ............................................................................................ 89 Listing Deployed Web Modules ................................................................................................. 89 Updating a Web Module ............................................................................................................. 90 Dynamic Reloading ..................................................................................................................... 90 Undeploying Web Modules ........................................................................................................ 91 Configuring Web Applications: The hello2 Example ................................................................... 92 Mapping URLs to Web Components ........................................................................................ 92 Examining the hello2 Web Module ......................................................................................... 92 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the hello2 Example .................................... 94 Declaring Welcome Files ............................................................................................................ 95 5
- 6. Contents Setting Context and Initialization Parameters ......................................................................... 96 Mapping Errors to Error Screens ............................................................................................... 98 Declaring Resource References .................................................................................................. 99 Further Information about Web Applications ............................................................................... 101 4 JavaServer Faces Technology ..........................................................................................................103 What Is a JavaServer Faces Application? ......................................................................................... 104 JavaServer Faces Technology Benefits ............................................................................................ 105 Creating a Simple JavaServer Faces Application ............................................................................ 106 Developing the Backing Bean ................................................................................................... 106 Creating the Web Page .............................................................................................................. 107 Mapping the FacesServlet Instance ...................................................................................... 108 The Lifecycle of the hello Application ................................................................................... 108 ▼ To Build, Package, Deploy, and Run the Application in NetBeans IDE .............................. 109 Further Information about JavaServer Faces Technology ............................................................ 110 5 Introduction to Facelets ...................................................................................................................111 What Is Facelets? ................................................................................................................................ 111 Developing a Simple Facelets Application ..................................................................................... 113 Creating a Facelets Application ................................................................................................ 113 Configuring the Application ..................................................................................................... 116 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the guessnumber Facelets Example ......... 117 Templating ......................................................................................................................................... 119 Composite Components .................................................................................................................. 121 Resources ............................................................................................................................................ 124 6 Expression Language ........................................................................................................................125 Overview of the EL ............................................................................................................................ 125 Immediate and Deferred Evaluation Syntax .................................................................................. 126 Immediate Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 127 Deferred Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 127 Value and Method Expressions ....................................................................................................... 128 Value Expressions ...................................................................................................................... 128 Method Expressions .................................................................................................................. 132 6 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 7. Contents Defining a Tag Attribute Type ......................................................................................................... 134 Literal Expressions ............................................................................................................................ 135 Operators ............................................................................................................................................ 136 Reserved Words ................................................................................................................................. 136 Examples of EL Expressions ............................................................................................................. 137 7 Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages ...................................................................... 139 Setting Up a Page ............................................................................................................................... 139 Adding Components to a Page Using HTML Tags ....................................................................... 140 Common Component Tag Attributes ..................................................................................... 143 Adding HTML Head and Body Tags ....................................................................................... 145 Adding a Form Component ..................................................................................................... 145 Using Text Components ........................................................................................................... 146 Using Command Component Tags for Performing Actions and Navigation ................... 151 Adding Graphics and Images with the h:graphicImage Tag ............................................... 153 Laying Out Components with the h:panelGrid and h:panelGroup Tags ......................... 153 Displaying Components for Selecting One Value ................................................................. 155 Displaying Components for Selecting Multiple Values ........................................................ 157 Using the f:selectItem and f:selectItems Tags .............................................................. 159 Using Data-Bound Table Components .................................................................................. 160 Displaying Error Messages with the h:message and h:messages Tags .............................. 163 Creating Bookmarkable URLs with the h:button and h:link Tags ................................... 164 Using View Parameters to Configure Bookmarkable URLs ................................................. 165 Resource Relocation Using h:output Tags ............................................................................ 166 Using Core Tags ................................................................................................................................ 168 8 Using Converters, Listeners, and Validators ................................................................................. 171 Using the Standard Converters ........................................................................................................ 171 Converting a Component’s Value ............................................................................................ 172 Using DateTimeConverter ....................................................................................................... 173 Using NumberConverter ........................................................................................................... 175 Registering Listeners on Components ............................................................................................ 176 Registering a Value-Change Listener on a Component ........................................................ 177 Registering an Action Listener on a Component ................................................................... 178 Using the Standard Validators ......................................................................................................... 178 7
