1. KINGDOM
PLANTAE
DIANE R. SOLVER, RN
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2. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
 multicellular organisms that can make their own food.
 the first and most important link in every food chain.
 all other living creatures depend on plants to survive.
 Plants are found on land, in oceans, and in fresh water.
They have been on Earth for millions of years. Plants were on
Earth before animals.
 Their cell walls are made by cellulose;
 They are fixed in one place (they don’t move).
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3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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4. PLANTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO
TWO DISTINCT GROUPS
 THE NON-VASCULAR PLANTS
 THE VASCULAR PLANTS
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5. THE NON VASCULAR PLANTS – lack the network of
vascular tissues that transport food and water throughout
the entire plant body.
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA: The Non Vascular
Plants
BRYOPHYTES are terrestial moisture loving
plants that are usually found in bogs, shady and
moist places.
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6. CLASS MUSCI,
the mosses, is the
largest and most
diverse class of
bryophytes.
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7. Class Hepaticae are
small plants, no more
than half an inch off the
ground, that can be flat
and ribbon-shaped or
leafy.
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8. Class Anthocerotae comprises the hornworts. They are found
across the world, especially in tropical rainforests. Hornworts grow
on exposed, moist, shaded soil, and so they can be seen in places
such as around the edges of lakes and rivers, as well as by the
sides of roads.
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9. THE VASCULAR PLANTS are large terrestrial
plants that thrive and can survive even in areas with
limited water supply.
TWO GROUPS
1.Spore producing vascular plants (Vascular
Cryptogam)
2.Seed producing vascular plants
(embryophytes)
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10. VASCULAR PLANTS
Vascular Cryptogam
PHYLUM LYCOPHYTA
 low growing and abundant in
places where there is much
water.
 with extremely small spirally
arrange leaves
 the plant body is consist of
rhizomes and tiny leaves called
microphylls.
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11. Selaginella
Lycopodium
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12. PHYLUM SPHENOPHYTA
 the genus Equisetum is the only surviving genus in this
group.
 all species are herbaceous and usually one meter tall
 the stems are aerial with a whorl of small fused leaves
(microphylls) at the nodes and a spore producing, conelike
strobilus on top.
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13. EQUISETUM or
horsetail because
the dominant
sporophyte
resembles a horse
tail. Equisetum are
found in moist
places.
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14. PHYLUM PSILOPHYTA
 the simplest of all living vascular plants. This
plants reproduce by means of spores and lacks
roots and leaves.
 examples are psitolum (whisk fern) and
tmesipteris.
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15. tmesipteris.
psitolum
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16. PHYLUM FELICINOPHYTA
(PTERIDOPHYTA)
 Organisms in this phylum
are always called ferns.
 Thrive well in moist and
shady habitats.
 All ferns are herbaceous,
none are woody.
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17. Seed producing vascular plants
(embryophytes)
TWO GROUPS:
1.Gymnosperms
2.Angiosperms
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19. Gymnosperms
a group of seed-producing plants
The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word
gymnospermos, meaning "naked seeds“ that is, the
seeds are not enclosed within fruits. They are all
fruitless seed plants.
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20. There are 4 major divisions of plants
within the gymnosperms:
1. Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo: maidenhair
tree),
2. Cycadophyta (Cycads),
3. Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes), and
4. Pinophyta or Coniferophyta (the
conifers).
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21. Phylum Cycadophyta
Members of this phylum
are commonly called
cycads (palmlike trees).
The seeds are born on
spiny cones from
specialized leaves called
sporophylls.
One primitive attribute of
cycads is the presence of
flagellated sperm to
fertilize the egg.
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22. Phylum Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo biloba is the only living species
in this group of seed-bearing plants.
Ginkgo bilobas are large trees with
unusual looking cones and distinctive
leaves, they can live for up to a
thousand years. A few hundred million
years ago whole forests existed around
the world filled with different species of
Ginkgos, but now the one remaining
species is native only to China.
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23. Phylum Gnetophyta
Described as the unusual gymnosperms.
Gnetophyta is a plant division containing only 3 genera
(gnetum, ephedra, and welwitschia)
They are semi desert plants . All gnetophytes are
evergreen and woody, and may be trees, vines or in the
case of Welwitschia, difficult to classify.
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24. Members of Phylum Gnetophyta
Gnetum
There are 30-35 species
of Gnetum, including two
trees, many vines, and
shrubs.
Many Gnetum have
seeds and leaves that
are also edible to
humans.
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25. Members of Phylum Gnetophyta
There is only one species of
Welwitschia and it only grows in
the deserts of Namibia and
Angola. Despite sometimes
growing 10m wide (although
more commonly 4m wide),
Welwitschia has strap like leaves
that grow continuously. The
longest recorded leaves were
37m long, but most leaves break
up in the harsh desert
environment and become tatty
and brown at the ends.
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26. Members of Phylum Gnetophyta
There are about 50
species of Ephedra. They
have slender stems with
needle like leaves and
small, sometimes brightly
coloured, cones. They
grow in dry areas in the
Northern hemisphere,
such as North Africa,
Europe and North
America.
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27. Phylum Coniferata
Conifers are
gymnosperms
characterized by
evergreen trees that
produce needlelike
to scale like leaves.
The name of the
phylum is derived
from the cones it
produced. The trees
are conical in
shape.
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28. ANGIOSPERMS
Phylum Anthophyta
Members of this phylum consist of plants that produce flowers as
means of reproduction.
The flower may bear both of the stamen (male reproductive
structure) and the pistil (female reproductive structure)
The ovary, a part of the pistil, contains the ovules (immature
seeds).
After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds that contain the
young plants. The ovary becomes the fruit.
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