Stage 5 History for the Australian Curriculum. Revision powerpoint of key terms and concepts from the unit

1. Depth Study One:
Movement of People
Key Terms and Definitions

2. capitalism
An economic system based on private
ownership and free-market entreprise.

3. segregation
Separation of people on the basis of race or
ethnicity

4. New World
The Americas, and the new colonies in
Australasia, Africa and Asia which provided raw
materials

5. girmit
An Indian indentured servant, derived from the
word ‘agreement’.

6. protection
A system to ensure that moved Aboriginal
people onto reserves to protect them from
colonists.

7. pogrom
A pogrom is a violent mob attack, often on
Jewish people, that may be government
sanctioned (approved).

8. middle passage
The travel route used to transport slaves from
Africa to the Americas and the Carribean
The demand for labor in the ‘New World’ stimulated a profitable
three-legged trading pattern
•European manufactured goods went to
Africa where they were exchanged for
slaves
•The slaves were then shipped to the
Caribbean and Americas where they were
sold for cash or sometimes bartered for
sugar or molasses
•Then the ships returned to Europe loaded
with American products

9. xenophobia
Having a hatred or fear of foreigners or foreign
cultures and customs

10. diaspora
A large group of people from the same area who
migrate at the same time e.g. slaves, convicts.

11. indentured labour
A system in which workers enter contracts to
work at reduced wages for a certain period of
time, usually far from home.

12. Chattel slavery
A system in which people and their labour
are bought and sold as property.

13. Depth Study One:
Movement of People
Summary

14. World Population, 400 BCE - 2000 CE

15. This Industrial Revolution meant
powerful economic growth in the
world as a whole.
World Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
in Dollars as valued in 1990

16. The Modern Revolution shifted the
world’s economic center.
Percentage of World GDP
Western Europe and North America vs. Asia

17. And more of the world was colonized
than ever before.

18. Movement of People Effects of The Industrial Revolution
The demand for land and labour pushed millions
of people out of Europe and pulled them
across the world – as
•
•
•
•
slaves,
indentured labourers,
assisted migrants or
free settlers.

19. Movement of People Slavery and ‘Blackbirding”
• 12 million Africans were transported to the
Americas between 1700-1850
• Slavery was abolished from the early 1800s due to
the ongoing efforts of Europeans who opposed the
system as inhumane.
• Slavery was replaced by Indentured Labour.
• In Australia 62 500 Pacific Islanders were blackbirded
between 1750 and 1900.
• Blackbirding was abolished following public pressure
in Australia

20. Movement of People –
Convict Transportation to Australia
• Transportation of convicts came about due to
overpopulation of Britain.
• Between 1788 and 1868, the British sent 162
000 convicts to Australia.
• These convicts provided the cheap labour for
the white settlement of Australia.

21. Movement of People –
Assisted Migrants and Free Settlers
• Many Europeans chose to leave homes of
poverty or persecution.
• Stories of a ‘new world’ of goldfields and
streets paved with gold.
• Irish and Italians, faced starvation and were
forced to leave.
• Scots and British lost their land.
• Jews and Protestants escaped religious
persecution.

22. Movement of People –
Impact on Indigenous Peoples
• European migration to the Americas and Australasia
led to the decimation of indigenous peoples.
• Many died in conflicts, from new diseases or suffered
discrimination.
• Often granted land that was later taken away.
• Aboriginal people declined from an estimated
4 million in 1788 to as little as 100 000 by 1900.
For a case study of the Mackay family,
read Cambridge Ch. 3, p. 112-114.

23. Industrial Revolution
• Greatly increased output of machine-made
goods that began in England in the middle
1700s
• Began in England (Mid 1700s)

24. Why England?
• England had factors of production needed in
order to industrialize, such as:
• i.
Land- very fertile from new farming methods
developed during Agricultural Revolution
– Abundance of natural resources
– Migration of people from rural to urban centers (countrycity)
• ii.
Labor- surplus of food and people
– More food + more balanced diets = more/healthier people
• iii. Capital- Overseas expansion helps generate
stronger banking and vast trading

25. Three Most Important Industries affected
by the Industrial Revolution
1. Agriculture- new farming methods
I. Enclosed farming- combines land into larger fields enclosed
by fences or hedges. This resulted in:
II. Landowners trying new agriculture methods developed
scientifically (ex. Jethro Tull Seed Drill)
III. Large landowners take over small landowners to create
super farms
IV. Crop rotation- rotation of crops annually to prevent
exhaustion of soil

26. Three Most Important Industries affected
by the Industrial Revolution (continued)
2.
Factory Production- influx of machine-made
goods produced in factories.
This brings about:
I. Higher employment levels
II. Migration of people to cities from rural areas
III. More working + more efficient production =
cheaper products
IV. James Hargreave’s Spinning Jenny allows
workers to spin 8 threads at a time instead of 1

27. Three Most Important Industries affected by the
Industrial Revolution (continued)
3. Improvements in TransportationInventions and improvements to existing
waterways/roads increased the use of
transportation
I.
Robert Fulton uses Steam Engine to build
Steamboat (faster water transportation)
II. Development of first locomotives and railroad
lines
III. Introduction or turnpikes in England

28. Result
**All these factors boosted the economy and
created more jobs, allowed for cheaper
transportation of raw materials, and produced
cheaper/more efficient products**

29. Began in
Improvements in
Industrial Revolution
Changes in
England had
These include
Such as
Result of
Result of
Result of
Resulting in
Allowing for
Which made for
Faster because of
Such as