- 8. Contents Validating a Component’s Value ............................................................................................. 179 Using LongRangeValidator ..................................................................................................... 180 Referencing a Backing Bean Method .............................................................................................. 180 Referencing a Method That Performs Navigation ................................................................. 181 Referencing a Method That Handles an Action Event .......................................................... 181 Referencing a Method That Performs Validation .................................................................. 181 Referencing a Method That Handles a Value-Change Event ............................................... 182 9 Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology ........................................................................... 183 Backing Beans .................................................................................................................................... 183 Creating a Backing Bean ........................................................................................................... 184 Using the EL to Reference Backing Beans ............................................................................... 185 Writing Bean Properties ................................................................................................................... 186 Writing Properties Bound to Component Values ................................................................. 187 Writing Properties Bound to Component Instances ............................................................. 192 Writing Properties Bound to Converters, Listeners, or Validators ..................................... 193 Writing Backing Bean Methods ...................................................................................................... 194 Writing a Method to Handle Navigation ................................................................................ 194 Writing a Method to Handle an Action Event ........................................................................ 196 Writing a Method to Perform Validation ............................................................................... 196 Writing a Method to Handle a Value-Change Event ............................................................. 197 Using Bean Validation ...................................................................................................................... 198 Validating Null and Empty Strings .......................................................................................... 201 10 JavaServer Faces Technology Advanced Concepts ...................................................................... 203 Overview of the JavaServer Faces Lifecycle .................................................................................... 204 The Lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces Application ............................................................................ 204 Restore View Phase .................................................................................................................... 207 Apply Request Values Phase ..................................................................................................... 207 Process Validations Phase ......................................................................................................... 208 Update Model Values Phase ..................................................................................................... 208 Invoke Application Phase ......................................................................................................... 209 Render Response Phase ............................................................................................................. 209 Partial Processing and Partial Rendering ....................................................................................... 210 The Lifecycle of a Facelets Application ........................................................................................... 210 8 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 9. Contents User Interface Component Model .................................................................................................. 211 User Interface Component Classes .......................................................................................... 211 Component Rendering Model ................................................................................................. 213 Conversion Model ..................................................................................................................... 214 Event and Listener Model ......................................................................................................... 215 Validation Model ....................................................................................................................... 216 Navigation Model ...................................................................................................................... 217 11 Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications ..................................................................................221 Using Annotations to Configure Managed Beans ......................................................................... 222 Using Managed Bean Scopes .................................................................................................... 222 Application Configuration Resource File ....................................................................................... 223 Ordering of Application Configuration Resource Files ........................................................ 224 Configuring Beans ............................................................................................................................. 226 Using the managed-bean Element ............................................................................................ 227 Initializing Properties Using the managed-property Element ............................................ 229 Initializing Maps and Lists ........................................................................................................ 234 Registering Custom Error Messages ............................................................................................... 234 Using FacesMessage to Create a Message .............................................................................. 235 Referencing Error Messages ..................................................................................................... 235 Registering Custom Localized Static Text ...................................................................................... 237 Using Default Validators .................................................................................................................. 238 Configuring Navigation Rules ......................................................................................................... 238 Implicit Navigation Rules ......................................................................................................... 241 Basic Requirements of a JavaServer Faces Application ................................................................. 241 Configuring an Application With a Web Deployment Descriptor ...................................... 242 Configuring Project Stage ......................................................................................................... 245 Including the Classes, Pages, and Other Resources ............................................................... 246 12 Using Ajax with JavaServer Faces Technology ............................................................................. 247 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 248 About Ajax .................................................................................................................................. 248 Using Ajax Functionality with JavaServer Faces Technology ...................................................... 248 Using Ajax with Facelets ................................................................................................................... 249 Using the f:ajax Tag ................................................................................................................ 249 9
- 10. Contents Sending an Ajax Request ................................................................................................................... 251 Using the event Attribute ......................................................................................................... 251 Using the execute Attribute ..................................................................................................... 252 Using the immediate Attribute ................................................................................................. 252 Using the listener Attribute ................................................................................................... 252 Monitoring Events on the Client ..................................................................................................... 253 Handling Errors ................................................................................................................................. 253 Receiving an Ajax Response ............................................................................................................. 254 Ajax Request Lifecycle ...................................................................................................................... 255 Grouping of Components ................................................................................................................ 256 Loading JavaScript as a Resource ..................................................................................................... 256 Using JavaScript API in a Facelets Application ...................................................................... 257 Using the @ResourceDependency Annotation in a Bean Class ............................................ 258 The ajaxguessnumber Example Application ................................................................................ 258 The ajaxguessnumber Source Files ......................................................................................... 258 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the ajaxguessnumber Example ............... 260 Further Information about Ajax in JavaServer Faces .................................................................... 262 13 Advanced Composite Components ................................................................................................263 Attributes of a Composite Component .......................................................................................... 263 Invoking a Managed Bean ................................................................................................................ 264 Validating Composite Component Values .................................................................................... 265 The compositecomponentlogin Example Application ................................................................ 265 The Composite Component File .............................................................................................. 265 The Using Page ........................................................................................................................... 266 The Managed Bean .................................................................................................................... 266 ▼ To Build, Package, Deploy, and Run the compositecomponentlogin Example Application Using NetBeans IDE .................................................................................................................. 