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Viral video
Folkeuniversitetet 4/10-2008
Christian Winther Bech
http://cutup.dk
Louis Thonsgaard

Viral video er video som indenfor en given tidsperiode bliver set af et
markant stigende antal personer. I sin oprindelige betydning vil denne
stigning være et udslag af at seere anbefaler videoen til andre seere,
således at antallet af seere, der får videoen anbefalet og faktisk ser
den, er større end dem som anbefaler. Man kan således sammenligne
udviklingen af seermønsteret med en virus, der spreder sig. På
samme måde kan en video først betegnes viral idet den begynder at
blive set af et markant stigende antal personer. Der eksisterer ikke
gradbøjninger af begrebet viral video, men alligevel må der være tale
om forskelle typer af viralitet mellem videoer hvis virale forløb er
meget forskellige. Ses en video 10.000 gange i løbet af tre dage, men
taber herefter sin viralitet, er den tydeligvis forskellig fra en video med
et viralt forløb hvor seerantallet langsomt stiger til flere millioner
visninger over et år. Den virale karakter for en video kan bl.a.
beskrives ved at følge antallet af visninger over tid.
Ralph F. Wilson:
          The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing
1. Gives away products or services
2. Provides for effortless transfer to others
3. Scales easily from small to very large
4. Exploits common motivations and behaviors
5. Utilizes existing communication networks
6. Takes advantage of others' resources
Ralph F. Wilson:
             The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing
                                  Hotmail -eksemplet
1.Give away free e-mail addresses and services
2.Attach a simple tag at the bottom of every free message sent out: quot;Get your
private, free email at http://www.hotmail.comquot; and,
3.Then stand back while people e-mail to their own network of friends and
associates,
4.Who see the message,
5.Sign up for their own free e-mail service, and then
6.Propel the message still wider to their own ever-increasing circles of friends
and associates.

Martin Thorborg (Jubii): Spamfighter
Efterspørgselsdeterminanter


Primære: Omfatter forhold for køberside, f.eks. købeevne, livsstil, ønsker og
social status.


Sekundære: Forhold hos virksomheden, f.eks. virksomhedens produkt, pris,
promotion og distribution.


Teritære: Forhold som f.eks. mode, klima, sæsonbetonede forhold.


Konkurrenternes markedsføringsindsats: Er et spørgsmål om konkurrenternes
produkter, priser, service og reklameindsats.
De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter



Produkt


Pris


Place (Distribution)


Promotion
De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter



Produkt: Funktion, design, emballage, sortiment, service, garanti


Pris


Place (Distribution)


Promotion
De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter



Produkt


Pris: Dyrt, discount, rabat, kredit, betalingsbetingelser


Place (Distribution)


Promotion
De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter



Produkt


Pris


Place (Distribution): Kanaltype - butik, kuponhæfte, internet - antal
kanaler, beliggenhed, lager, transport


Promotion
De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter



Produkt


Pris


Place (Distribution)


Promotion: Reklamer - hvilke medier? Salgspromotion, personligt salg,
online marketing, direct marketing
Chris Anderson:
The Long Tail
Word-of-Mouth

An honest targeted
conversation based on
something valuable that creates
buzz.


Targets: evangelists or
influencers


Channels: viral or traditional.
                                  http://www.forrester.com/magazine/documents/How%20To
                                       %20Build%20A%20Word-Of-Mouth%20Marketing
Content: anything consumers                            %20Campaign.pdf
want to share
Forrester
aakb.dk
amazon.com
Subservient Chicken   http://
                      www.subservientchicken.com/
Have it your way... - TenderCrisp

Dagens lys: 8. april, 2004.


Dårligt salg af kyllingesandwiches ift. andre kæder (Wendy’s + McD)


Mål: Ukonventionel markedsføring, men tro mod brand-løftet: ”Have it your
way” => Medie = internet grundet interaktivitet (modsat TV).


Rationale: Sammenfald mellem butiksoplevelse og internetoplevelse.


Motor: Bloggers


8 mdr. senere: Salget steg 13,6%.
Penge, penge, penge

• Cost-per-thousand impressions          • number of comments
  (CPM)
                                         • number of video responses
• Cost-per-visit (CPV)
                                         • number of shares
• Cost-per-click (CPC) / pay per click
  (PPC) / pay per action (PPA)
                                         • number of times favorited

 Andre:
                                         • number of subscriptions, or the
                                           monthly growth on it
• viral effect: loads of inbound links
  from other blogs, and web pages
                                         • http://gugli.wordpress.com/
                                           category/metacafe/
Succes

Måling


Men hvordan?


