D7 entities fields

Drupal 7 Entities and Fields
Kevin Bridges (cyberswat)

D7 Code Sprint

• We will be discussing code

D7 Code Sprint

• We will be discussing code
• If you are not a coder this
will probably be incredibly
boring to you and you risk
being put to sleep :-D

D7 Code Sprint

555 17th Street, Downtown Denver - Monday10:00am MST

D7 Code Sprint

555 17th Street, Downtown Denver - Monday10:00am MST
Matthew Saunders - 720.254.1546

The Next Hour

• Discuss key concepts in Drupal 7: Bundles,
Entities and Fields

The Next Hour

Entities and Fields
• Walk through the creation of a content type
that will add a Bundle of Fields complete
with custom Formatters to the node
Entity

The Next Hour

Entities and Fields
Entity
• Explain WTH that last comment meant

The Next Hour

Entities and Fields
Entity
• Explain WTH that last comment meant
• Introduce the most excellent node_example
module

Key Concepts
• An Entity is a container for Bundles.
Examples are Node, User, File, Taxonomy
Term, Taxonomy Vocabulary

Key Concepts
• A Bundle is a set of ﬁelds that are treated as
a group by the Field API. This is similar to
the concept of a node type in D6

Key Concepts
• Entities can contain multiple Bundles.

Key Concepts
• A ﬁeld deﬁnes a particular type of data that
can be attached to any entity and can be
shared between entities

Key Concepts
• A field defines a particular type of data that
can be attached to any entity and can be
shared between entities
• A field can have widgets and formatters

The Examples Module
• In my mind the best resource for learning is
The Examples Module.

The Examples Module
• This module used to live exclusively in CVS

The Examples Module
• Now maintained by rfay, Dave Reid, katbailey
and ilo ... node_example is a sub-module the
Examples project

The Examples Module
Examples project
• Documentation can be viewed from http://
api.drupal.org/ by following the Examples link

The Examples Module
Examples project
• Documentation can be viewed from http://
api.drupal.org/ by following the Examples link
• http://drupal.org/project/examples - not just
the node module

D7 *.install

• We still implement hook_install() and
hook_uninstall()

D7 *.install

hook_uninstall()
• hook_schema() no longer needs to be
explicitly called

D7 *.install

hook_uninstall()
explicitly called
• Database Structure will resemble D6 CCK
tables

D7 *.install

hook_uninstall()
explicitly called
• Database Structure will resemble D6 CCK
tables
• Database Entity revisions are provided
automatically

D7 *.install
/**
* Implements hook_install().
*
*/
function node_example_install() {
...
}

D7 *.install
/**
*
*/
...
}
/**
* Return a structured array defining the fields created by this content type.
*
* This is packaged in a function so it can be used in both hook_install()
* and hook_uninstall().
*/
function _node_example_installed_fields() {
...
}

D7 *.install
/**
*
*/
...
}
/**
*
*/
...
}
/**
* Return a structured array defining the instances for this content type.
*
* The instance lets Drupal know which widget to use to allow the user to enter
* data and how to react in different view modes.
* This is provided as a function so that it can be used in both hook_install()
*/
function _node_example_installed_instances() {
...
}

D7 *.install
/**
*
*/
...
}
/**
*
*/
...
}
/**
* Return a structured array defining the instances for this content type.
*
* The instance lets Drupal know which widget to use to allow the user to enter
* data and how to react in different view modes.
* This is provided as a function so that it can be used in both hook_install()
*/
...
}
/**
* Implements hook_uninstall().
*
*/
function node_example_uninstall() {
...
}

D7 *.install

• hook_install() will set up our content type

D7 *.install

• hook_install() is where we create our ﬁelds,
if needed

D7 *.install

• hook_install() is where we create our ﬁelds,
if needed
• hook_install() is used to tie our ﬁelds to an
Entity as a Bundle

D7 *.install

}

D7 *.install

$types = node_type_get_types();
node_add_body_field($types['node_example']);

}

D7 *.install

// Load the instance definition for our content type's body
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_info_instance/7
$body_instance = field_info_instance('node', 'body', 'node_example');

}

D7 *.install


// Add our example_node_list view mode to the body instance display by
// instructing the body to display as a summary
$body_instance['type'] = 'text_summary_or_trimmed';

}

D7 *.install



// Save our changes to the body field instance.
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_update_instance/7
field_update_instance($body_instance);

}

D7 *.install



// Create all the fields we are adding to our content type.
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_create_field/7
foreach (_node_example_installed_fields() as $field) {
field_create_field($field);
}

}

D7 *.install



// Create all the fields we are adding to our content type.
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_create_field/7
foreach (_node_example_installed_fields() as $field) {
field_create_field($field);
}
// Create all the instances for our fields.
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_create_instance/7
foreach (_node_example_installed_instances() as $instance) {
$instance['entity_type'] = 'node';
$instance['bundle'] = 'node_example';
field_create_instance($instance);
}