267 14 Creating Custom UI Components ...................................................................................................269 Determining Whether You Need a Custom Component or Renderer ....................................... 270 When to Use a Custom Component ........................................................................................ 270 When to Use a Custom Renderer ............................................................................................. 271 Component, Renderer, and Tag Combinations ..................................................................... 272 Steps for Creating a Custom Component ....................................................................................... 273 10 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 11. Contents Creating Custom Component Classes ............................................................................................ 273 Specifying the Component Family .......................................................................................... 275 Performing Encoding ................................................................................................................ 275 Performing Decoding ................................................................................................................ 276 Enabling Component Properties to Accept Expressions ...................................................... 277 Saving and Restoring State ........................................................................................................ 278 Delegating Rendering to a Renderer ............................................................................................... 279 Creating the Renderer Class ..................................................................................................... 279 Identifying the Renderer Type ................................................................................................. 280 Handling Events for Custom Components .................................................................................... 280 Creating the Component Tag Handler ........................................................................................... 280 Retrieving the Component Type .............................................................................................. 281 Setting Component Property Values ....................................................................................... 281 Providing the Renderer Type ................................................................................................... 282 Releasing Resources ................................................................................................................... 283 Defining the Custom Component Tag in a Tag Library Descriptor ........................................... 283 Creating a Custom Converter .......................................................................................................... 284 Implementing an Event Listener ..................................................................................................... 286 Implementing Value-Change Listeners .................................................................................. 287 Implementing Action Listeners ............................................................................................... 287 Creating a Custom Validator ........................................................................................................... 288 Implementing the Validator Interface ..................................................................................... 289 Creating a Custom Tag .............................................................................................................. 292 Using Custom Objects ...................................................................................................................... 294 Using a Custom Converter ....................................................................................................... 295 Using a Custom Validator ......................................................................................................... 296 Using a Custom Component .................................................................................................... 297 Binding Component Values and Instances to External Data Sources ........................................ 298 Binding a Component Value to a Property ............................................................................. 299 Binding a Component Value to an Implicit Object ............................................................... 300 Binding a Component Instance to a Bean Property .............................................................. 301 Binding Converters, Listeners, and Validators to Backing Bean Properties .............................. 302 15 Java Servlet Technology ...................................................................................................................305 What Is a Servlet? ............................................................................................................................... 306 11
- 12. Contents Servlet Lifecycle ................................................................................................................................. 306 Handling Servlet Lifecycle Events ............................................................................................ 306 Handling Servlet Errors ............................................................................................................. 308 Sharing Information ......................................................................................................................... 308 Using Scope Objects .................................................................................................................. 308 Controlling Concurrent Access to Shared Resources ........................................................... 309 Creating and Initializing a Servlet ................................................................................................... 309 Writing Service Methods .................................................................................................................. 310 Getting Information from Requests ........................................................................................ 310 Constructing Responses ............................................................................................................ 311 Filtering Requests and Responses .................................................................................................... 312 Programming Filters .................................................................................................................. 312 Programming Customized Requests and Responses ............................................................ 314 Specifying Filter Mappings ....................................................................................................... 314 Invoking Other Web Resources ....................................................................................................... 316 Including Other Resources in the Response ........................................................................... 317 Transferring Control to Another Web Component .............................................................. 317 Accessing the Web Context .............................................................................................................. 317 Maintaining Client State ................................................................................................................... 318 Accessing a Session .................................................................................................................... 318 Associating Objects with a Session .......................................................................................... 318 Session Management ................................................................................................................. 319 Session Tracking ........................................................................................................................ 319 Finalizing a Servlet ............................................................................................................................. 320 Tracking Service Requests ........................................................................................................ 320 Notifying Methods to Shut Down ............................................................................................ 321 Creating Polite Long-Running Methods ................................................................................. 321 The mood Example Application ........................................................................................................ 322 Components of the mood Example Application ..................................................................... 322 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the mood Example ...................................... 323 Further Information about Java Servlet Technology .................................................................... 324 16 Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications .................................................................. 325 Java Platform Localization Classes .................................................................................................. 325 Providing Localized Messages and Labels ...................................................................................... 326 12 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 13. Contents Establishing the Locale .............................................................................................................. 326 Setting the Resource Bundle ..................................................................................................... 327 Retrieving Localized Messages ................................................................................................. 328 Date and Number Formatting ......................................................................................................... 329 Character Sets and Encodings .......................................................................................................... 329 Character Sets ............................................................................................................................. 329 Character Encoding ................................................................................................................... 