Strategisk planlægning:


The Secret Strategies Behind Many “Viral” Videos


Indhold:


Narratologi: story/plot, struktur, schemata, cues, fortællepositioner,
aktantmodellen, identifikation, intertekstualitet, punchline
Strategi & mediet
Greimas: Aktantmodellen




                      22
Berettermodellen




               23
Ole Thyssen

Afsender, modtager og indhold


Forfatter, fortæller og de personer, som der fortælles om


Tre lag: “teksten”, fabelen og fortællingen


Et fortalt indhold, en tidslig ofte sekventiel sammenhæng af hændelser.


Ole Thyssen: Æstetisk ledelse
Louis Thonsgaard
Professional produced content:         Amateur content:

                                       a) Re-using others (both professional
a) Videos from professional senders.   and amateur) visual material in own
F.ex.                                  videos
1) Broadcasters (TV)                   1) Using videos
2) Firms                               2) Game content (Machinema)
3) Politicians                         3) Sills
4) Institutions                        4) Screen dumps (from computer
                                       software)

                                       b) Web-cam. Vbloging.
                                       1) Own statement
                                       2) Reaction

                                       c) Home video
                                       1) Filming family and friends. Often in
                                       everyday situations
                                       2) Filming at special locations and at
                                       event
Professionel

The Daily Show: http://www.youtube.com/results?orig_query=the+daily
+show&search_query=john+hodgman+on+the+daily+show&orig_query_src=3


Get a Mac: http://www.apple.com/getamac/ads/ | http://www.youtube.com/
results?search_query=get+a+mac&search_type=&aq=f | http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWk8ouioXgE | http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=fVyTnTdijog|


Klassisk Mac: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMt2MK67-Qw | http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdjmN26QfNs
Amatør?

Guitar: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjA5faZF1A8 | http://www.npr.org/
templates/story/story.php?storyId=5725826


quot;Chocolate Rainquot; Original Song by Tay Zonday http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=EwTZ2xpQwpA&feature=user


Chocolate Rain by Chad Vader http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=P6dUCOS1bM0&feature=related


quot;Cherry Chocolate Rainquot; Original Song by Tay Zonday http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x2W12A8Qow
Amatør?

Chad Vader - Day Shift Manager #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4wGR4-SeuJ0


LonelyGirl15 http://www.lg15.com/
Lev Manovich “The Language of New Media:
                   Computerbilledets tre lag
• cinematographic appearance

  • illusorisk, immediacy

• digital materiality

  • fremmedgørelse, interaktion,

• computational (software driven) logic

  • funktionel, logisk, kontrol, transparens (i HCI
    forstand)
                            12
Strategier

• discrete motion

• loops

• superimposition

• embedded animations
Filmhistorie

• Vertov: Man With a Movie Camera (1929)

  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=LtEOT2ACy0I&feature=related

  • Hele filmen: http://video.google.com/videoplay?
    docid=-2809965914189244913&hl=en

• Sergei Eisenstein: Panserkrydseren Potemkin (1925)

  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euG1y0KtP_Q
Strategiernes bagggrund

• tekniske begrænsninger

  • fra CPU til båndbredde

• tekniske muligheder for nye udtryk

  • http://www.lab404.com/poe
Loop

• den animerede gif: flaskehalsen
  peger...

  • http://web.archive.org/web/
    19961031080740/http://
    www.carlsberg.dk/

• totempo-reklame (også embedded)

• http://www.subservientchicken.com/
New temporal aesthetics

loop vs. sekvens


database narrative vs. montage


diskrete data,


paradigme vs. syntagme
Fluent, cognitive, expressive

Automatic and skilled interactions with products

Interactions that focus on the product at hand; result in knowledge
or confusion and error

Interactions that help the user form a relationship to the product




»Emotion shapes the gap that exists between people and products
                                                   in the world«

                                Understanding Experience in Interactive Systems
                                                  Jodi Forlizzi, Katja Battarbee
Emotion

