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Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden




    Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants
                   Project SOUND - 2010
                                               © Project SOUND
Year-round Color with CA
      Native Plants



   C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
    CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve


      Madrona Marsh Preserve
          May 1 & 4, 2010

                                     © Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
Gardening is like enjoying wine…




http://www.michaelassociates.co.uk/blog/tag/wine-tasting
                                                           © Project SOUND
You start out with an unsophisticated palette…..




 http://trishatruly.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/cheap-fun-wine.jpg
                                                                     © Project SOUND
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2202/2718224697_869cec8834.jpg?v=0
                                                                                                                              © Project SOUND
http://image64.webshots.com/164/3/81/7/480438107hZNkhp_ph.jpg
http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html


                                                           © Project SOUND
The subtle colors of the native plant cycle
                                                            Restraint (sophistication;
                                                             appropriate; restful; ‘earth-
                                                             friendly’)
                                                            Appreciation for the cycle
                                                             of seasons and our
                                                             connection to them
                                                            Expressing our S. CA natural
                                                             heritage – our unique ‘look’
                                                             that others so covet
                                                            Relieving the pressure of
                                                             the ‘Disneyland Gardens’
                                                             syndrome (a mass of
                                                             perfect, bright blooms 12
                                                             months out of the year)
http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html
                                                                                 © Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
Trick # 1: Choose a workable color
                         scheme – one you like

                                                     Helps limit your plant
                                                      choices
                                                     Makes the garden look
                                                      like it has a plan
                                                     Allows you to choose
                                                      sophisticated
                                                      combinations

                                                     If you desire year-
                                                      round color, you’ll need
http://www.justbynature.com/images/HDColor33a.gif
                                                      to choose a scheme that
                                                      is feasible

                                                                     © Project SOUND
Let’s choose our state colors, and work from there
                            The combination of blue and gold
                             as official colors in California
                             were first used by the University
                             of California, Berkeley in 1875.
                            Blue represented the sky and gold
                             the color of the precious metal
                             found by forty-niners in the
                             state's hills.
                            The Secretary of State began
                             using blue and gold ribbons on
                             official documents as early as
                             1913.
                            In 1951, the State Legislature
                             passed legislation makign blue &
                             gold the official state colors.

This color scheme also has the advantage that there are lots
of native plants with yellow & blue flowers
                                                   © Project SOUND
Trick # 2: Plant an evergreen background
                                                            Will look good/green all year long
                                                             – and may also provide colorful
                                                             flowers or fruits
                                                            Provides a backdrop for the real
                                                             show – whatever you decide to
                                                             plant in front of it
                                                            Can be one or several species –
                                                             but all should be medium to dark
                                                             green for best effect
                                                            Possible choices:
                                                               Toyon
                                                               Coffeeberry or Redberry –
                                                                Rhamnus
                                                               Cercocarpus
                                                               Even non-native plants

                                                                                    © Project SOUND
http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html
Remember: fruits/berries and leaves can
       be an excellent source of fall color




Coffeeberry – Frangula (Rhamnus) californica   Holly-leaf Cherry – Prunus illicifolia
                                                                        © Project SOUND
If you don’t like the idea of a living backdrop,
then use a dark or colorful wall/fence




http://www.phillipoliver.net/0406scene2.jpg




     Remember, the goal is to ‘accent’
     the colors of your plants
                                              © Project SOUND
Trick # 3 : use hardscape for year-round
       color (even without plants)




http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1035/1150078518_14c1fdc25f.jpg




                                                                © Project SOUND
One you have a backdrop, you’re ready to
       add some colorful shrubs




                                  © Project SOUND
Some of our longest-flowering shrubs and
perennials are in the sunflower family…




       http://image57.webshots.com/157/1/52/8/2588152080044943617JdrPNe_fs.jpg




  so we decide to use yellow as our primary color
                                                                                 © Project SOUND
CA Bush Sunflower – Encelia californica




                                 © Project SOUND
Trick # 4 : extend the bloom season of
   some shrubs with judicious summer water
                             Choose only plants that can
                              take summer water (Zone 2
                              to 3)
                             Water only as much as
                              needed – over watering leads
                              to disease, shortened life