330 Part III Web Services ......................................................................................................................................333 17 Introduction to Web Services ..........................................................................................................335 What Are Web Services? ................................................................................................................... 335 Types of Web Services ....................................................................................................................... 335 “Big” Web Services ..................................................................................................................... 336 RESTful Web Services ............................................................................................................... 336 Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use ................................................................................ 338 18 Building Web Services with JAX-WS ............................................................................................... 339 Creating a Simple Web Service and Clients with JAX-WS ........................................................... 340 Requirements of a JAX-WS Endpoint ..................................................................................... 341 Coding the Service Endpoint Implementation Class ............................................................ 342 Building, Packaging, and Deploying the Service .................................................................... 342 Testing the Methods of a Web Service Endpoint ................................................................... 343 A Simple JAX-WS Application Client ..................................................................................... 344 A Simple JAX-WS Web Client ................................................................................................. 346 Types Supported by JAX-WS ........................................................................................................... 349 Schema-to-Java Mapping .......................................................................................................... 349 Java-to-Schema Mapping .......................................................................................................... 350 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-WS .................................................................................. 351 Further Information about JAX-WS ............................................................................................... 351 19 Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS ................................................................................. 353 What Are RESTful Web Services? ................................................................................................... 353 Creating a RESTful Root Resource Class ........................................................................................ 354 13
- 14. Contents Developing RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS ................................................................... 354 Overview of a JAX-RS Application .......................................................................................... 356 The @Path Annotation and URI Path Templates ................................................................... 357 Responding to HTTP Resources .............................................................................................. 359 Using @Consumes and @Produces to Customize Requests and Responses .......................... 362 Extracting Request Parameters ................................................................................................ 364 Example Applications for JAX-RS ................................................................................................... 368 A RESTful Web Service ............................................................................................................. 368 The rsvp Example Application ................................................................................................ 370 Real-World Examples ............................................................................................................... 372 Further Information about JAX-RS ................................................................................................ 373 20 Advanced JAX-RS Features ...............................................................................................................375 Annotations for Field and Bean Properties of Resource Classes ................................................. 375 Extracting Path Parameters ...................................................................................................... 376 Extracting Query Parameters ................................................................................................... 377 Extracting Form Data ................................................................................................................ 377 Extracting the Java Type of a Request or Response ................................................................ 378 Subresources and Runtime Resource Resolution .......................................................................... 378 Subresource Methods ................................................................................................................ 379 Subresource Locators ................................................................................................................ 379 Integrating JAX-RS with EJB Technology and CDI ...................................................................... 380 Conditional HTTP Requests ............................................................................................................ 381 Runtime Content Negotiation ......................................................................................................... 382 Using JAX-RS With JAXB ................................................................................................................ 384 21 Running the Advanced JAX-RS Example Application ................................................................. 385 The customer Example Application ............................................................................................... 385 The customer Application Source Files .................................................................................. 385 The CustomerService Class ..................................................................................................... 385 The XSD Schema for the customer Application .................................................................... 387 The CustomerClient Class ....................................................................................................... 387 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the customer Example .............................. 389 14 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 15. Contents Part IV Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................................................393 22 Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................................................395 What Is an Enterprise Bean? ............................................................................................................ 395 Benefits of Enterprise Beans ..................................................................................................... 396 When to Use Enterprise Beans ................................................................................................. 396 Types of Enterprise Beans ......................................................................................................... 396 What Is a Session Bean? .................................................................................................................... 397 Types of Session Beans .............................................................................................................. 397 When to Use Session Beans ...................................................................................................... 398 What Is a Message-Driven Bean? .................................................................................................... 399 What Makes Message-Driven Beans Different from Session Beans? .................................. 399 When to Use Message-Driven Beans ....................................................................................... 400 Accessing Enterprise Beans .............................................................................................................. 401 Using Enterprise Beans in Clients ............................................................................................ 401 Deciding on Remote or Local Access ....................................................................................... 402 Local Clients ............................................................................................................................... 403 Remote Clients ........................................................................................................................... 405 Web Service Clients ................................................................................................................... 406 Method Parameters and Access ................................................................................................ 407 The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 407 Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules .................................................................. 407 Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ...................................................................... 408 Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 409 The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans .................................................................................................. 410 The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean .................................................................................. 410 The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 411 The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 411 The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 412 Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 413 23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 415 Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 415 Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 416 Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 416 15