Dobele et al.: Why pass on viral messages? Because they connect
emotionally

Surprise, joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust

Snakes on a Plane

Magt: Blogs ændrer manuskript. Indslag fra CNN: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrh0U2a5BF4

http://www.snakesonablog.com/

Emotion: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGKKUX-SNWo

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Viral Video Strategies and Techniques

  • 2. Louis Thonsgaard Viral video er video som indenfor en given tidsperiode bliver set af et markant stigende antal personer. I sin oprindelige betydning vil denne stigning være et udslag af at seere anbefaler videoen til andre seere, således at antallet af seere, der får videoen anbefalet og faktisk ser den, er større end dem som anbefaler. Man kan således sammenligne udviklingen af seermønsteret med en virus, der spreder sig. På samme måde kan en video først betegnes viral idet den begynder at blive set af et markant stigende antal personer. Der eksisterer ikke gradbøjninger af begrebet viral video, men alligevel må der være tale om forskelle typer af viralitet mellem videoer hvis virale forløb er meget forskellige. Ses en video 10.000 gange i løbet af tre dage, men taber herefter sin viralitet, er den tydeligvis forskellig fra en video med et viralt forløb hvor seerantallet langsomt stiger til flere millioner visninger over et år. Den virale karakter for en video kan bl.a. beskrives ved at følge antallet af visninger over tid.
  • 3. Ralph F. Wilson: The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing 1. Gives away products or services 2. Provides for effortless transfer to others 3. Scales easily from small to very large 4. Exploits common motivations and behaviors 5. Utilizes existing communication networks 6. Takes advantage of others' resources
  • 4. Ralph F. Wilson: The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing Hotmail -eksemplet 1.Give away free e-mail addresses and services 2.Attach a simple tag at the bottom of every free message sent out: quot;Get your private, free email at http://www.hotmail.comquot; and, 3.Then stand back while people e-mail to their own network of friends and associates, 4.Who see the message, 5.Sign up for their own free e-mail service, and then 6.Propel the message still wider to their own ever-increasing circles of friends and associates. Martin Thorborg (Jubii): Spamfighter
  • 5. Efterspørgselsdeterminanter Primære: Omfatter forhold for køberside, f.eks. købeevne, livsstil, ønsker og social status. Sekundære: Forhold hos virksomheden, f.eks. virksomhedens produkt, pris, promotion og distribution. Teritære: Forhold som f.eks. mode, klima, sæsonbetonede forhold. Konkurrenternes markedsføringsindsats: Er et spørgsmål om konkurrenternes produkter, priser, service og reklameindsats.
  • 6. De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter Produkt Pris Place (Distribution) Promotion
  • 7. De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter Produkt: Funktion, design, emballage, sortiment, service, garanti Pris Place (Distribution) Promotion
  • 8. De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter Produkt Pris: Dyrt, discount, rabat, kredit, betalingsbetingelser Place (Distribution) Promotion
  • 9. De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter Produkt Pris Place (Distribution): Kanaltype - butik, kuponhæfte, internet - antal kanaler, beliggenhed, lager, transport Promotion
  • 10. De 4 P’er - et handlingsparameter Produkt Pris Place (Distribution) Promotion: Reklamer - hvilke medier? Salgspromotion, personligt salg, online marketing, direct marketing
  • 12. Word-of-Mouth An honest targeted conversation based on something valuable that creates buzz. Targets: evangelists or influencers Channels: viral or traditional. http://www.forrester.com/magazine/documents/How%20To %20Build%20A%20Word-Of-Mouth%20Marketing Content: anything consumers %20Campaign.pdf want to share
  • 16.
  • 17. Subservient Chicken http:// www.subservientchicken.com/
  • 18. Have it your way... - TenderCrisp Dagens lys: 8. april, 2004. Dårligt salg af kyllingesandwiches ift. andre kæder (Wendy’s + McD) Mål: Ukonventionel markedsføring, men tro mod brand-løftet: ”Have it your way” => Medie = internet grundet interaktivitet (modsat TV). Rationale: Sammenfald mellem butiksoplevelse og internetoplevelse. Motor: Bloggers 8 mdr. senere: Salget steg 13,6%.
