The document discusses a study on internet usage in Portuguese prisons. It aims to determine if internet access for inmates is a reality or utopia. The study will examine how internet access could benefit inmates' lives and reintegration into society after release. It also explores the implications for the Portuguese prison system and society. The document outlines the research questions, participants, context on prisons and legislation. It provides initial data on surveyed inmates from several prisons regarding demographics, education, family, and social networks.
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Internet Access in Portuguese Prisons: Reality or Utopia
1. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Internet usage in
Portuguese Prisional Establishments.
Reality or an Utopia?
1/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
2. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Reseach questions
In which way can access to the Internet by
Portuguese inmates become a reality?
Which implications the usage of Internet in
Portuguese Prisional Establishments would
have in inmates lifes?
2/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Participants/Objects of study
Inmates in Portuguese Prisional Establishments
Portuguese Prisional System (social workers,
teachers, etc.)
3/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
4. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Prison
«the essential of punishment that we, judges,
inflict don’t believe it consists in punishing;
the essential is aiming to correct, reeducate,
“cure“» (Foucault, 1975)
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
5. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Prison
«reclusion is “invariable and inevitably an
interruption, a reality between parenthesis.”»
(Cunha, 2004)
5/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
6. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Prison
«The notion of reintegration is based on the
preservation of social bonds, family and marital
relations.» (Cunha & Bastos, 2007)
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
7. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Penal Legislation
«After the Portuguese Revolution in 1974 (April
25th), the inmate started being recognized as
a citizen with the same rights as the common
citizen, with the same duties and social rights.»
7/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
8. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Penal Legislation
« The 265/79 law of August 1st (1979), enunciates in the second
article, under the theme “Purposes of the execution” that:
- the execution of penal measures must be
oriented toward the inmates reintegration in
society, preparing the inmate to, in future, lead
his/her life in a responsible and crimeless way.»
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
9. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Penal Legislation
«In the same law, Definition of Execution of Freedom Measures
parameters are determined.
“Life in prison should be as similar as life in
freedom as it is possible, avoiding the negative
consequences of life in prison.”;
9/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
10. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Penal Legislation
“Execution must, as much as possible,
stimulate inmates participation in his/her
own social reintegration (…)”»
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
11. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Technological Society
«The Technological Plan is a plan of promotion,
development and competitive reinforcement
of Portugal. The strategy of this plan is based
upon three axis: knowledge, technology, and
innovation.»
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
12. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Portuguese Technological Society
“Evolution of computer and broad band Internet usage in portuguese homes”
and “Usage of local and mobile broad band”.
Source: Plano Tecnológico e Novas Oportunidades para o Sector, Rui Grilo, 2009.
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
13. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Here’s a thought
Why don’t these two “worlds” become one?
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
14. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
And some questions
What would that do for inmates reintegration?
How would it contribute for a crimeless life?
In which way would it benefit Portuguese society?
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
15. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Field work
The Inmates
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
16. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates sample
Distribution of Inquired Inmates by Prisional Establishment (%)
28.
26.
Porto (#54)
Aveiro (#0)
Leiria (#38)
0.
Coimbra (#57)
Tires (#57)
18.
28.
Note: Total of 206 participating inmates. (Aveiro inmates questionaries not included
due to delay in data treatement.) 16/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
17. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates sample
Distribution of Inquired Inmates by Gender (%)
8.
FEMININE
MASCULINE
92.
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18. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Inmates Distribution by Age (%)
40
36
35
30 27
25
20
16
15
10 10
10
5
1
0
0
18 to 28 years old 29 to 39 years old 40 to 49 years old 50 to 59 years old 60 to 69 years old 70 to 79 years old No answer
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
19. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Education (%)
No answer
0
University
2
Other Graduation - Profissional Degree Course
5
High School - 10th, 11th e 12th years
15
3º Degree - 7th, 8th e 9th years
43
2nd Degree - 5th and 6th years
19
1st Degree - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years, or Old 4th Portuguese Degree
14
Don't know how to read or write
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
20. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Marital Status (%)
60
50
50
40
30
20
18
14
14
10
3
1
0
Single
Married
Living together
Divorced
Widower
No answer
20/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
21. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Family Units Dimension (%)
30
25
25
20
19
15
13
11
10
8
6
5
5
5
3
2
2
1
0
0
0
Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living Living No
alone
with 1 with 2 with 3 with 4 with 5 with 6 with 7 with 8 with 9 with 10 with 11 with 12 answer
person
people
people
people
people
people
people
people
people
people
people
people
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Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
22. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Friends Network Dimension (%)
35
31