- 16. Contents Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the converter Example ............................ 417 Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 419 ▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 419 24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 421 The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 421 The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 422 Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 422 The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 425 Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 426 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the cart Example ...................................... 426 A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 428 Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 428 The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 432 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the counter Example ................................ 434 A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 435 The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 436 Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 436 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the helloservice Example ........................ 437 Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 438 Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 439 Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 441 Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 443 Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 444 Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 444 Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 445 The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 445 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the timersession Example ...................... 447 Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 449 25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................451 simplemessage Example Application Overview ........................................................................... 451 The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 452 The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 453 The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 454 16 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 17. Contents Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Example ............................................ 455 Creating the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ................................. 455 ▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ........... 456 ▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant ............................. 457 Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 457 26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 459 Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 459 Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 459 Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 460 Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 460 Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 462 Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 462 The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 462 ▼ Running the standalone Example Application ..................................................................... 463 27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 465 Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 465 Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 466 Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 467 The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 468 Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 468 ▼ Configuring the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ............................................. 469 ▼ Running the async Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................................. 470 ▼ Running the async Example Application Using Ant ............................................................ 471 Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................473 28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................475 Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 476 About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 477 About Managed Beans ...................................................................................................................... 477 Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 478 Using Qualifiers ................................................................................................................................. 479 17
- 18. Contents Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 480 Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 480 Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 482 Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 482 Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 483 Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 483 Configuring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 484 Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 484 29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 485 The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 485 The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 486 The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 486 Configuration Files .................................................................................................................... 487 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplegreeting CDI Example ......... 488 The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 490 The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 490 The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 494 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the guessnumber CDI Example ............... 496 30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: Advanced Topics ...................499 Using Alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 499 Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 500 Using Producer Methods and Fields ............................................................................................... 501 Using Events ....................................................................................................................................... 503 Defining Events .......................................................................................................................... 503 Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 504 Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 505 Using Interceptors ............................................................................................................................. 506 Using Decorators ............................................................................................................................... 508 Using Stereotypes .............................................................................................................................. 509 31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 511 The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 512 18 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 19. Contents The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 512 The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 513 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the encoder Example ................................ 514 The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 517 Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 517 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producermethods Example ............... 518 The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 519 The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 520 The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 521 The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 522 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producerfields Example ................. 524 The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 525 The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 526 The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 526 The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 527 The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 529 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the billpayment Example ........................ 530 The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 532 Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 532 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the decorators Example .......................... 533 Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................535 32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 537 Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 537 Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 538 Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 538 Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 543 Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 545 Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 545 Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 548 Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 549 Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 549 Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 549 19