Plants from riparian and     Most S. CA native plants
Sonoran Desert                need a dormancy period in
communities naturally         late summer/fall – but some
grow in late summer/ fall     still bloom then
– can be used for fall
color
                                                © Project SOUND
* San Diego Sunflower – Viguiera laciniata




http://image57.webshots.com/157/1/52/8/2588152080044943617JdrPNe_fs.jpg

                                                                          © Project SOUND
* San Diego Sunflower – Viguiera laciniata
                                                               Local endemic: San Diego Co. south to
                                                                Baja/Sonora
                                                               Arid Diegan Sage Scrub is typically the
                                                                preferred habitat of this species
                                                               Shrubby slopes at lower elevations




 http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1962,1963




Some believe this species should
be Bahiopsis laciniata

                                                                        http://image38.webshots.com/38/0/77/98/2467077980044943617gnUeOB_fs.jpg

                                                                                                                           © Project SOUND
San Diego Sunflower – like Encelia but
more delicate looking
                                                                                             Size:
                                                                                                   1-3 ft tall
                                                                                                   1-3 ft wide

                                                                                             Growth form:
                                                                                                 Sub-shrub with woody base
                                                                                                 Many herbaceous stems –
                                                                                                  mounded form
                                                                                                 Evergreen to semi-deciduous

                                                                                             Foliage:
                                                                                                 Medium green
                                                                                                 Leaves hairy & resinous;
                                                                                                  coarsely toothed & fairly
                                                                                                  narrow


© 2005 Aaron Schusteff
                                                                                                                  © Project SOUND

                         http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/sdpls/plants/Bahiopsis_laciniata.html
Flowers are pure gold
                          Blooms:
                             May bloom year-round with
                              a little water
                             Main bloom usually Jan-
                              June

                          Flowers:
                             Typical sunflower head, but
                              delicate looking – to 1”
                              across
                             Color: bright golden yellow
                              ray & disk flowers
                             Showy and cheery

                          Seeds:
                             Typical for sunflowers –
                              eaten by birds & animals
© 2005 Aaron Schusteff

                                            © Project SOUND
Sunflowers are easy to
                                                         propagate from seed

                                                         Use fresh seed
                                                         Most need no special
                                                          treatment for good
                                                          germination
                                                         Plant in late winter –
                                                          like the rainwater
                                                         Seedlings are often
                                                          quite hardy

http://hazmac.biz/050725/050725ViguieraLaciniata.html                 © Project SOUND
San Diego Sunflower       Soils:
  is easy to grow             Texture: just about any –
                               sandy to clay
                              pH: any local

                          Light:
                              Full sun to part shade –
                               probably best in full sun near
                               the coast

                          Water:
                              Winter: adequate – but no
                               standing water
                              Summer: occasional to
                               regular water will keep it
                               looking nice (Zone 2 to 3) –
                               good for transition areas.


                          Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
© 2005 Aaron Schusteff
                                                © Project SOUND
San Diego Sunflower
                                                                                    – lots of spring color

                                                                                     As an accent shrub – adds
                                                                                      early color and keeps on
                                                                                      blooming

                                                                                     Great on slopes and hillsides
                                                                                      – soil stabilization
http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html




                                                                                     Fine with native grasses,
                                                                                      shrubs, annual wildflowers –
                                                                                      choose nice color contrasts

                                                                                     Great addition to the
                                                                                      habitat garden – attracts
                                                                                      butterflies, other insects &
 http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2010/03/well-ill-be-bramble-green-hairstreak.html
                                                                                      birds
 Bramble Green Hairstreak (Callophyrs
 dumetorum)                                                                                            © Project SOUND
Viguiera parishii – a desert species




                                                   http://www.azhikinggallery.com/galleryintro.asp?galleryid=spurcrossranch_042107




                                                    Full sun
                                                    Very well-drained soils
                                                    Low water (Zone 1-2)



                                                                                                                     © Project SOUND
http://www.delange.org/Viguiera/Viguiera.htm
    http://www.delange.org/Viguiera/Viguiera.htm
Trick # 5: use ‘season extenders’ –
shrubs with a long blooming season

              Give a sense of continuity
               through the seasons
              Get a lot of bang for your buck
               - and many are long-lived
              Can be used as the ‘backbone’
               of your color plan – use other
               plants as accents
              Are often readily available in
               native plant nurseries/sales –
               they know what people want!