30
25
25
20
17
15
8
9
10
3
4
5
1
1
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0
)
)
)
)
h
l
0)
5)
00
le
le
ow
er
ra
(0
15
50
99
g
op
ab
10
sw
to
ve
10
ou
e
kn
to
to
to
on
er
pe
Se
an
an
(1
En
't
m
(6
6
1
N
th
sn
y
w
(1
(5
nu
o
an
e
Fe
N
e
m
e
y
s
In
Do
m
an
ou
or
So
(m
M
g
er
in
um
s
ow
ed
N
Kn
dr
un
H
22/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
23. 0
5
10
15
20
1 to 6 months
25
8
7 months to 1 year
More than 1 year
11
More than 2 year
20
7
More than 3 year
9
More than 4 year
More than 5 year
8
More than 6 year
17
More than 7 year
14
More than 8 year
11
Inmates personal profile
8
More than 9 year
7
More than 10 year
5
More than 11 year
3
More than 12 year
1
More than 13 year
2
More than 14 year
1
More than 15 year
4
More than 16 year
3
More than 17 year
More than 18 year
2
2
More than 19 year
More than 20 year
1
1
Reclusion Time Conviction (#)
More than 21 year
2
More than 22 year
0
More than 23 year
2
More than 24 year
0
More than 25 year
More than 26 year
1
1
More than 27 year
More than 28 year
More than 29 year
More than 30 year
More than 31 year
More than 32 year
0
0
0
0
0
0
More than 33 year
1
More than 34 year
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
0
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
23/39
24. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Time in Prison (#)
45
40
41
35
35
30
31
25
20
20
17
15
15
10
7
6
5
5
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
s
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
th
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
on
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
m
to
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
an
6
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
s
to
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
on
1
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
m
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
7
24/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
25. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates personal profile
Number of Convictions (%)
70
60
58
50
40
35
30
20
10
6
1
0
This is the first
Between 1 and 3 4 or more times
No answer
times
25/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
26. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user profile
Knowing Internet (%)
0.
10.
Yes
No
No answer
90.
26/39
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27. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user profile
Internet Usage Frequency (%)
35
30
30
25
20
20
17
15
11
9
10
7
6
5
0
Every day, Every day
3 to 5 times a 1 to 2 times a Rarely
Never
No answer
several times a week
week
day
27/39
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28. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user profile
Internet Context Usage (%)
40
36
35
30
30
25
22
20
15
12
10
5
0
Leisure
Study / Research
Professional
No answer
Note: Question of multiple response. 28/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
29. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user profile
Type of Internet Usage (%)
20
19
18
17
16
16
14
12
12
11
10
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
0
Talk with friends / Participate in Have fun / Watch Informe myself of Look for a job
Do services Study / Research
Other. Which?
No answer
Family / Other Social Networks videos, pictures, what's (payments,
people
(hi5, facebook, etc.
happening in the shopping,
twitter, etc.)
world
subscribing, etc.)
Note: Question of multiple response. 29/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
30. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user opinions
Internet in Prison (%)
23.
Possible
Impossible
No answer
59.
18.
30/39
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31. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user opinions
Internet in Prison (%)
37.
Adjusted
Unadjusted
No answer
61.
2.
31/39
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32. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user opinions
Internet in Prison (%)
21.
0.
Usefull
Useless
No answer
79.
32/39
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33. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user opinions
Internet Usage in Prison (%)
25
22
20
18
16
14
15
12
10
10
7
5
0
1
0
Look for a job
Have an online job
shopping, subscribing, etc.)
Study / Research
Other. Which?
Have fun / Watch videos,
Networks (hi5, facebook,
Talk with friends / Family /
Informe myself of what's
happening in the world
Do services (payments,
Participate in Social
pictures, etc.
Other people
twitter, etc.)
Note: Question of multiple response. 33/39
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
34. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Inmates Internet user opinions
Internet Usage in Prison as an Improvement (%)
30
26
25
24
24
23
20
15
10
5
2
1
0
0
It would It would It would It would Other. Which?
I don't have an It wouldn't
improve the improve my increase my improve my opinion
change
relationship knowledge of capability to education and anything
with my family
the "outside have a job after formation
world"
reclusion
Note: Question of multiple response. 34/39
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35. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Field work
The Professionals
35/39
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36. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Prison professionals view
“Internet is important for inmates emotional balance.”
“Having Internet in prisons it’s just a problem of security.”
“Internet it’s essential for education.
It’s a gradual process.”
“Access to Internet is crucial for education in prisons.”
36/39
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37. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Prison professionals view
“Every prison should have a room with computers where
inmates could access the Internet, with no access to certain
websites, limited time of access and contact control.”
“Sooner or later it will become a reality.”
“It only takes will.”
37/39
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38. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
Conclusion
In a scenario where new technologies occupy a
space of which it is not able to abdicate, where
technology, globalization and security work as
master guides on the construction of sociological
and communication reality, it appears necessary
to question, analyse, and even reformulate the
models of inmates communication with the
“exterior world”.
38/39
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39. Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · danielagraca@ua.pt • Lídia Oliveira · lidia@ua.pt
THANK YOU!
investigation blog
danielagraca.blogs.ua.sapo.pt/
contacts
danielagraca@ua.pt
+
lidia@ua.pt
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