- 20. Contents Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 550 Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 550 Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 553 The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 553 Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 557 Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 558 Further Information about Persistence .......................................................................................... 559 33 Running the Persistence Examples ................................................................................................561 The order Application ...................................................................................................................... 561 Entity Relationships in the order Application ....................................................................... 562 Primary Keys in the order Application ................................................................................... 564 Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table ............................................................... 567 Cascade Operations in the order Application ....................................................................... 567 BLOB and CLOB Database Types in the order Application ................................................ 568 Temporal Types in the order Application .............................................................................. 569 Managing the order Application’s Entities ............................................................................. 569 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the order Application ............................... 571 The roster Application .................................................................................................................... 572 Relationships in the roster Application ................................................................................. 573 Entity Inheritance in the roster Application ......................................................................... 574 Criteria Queries in the roster Application ............................................................................ 575 Automatic Table Generation in the roster Application ...................................................... 577 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the roster Application ............................. 577 The address-book Application ....................................................................................................... 580 Bean Validation Constraints in address-book ...................................................................... 580 Specifying Error Messages for Constraints in address-book .............................................. 581 Validating Contact Input from a JavaServer Faces Application .......................................... 581 Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the address-book Application ................ 582 34 The Java Persistence Query Language .......................................................................................... 585 Query Language Terminology ......................................................................................................... 586 Creating Queries Using the Java Persistence Query Language .................................................... 586 Named Parameters in Queries .................................................................................................. 587 Positional Parameters in Queries ............................................................................................. 587 20 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011
- 21. Contents Simplified Query Language Syntax ................................................................................................. 588 Select Statements ........................................................................................................................ 588 Update and Delete Statements ................................................................................................. 588 Example Queries ................................................................................................................................ 589 Simple Queries ........................................................................................................................... 589 Queries That Navigate to Related Entities .............................................................................. 590 Queries with Other Conditional Expressions ........................................................................ 591 Bulk Updates and Deletes ......................................................................................................... 593 Full Query Language Syntax ............................................................................................................ 593 BNF Symbols .............................................................................................................................. 593 BNF Grammar of the Java Persistence Query Language ....................................................... 594 FROM Clause ................................................................................................................................. 598 Path Expressions ........................................................................................................................ 601 WHERE Clause ............................................................................................................................... 603 SELECT Clause ............................................................................................................................. 613 ORDER BY Clause ......................................................................................................................... 615 GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses .................................................................................................. 615 35 Using the Criteria API to Create Queries ........................................................................................ 617 Overview of the Criteria and Metamodel APIs .............................................................................. 617 Using the Metamodel API to Model Entity Classes ....................................................................... 619 Using Metamodel Classes ......................................................................................................... 620 Using the Criteria API and Metamodel API to Create Basic Typesafe Queries ......................... 620 Creating a Criteria Query .......................................................................................................... 620 Query Roots ................................................................................................................................ 621 Querying Relationships Using Joins ........................................................................................ 622 Path Navigation in Criteria Queries ........................................................................................ 623 Restricting Criteria Query Results ........................................................................................... 623 Managing Criteria Query Results ............................................................................................ 626 Executing Queries ...................................................................................................................... 627 36 Creating and Using String-Based Criteria Queries ...................................................................... 629 Overview of String-Based Criteria API Queries ............................................................................ 629 Creating String-Based Queries ................................................................................................. 629 Executing String-Based Queries .............................................................................................. 630 21
- 22. Contents 37 Controlling Concurrent Access to Entity Data with Locking ...................................................... 631 Overview of Entity Locking and Concurrency .............................................................................. 631 Using Optimistic Locking ......................................................................................................... 632 Lock Modes ........................................................................................................................................ 633 Setting the Lock Mode ............................................................................................................... 634 Using Pessimistic Locking ........................................................................................................ 634 38 Improving the Performance of Java Persistence API Applications By Setting a Second-Level Cache ................................................................................................................................................... 637 Overview of the Second-Level Cache .............................................................................................. 637 Controlling Whether Entities May Be Cached ....................................................................... 638 Specifying the Cache Mode Settings to Improve Performance .................................................... 639 Setting the Cache Retrieval and Store Modes ......................................................................... 639 Controlling the Second-Level Cache Programmatically ....................................................... 641 Part VII Security ...............................................................................................................................................643 39 Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform ......................................................................... 645 Overview of Java EE Security ........................................................................................................... 646 A Simple Security Example ....................................................................................................... 646 Features of a Security Mechanism ............................................................................................ 649 Characteristics of Application Security ................................................................................... 650 Security Mechanisms ........................................................................................................................ 651 Java SE Security Mechanisms ................................................................................................... 651 Java EE Security Mechanisms ................................................................................................... 652 Securing Containers .......................................................................................................................... 654 Using Annotations to Specify Security Information ............................................................. 654 Using Deployment Descriptors for Declarative Security ...................................................... 655 Using Programmatic Security .................................................................................................. 655 Securing the GlassFish Server .......................................................................................................... 656 Working with Realms, Users, Groups, and Roles .......................................................................... 656 What Are Realms, Users, Groups, and Roles? ........................................................................ 657 Managing Users and Groups on the GlassFish Server ........................................................... 660 Setting Up Security Roles .......................................................................................................... 662 Mapping Roles to Users and Groups ....................................................................................... 663 22 The Java EE 6 Tutorial • March 2011