}

D7 *.install

• The node_example module uses 3 distinct
ﬁelds

D7 *.install

ﬁelds
• We place these in a helper function so that it
can be called as needed in functions like
hook_install() and hook_uninstall()

D7 *.install

ﬁelds
• Make sure to see chx’s presentation on Field
API at 2:15pm in the Aten Design Group
room

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(

);
}

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(
'node_example_color' => array(
'field_name' => 'node_example_color',
'label' => $t('The colors available for this object.'),
'cardinality' => 3,
'type' => 'text',
'settings' => array(
'max_length' => 60,
),
),

);
}

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(
'cardinality' => 3,
'type' => 'text',
'max_length' => 60,
),
),
'node_example_quantity' => array(
'field_name' => 'node_example_quantity',
'type' => 'text',
),

);
}

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(
'cardinality' => 3,
'type' => 'text',
'max_length' => 60,
),
),
'type' => 'text',
),
'node_example_image' => array(
'field_name' => 'node_example_image',
'type' => 'image',
'cardinality' => 1,
),
);
}

D7 *.install

• The node_example module uses it’s 3
defined field as 3 field instances

D7 *.install


D7 *.install

• This is the fun part ... we get to apply
formatters to the instances to control their
display

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(

'cardinality' => 3,
'widget' => array(
'type' => 'text_textfield',
),
'display' => array(
'example_node_list' => array(
'label' => 'hidden',
'type' => 'node_example_colors',
),
),
),

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(

'cardinality' => 3,
'widget' => array(
),
'display' => array(
),
),
),
'type' => 'text',
'widget' => array(
),
'display' => array(
'type' => 'hidden',
),
),
),

D7 *.install
$t = get_t();
return array(

'cardinality' => 3,
'widget' => array(
),
'display' => array(
),
),
),
'type' => 'text',
'widget' => array(
),
'display' => array(
'type' => 'hidden',
),
),
),
'node_example_image' => array(
'field_name' => 'node_example_image',
'label' => $t('Upload an image:'),
'required' => FALSE,
'widget' => array(
'type' => 'image_image',
'weight' => 2.10,
),
'display' => array(
'type' => 'image_link_content__thumbnail',
),
),
),

D7 *.install

• hook_uninstall() is used to clean up the data
created with the node_example module

D7 *.install

• hook_uninstall() deletes our ﬁelds and their
instances

D7 *.install

instances
• hook_uninstall() deletes our content type

D7 *.install

instances
• hook_uninstall() deletes our content type
• hook_uninstall() purges ﬁeld data from the
system

D7 *.install

}

D7 *.install

// Gather all the example content that might have been created while this
// module was enabled. Simple selects still use db_query().
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/db_query/7
$sql = 'SELECT nid FROM {node} n WHERE n.type = :type';
$result = db_query($sql, array(':type' => 'node_example'));
$nids = array();
foreach ($result as $row) {
$nids[] = $row->nid;
}

}

D7 *.install

$nids = array();
}
// Delete all the nodes at once
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/node_delete_multiple/7
node_delete_multiple($nids);

}

D7 *.install

$nids = array();
}

// Loop over each of the fields defined by this module and delete
// all instances of the field, their data, and the field itself.
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_delete_field/7
foreach (array_keys(_node_example_installed_fields()) as $field) {
field_delete_field($field);
}

}

D7 *.install

$nids = array();
}

}
// Loop over any remaining field instances attached to the node_example
// content type (such as the body field) and delete them individually.
$instances = field_info_instances('node', 'node_example');
foreach ($instances as $instance_name => $instance) {
field_delete_instance($instance);
}

}

D7 *.install

$nids = array();
}

}
}
// Delete our content type
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/node_type_delete/7
node_type_delete('node_example');

}

D7 *.install

$nids = array();
}

}
}
// Delete our content type
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/node_type_delete/7
node_type_delete('node_example');
// Purge all field information
// http://api.drupal.org/api/function/field_purge_batch/7
field_purge_batch(1000);

}

D7 *.module

• Finally on to the module ﬁle

D7 *.module

• Let’s start with the hooks we will recognize
from D6

D7 *.module

from D6
• hook_node_info() informs Drupal about our
content type

D7 *.module

from D6
content type
• hook_menu() tells Drupal where our custom
page is going to live and how to build it

D7 *.module

from D6
content type
• hook_menu() tells Drupal where our custom
page is going to live and how to build it
• hook_help() provides help information for
users

D7 *.module
/**
* Implements hook_node_info() to provide our node_example type.
*/
function node_example_node_info() {
return array(
'node_example' => array(
'name' => t('Example Node'),
'base' => 'node_example',
'description' => t('This is an example node type with a few fields.'),
'has_title' => TRUE,
),
);
}

D7 *.module
/**
*/
return array(
),
);
}
/**
* Implements hook_menu().
*
* We are providing a default page to illustrate the use of our custom node view
* mode that will live at http://example.com/?q=examples/node_example
*/
function node_example_menu() {
$items['examples/node_example'] = array(
'page callback' => 'node_example_page',
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
'title' => 'Node Example',
);
return $items;
}

