EDUCATIONAL CD FOR ANEMIA FREE INDIA

1. MJF.LION. S.T.SRINIVASAN DIST.GOVERNOR MJF.LION. RAJAGOPAL VICE GOVERNOR BY DR.N.MOHANDAS PRESIDENT 2007-2008 THANJAVUR ANCIENT CITY LIONS CLUB ANEMIA FREE INDIA LIONS CLUBS OF INTERNATIONAL DIST.324/A2 PREPARED AND DISTRIBUTED CD TOALL

3. PREVELALENCE:- WHO STATISTICS –  WORLD WIDE ANEMIA -- 30 %  YOUNG CHILDREN -- 40 %  PREGNANT WOMEN -- 50 %  MOST AFFECTED GROUP  NON PRGNANT WOMEN -- 35 %  ADULT MALES -- 18 % IN INDIA INCIDENCE VARIES FROM 20 TO 70 % MORE AMONG FEMALES THAN MALES HIGHER AMONG INFANTS AND CHILDREN THAN ADULTS

4. ACCORDING TO THE REPORT OF THE DISTRICT LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (RELEASED BY THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE) CONDUCTED AMONG 1000 CHILDREN UP TO SIX YEARS MILD ANAEMIC --- 63 % MODERATELY ----- 33 % SEVERELY ANAEMIC ---- 0 2 %

5. DATA ON ANAEMIA LEVELS FOR MORE THAN 1000 ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGED BETWEEN 10 AND 19 YEARS SHOWS SEVERE ANAEMIA -- 14 % MODERATELY ANAEMIC -- 66 % MILDLY ANAEMIC --- 19 % AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN 95 PER CENT SUFFER FROM ANAEMIA THE PREVELANCE OF SEVERE ANAEMIA IS HIGHER IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS (14 PER CENT) THAN IN PREGNANT WOMEN (4 PER CENT).

6. Normal Blood Red cell Platelets Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Reticulocyte

8. Normoblasts Pronormoblast

9. TYPES OF ANEMIA 1. IRON DEFFIENCY ANEMIA 2. DEFECT IN RED BLOOD CELL 3. VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID DEFFIENCY

10. CAUSES OF ANEMIA 1. DEFICENCY IN THE DIET GREENS AND PROCESSED FOODS LIKE RICE FLAKES AND DATES ARE RICH SOURCE OF IRON. THE AVERAGE CEREL LEGUME BASED DIETS -- ADEQUATE IRON CONTENT(20-22mg) INADEQUATE INTAKE OF THIS FOOD LEADS TO ANEMIA. PROLONGED BREAST FEEDING WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING----- ANEMIA IN INFANT AND CHILDREN

11. 2.DECREASED ABSORPTION 1.PRLONGED DIARRHOEA 2.LACK OF ACID SECRETION IN THE STOMACH OVER USE OF ANTACIDS GASTRECTOMY—------  (OPERATION IN THE STOMACH) 3.EXCESS TEA , PHYTATES AND PHOSPHATES IN THE DIET

12. 3.INCREASED LOSS GASTRO INTESTIONAL BLEEDING LIKE BLOOD VOMITTING HOOK WORM INFESTATION ONE ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALEWORM- LOSS OF BLOOD 15ml/DAY NECATORAMERICANUS WORM—BLOOD LOSS 0.03ml/DAY. EXCESSIVE LOSS OF BLOOD DURING MENSURATION AND CHIDBIRTH– CAUSE ANEMIA BLEEDING PILES PILES HOOK WORM BLOOD VOMITTING

13. HOOK WORM LIFE CYCLE

14. 4. INCREASED REQUIREMENTS  ACCELERATED DEMAND IN INFANCY   ADOLESCENCE–FOR RAPID GROWTH  ONSET OF MENSES IN GIRLS  PRGNANCY AND LACTATION FOR BABY  LOSSES OF IRON IN EXCESSIVE SWEATING IN TROPICALCLIMATE.

15. SYMPTOMS WEAKNESS, FATIGUE, LETHARGY TIRDNESS, DECREASED STAMINA, LIGHT HEADEDNESS ON STANDING DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, PALPITATION COGNATIVE DEVELOPMENT :- YOUNG ADOLESCENCE SHOWN TO SCORE LOWER IN ACEDEMIC PERFORMANCE.

16. BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATIONS :- ANEMIC CHILDREN FOUND TO BE MORE DISRUPTIVE, IRREITABLE AND RESTLESS IN THE CLASSROOM. EAT SAND AND CLAY EATTING(PICA) PAGOPHAGIA (ICE EATING)

17. TEMPER TANTRUM ( BEHAVIOUR CHANGES ) AND BREATH HOLDING DIMINISHED WORK PERFORMANCE:- REDUCED IMMUNOCOMPETENCE :- LEADS TO FRQUENT INFECTION

18. CLINICAL SIGNS SKIN PALLOR-------------  FINGER NAILS – FLAT AND SPOON SHAPED  GLISTENING APPEARANCE OF THE TOGUE ---------  (GLOSSITIES )

19. MOUTH --ULCERS, ANGULAR STOMATITIS--  DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING Plummer Vinson Syndrome : Oesophageal Web

20. INVESTIGATIONS 1.DIETARY HISTORY 2.MOTION EXAMINATION FOR OVA, CYST OCCULT BLOOD 3.URINE TEST FOR BLOOD IN THE URINE 4.COMPLETE BLOOD TEST HEMOGLOBIN,RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS 5.PERIPHRAL SMEAR FOR ANY ABNORMALITES, MALARIAL PARASITES 6.PLASMA FERRITIN LEVEL 7.BONE MARROW STUDY

21. PREVENTION OF ANEMIA TAKING BALANCED DIET CAN BE PREVENTED BY 1. SUPPLEMENTATION 2. EDUCATION 3. FORTIFICATION

22. DIETARY SORCES OF NUTRIENTS THAT PREVENT ANEMIA(PER 100gr) IRON mg CAULIFLOWER 40 ARAKEERAI 38.5 SIRIKEERAI 27.3

23. SUNDAIKAI DRY 22.2 MANTHAKKALI KEERAI 20.5 MINT 15.6 PONNAGANNI LEAVES 14.8 IRON mg

24. FOLIC ACID mcg LIVERGOAT 176.2 AMARANTH 149.0 BENGALGRM DHAL 147.5 CLUSTER BEANS 144..0 GINGELLY SEEDS 144.O BLACK GRAM DHAL 132.0 MINT 114.0

25. VITAMIN B12 Mcg LIVERGOAT 90.4 EGG YOLK 4.4 GOATMEAT 2.8 MUTTON 2.6 EGG HEN WHOLE 1.8 SKIM MILK POWDER 0.83 CURD COW”S MILK 0.13

28. SUPPLIMENTATION:- NATIONAL NUTRIONAL ANEMIA PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMME- -- IRON AND FOLATE TABLETS TO PREGNANT WOMEN DURING LAST TRIMESTER FERROUS SULPHATE -  180mg FOLICACID ---  0.5mg CHILDREN AGE 1—5 Yrs FERROUS SULPHATE--60 mg FOLIC ACID --- 0.1mg

31. 8. PROMOTION OF HOME GARDENING TO INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF COMMON IRON RICH FOOD SUCH AS GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES. 9. ENCOURAGING THE USE OF IRON PANS, IRON LADLESAND FOODS LIKE RICE FLAKES . 10.PERIODICAL ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIHELMENTHIC DRUGS. 11. DISCOURAGING THE CONSUMPTION OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES LIKE TEA AND TAMARIND THAT INHIBIT IRON ABSOPTION

32. FORTIFICTION ( TO STRENGTHEN ) FORTIFICATION OF COMMONLY CONSUMED FOOD ITEM WITH IRON FOR PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICENCY ANEMIA. SALT IS CONSIDERED AS SUITABLE VEHICLE FOR IRON FORTIFICATION IN INDIA AS IT SATISFIES ALL THE CRITERIA FOR AN IDEAL VEHICLE. IRON FORTIFICATION OF WHEAT FLOUR AND BREAD IS CURRENTLY EMPLOYED IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FOR PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICENCY ANEMIA .

33. WE SHOULD LOOK TO OUR FARMS AND NOT PHARMACIES FOR THE SOLUTION OF NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS-  ANEMIA

34. ANEMIA FREE INDIA Dr.N.MOHANDAS PREPARED BY Ln.