  • 19. Penge, penge, penge • Cost-per-thousand impressions • number of comments (CPM) • number of video responses • Cost-per-visit (CPV) • number of shares • Cost-per-click (CPC) / pay per click (PPC) / pay per action (PPA) • number of times favorited Andre: • number of subscriptions, or the monthly growth on it • viral effect: loads of inbound links from other blogs, and web pages • http://gugli.wordpress.com/ category/metacafe/
  • 20. Succes Måling Men hvordan? Strategisk planlægning: The Secret Strategies Behind Many “Viral” Videos Indhold: Narratologi: story/plot, struktur, schemata, cues, fortællepositioner, aktantmodellen, identifikation, intertekstualitet, punchline
  • 24. Ole Thyssen Afsender, modtager og indhold Forfatter, fortæller og de personer, som der fortælles om Tre lag: “teksten”, fabelen og fortællingen Et fortalt indhold, en tidslig ofte sekventiel sammenhæng af hændelser. Ole Thyssen: Æstetisk ledelse
  • 25. Louis Thonsgaard Professional produced content: Amateur content: a) Re-using others (both professional a) Videos from professional senders. and amateur) visual material in own F.ex. videos 1) Broadcasters (TV) 1) Using videos 2) Firms 2) Game content (Machinema) 3) Politicians 3) Sills 4) Institutions 4) Screen dumps (from computer software) b) Web-cam. Vbloging. 1) Own statement 2) Reaction c) Home video 1) Filming family and friends. Often in everyday situations 2) Filming at special locations and at event
  • 26. Professionel The Daily Show: http://www.youtube.com/results?orig_query=the+daily +show&search_query=john+hodgman+on+the+daily+show&orig_query_src=3 Get a Mac: http://www.apple.com/getamac/ads/ | http://www.youtube.com/ results?search_query=get+a+mac&search_type=&aq=f | http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWk8ouioXgE | http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=fVyTnTdijog| Klassisk Mac: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMt2MK67-Qw | http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdjmN26QfNs
  • 27. Amatør? Guitar: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjA5faZF1A8 | http://www.npr.org/ templates/story/story.php?storyId=5725826 quot;Chocolate Rainquot; Original Song by Tay Zonday http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=EwTZ2xpQwpA&feature=user Chocolate Rain by Chad Vader http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=P6dUCOS1bM0&feature=related quot;Cherry Chocolate Rainquot; Original Song by Tay Zonday http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x2W12A8Qow
  • 28. Amatør? Chad Vader - Day Shift Manager #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=4wGR4-SeuJ0 LonelyGirl15 http://www.lg15.com/
  • 29. Lev Manovich “The Language of New Media: Computerbilledets tre lag • cinematographic appearance • illusorisk, immediacy • digital materiality • fremmedgørelse, interaktion, • computational (software driven) logic • funktionel, logisk, kontrol, transparens (i HCI forstand) 12
  • 30. Strategier • discrete motion • loops • superimposition • embedded animations
  • 31. Filmhistorie • Vertov: Man With a Movie Camera (1929) • http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=LtEOT2ACy0I&feature=related • Hele filmen: http://video.google.com/videoplay? docid=-2809965914189244913&hl=en • Sergei Eisenstein: Panserkrydseren Potemkin (1925) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euG1y0KtP_Q
  • 32. Strategiernes bagggrund • tekniske begrænsninger • fra CPU til båndbredde • tekniske muligheder for nye udtryk • http://www.lab404.com/poe
  • 33. Loop • den animerede gif: flaskehalsen peger... • http://web.archive.org/web/ 19961031080740/http:// www.carlsberg.dk/ • totempo-reklame (også embedded) • http://www.subservientchicken.com/
  • 34. New temporal aesthetics loop vs. sekvens database narrative vs. montage diskrete data, paradigme vs. syntagme
  • 35. Fluent, cognitive, expressive Automatic and skilled interactions with products Interactions that focus on the product at hand; result in knowledge or confusion and error Interactions that help the user form a relationship to the product »Emotion shapes the gap that exists between people and products in the world« Understanding Experience in Interactive Systems Jodi Forlizzi, Katja Battarbee
  • 36. Emotion Dobele et al.: Why pass on viral messages? Because they connect emotionally Surprise, joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust Snakes on a Plane Magt: Blogs ændrer manuskript. Indslag fra CNN: http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrh0U2a5BF4 http://www.snakesonablog.com/ Emotion: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGKKUX-SNWo