D7 *.module
/**
*/
return array(
),
);
}
/**
* Implements hook_menu().
*
* We are providing a default page to illustrate the use of our custom node view
* mode that will live at http://example.com/?q=examples/node_example
*/
function node_example_menu() {
$items['examples/node_example'] = array(
'page callback' => 'node_example_page',
'access arguments' => array('access content'),
'title' => 'Node Example',
);
return $items;
}
/**
* Implements hook_help().
*/
function node_example_help($path, $arg) {
switch ($path) {
case 'examples/node_example':
return "<p>" . t(
"The Node Example module provides a custom node type.
You can create new nodes using the <a href='!nodeadd'>node add form</a>.
Nodes that you create will be displayed here.",
array('!nodeadd' => url('node/add/node-example'))
) . "</p>";
}

D7 *.module

• hook_form() is used to create the basic
content form

D7 *.module

• hook_form() is used to create the basic
content form
• hook_theme() informs Drupal of our theme
callbacks

D7 *.module
/**
* Implement hook_form() with the standard default form.
*/
function node_example_form($node, $form_state) {
return node_content_form($node, $form_state);
}

D7 *.module
/**
*/
}

/**
* Implements hook_theme().
*
* This lets us tell Drupal about our theme functions and their arguments.
*/
function node_example_theme($existing, $type, $theme, $path) {
return array(
'example_node_color' => array(
'variables' => array('color' => NULL),
),
);
}

D7 *.module
/**
*/
}

/**
* Implements hook_theme().
*
* This lets us tell Drupal about our theme functions and their arguments.
*/
function node_example_theme($existing, $type, $theme, $path) {
return array(
'example_node_color' => array(
'variables' => array('color' => NULL),
),
);
}
/**
* A custom theme function.
*
* By using this function to format our node-specific information, themes
* can override this presentation if they wish. This is a simplified theme
* function purely for illustrative purposes.
*/
function theme_example_node_color($variables) {
$output = '<span style="background-color: #ccc; padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; float: left; color: ' .
$variables['color'] . '">' . $variables['color'] . '</span>';
return $output;
}

D7 *.module

• Now for the juicy D7 changes!!!

D7 *.module

• hook_entity_info_alter() lets us modify the
node_entity to use our custom view mode

D7 *.module

• hook_entity_info_alter() lets us modify the
node_entity to use our custom view mode
• hook_ﬁeld_formatter_view() is where we
place the details of our custom view mode

D7 *.module
/**
* Implements hook_entity_info_alter().
*
* We need to modify the default node entity info by adding a new view mode to
* be used in functions like node_view() or node_build_content().
*
*/
function node_example_entity_info_alter(&$entity_info) {
$entity_info['node']['view modes']['example_node_list'] = array(
'label' => t('Example Node List'),
'custom settings' => TRUE,
);
}

D7 *.module
/**
* Implements hook_entity_info_alter().
*
* We need to modify the default node entity info by adding a new view mode to
* be used in functions like node_view() or node_build_content().
*
*/
function node_example_entity_info_alter(&$entity_info) {
$entity_info['node']['view modes']['example_node_list'] = array(
'label' => t('Example Node List'),
'custom settings' => TRUE,
);
}
/**
* Implements hook_field_formatter_info().
*/
function node_example_field_formatter_info() {
return array(
'node_example_colors' => array(
'label' => t('Node Example Color Handle'),
'field types' => array('text'),
),
);
}

D7 *.module

• Last ... but certainly not least

D7 *.module

• Last ... but certainly not least
• hook_ﬁeld_formatter_view() is where we
place the details of our custom view mode

D7 *.module
/**
* Implements hook_field_formatter_view().
*
* @todo: We need to provide a formatter for the colors that a user is allowed to enter
* during node creation.
*/
function node_example_field_formatter_view($object_type, $object, $field, $instance, $langcode, $items, $display) {
$element = array();
switch ($display['type']) {
case 'node_example_colors':
foreach ($items as $delta => $item) {
$element[$delta]['#type'] = 'markup';
$color = $item['safe_value'];
$element[$delta]['#markup'] = theme('example_node_color', array('color' => $color));
}
break;
}

return $element;
}

Informative Links
• The Field API Tutorial - http://drupal.org/
node/707832

Informative Links
node/707832
• The Field API Glossary - http://drupal.org/
node/443540

Informative Links
node/707832
node/443540
• Adding and Reusing a Field - http://
drupal.org/node/474420

Informative Links
node/707832
node/443540
• Making an Entity Fieldable - http://drupal.org/
node/474582

Informative Links
node/707832
node/443540
node/474582
• The Examples Module - http://drupal.org/
project/examples

Informative Links
node/707832
node/443540
node/474582
• The Examples Module - http://drupal.org/
project/examples
• Drupal API - http://api.drupal.org/

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D7 entities fields

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