                                     © Project SOUND
Trick # 6: use light/bright colors to add ‘light’
   to dark areas – use light/dark contrast
                          Adds a cheerful note in winter
                           & a cool note in summer

                          A little color goes a long way in
                           dark areas of the garden




                                               © Project SOUND
* Canyon Sunflower – Venegasia carpesioides




 © 2002 Lynn Watson

                                    © Project SOUND
* Canyon Sunflower – Venegasia carpesioides
                                                          The single species of its genus
                                                          Found in Southwestern CA from central Ca to
                                                           Baja
                                                          Locally in the Santa Monica, San Gabriel Mtns.
                                                          Shaded canyons, moist wooded slopes &
                                                           stream banks in southern oak woodland,
                                                           chaparral and coastal sage scrub below 3000'




                                                                                                http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3320/3611899047_a65fb22e49.jpg?v=0
                                                                                                                                            © Project SOUND
http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/images/photos/native_plant_album/Venegasia%20carpesioides.JPG
Canyon Sunflower is like a daintier, perennial version
of the Annual Sunflower
                                                                                Size:
                                                                                     3-5 ft tall
                                                                                     3-6 ft wide

                                                                                Growth form:
                                                                                   Sub-shrub with a woody base
                                                                                   Shape mounded to irregular –
                                                                                    think ‘chrysanthemum-like’
                                                                                   Drought deciduous

                                                                                Foliage:
                                                                                   Bright to medium green – very
                                                                                    woodsy looking
                                                                                   Leaves shaped like annual
                                                                                    sunflower
                                                                                   Some think it has a
                                                                                    disagreeable odor
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/venegasia-carpesioides                         © Project SOUND
Flowers will light up
                                                                                                 the garden
                                                                                              Blooms:
                                                                                                 Long bloom period – at least
                                                                                                  most of spring
                                                                                                 Usually from Mar/Apr to June,
                                                                                                  then again in cooler fall
http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Image:Venegasia_carpesioides_02.JPG
                                                                                              Flowers:
                                                                                                 Lovely yellow sunflower heads
                                                                                                 Large – ‘dahlia-like’ – 2” across
                                                                                                 Color looks spectacular against
                                                                                                  bright green foliage or dark
                                                                                                  background
                                                                                                 Attract many pollinators

                                                                                              Seeds: attract seed-eaters
© 2004 Dr. Daniel L. Geiger
                                                                                                                   © Project SOUND
Canyon Sunflower      Soils:
                           Texture: very adaptable – clay is
likes shade & water         fine
                           pH: any local

                       Light:
                           Likes some shade altho’ OK in full
                            sun
                           Excellent choice for high shade
                            under tree, N side of structures

                       Water:
                           Winter: adequate
                           Summer: looks best with some
                            water (Zone 2 to 2-3) but quite
                            drought tolerant

                       Fertilizer: fine with an organic
                         mulch

                       Other: prune back hard (like Encelia)
© 2010 Anna Bennett      after fall bloom period)   © Project SOUND
Canyon Sunflower solves
                                                                                              some garden problems
                                                                                              One of our best choices for
                                                                                               showy flowers in shady places
                                                                                               – consider it for any dark area

                                                                                              Good choice for bank/slope
                                                                                               stabilization - excellent for
                                                                                               shady ‘creek banks’ – natural
http://santabarbarahikes.com/flowers/index.php?action=show_item&id=37&search=



                                                                                               or man-made

                                                                                              Great for rain gardens

                                                                                              ? Near the vegetable garden

                                                                                              Great with Melic Grass &
                                                                                               shade-loving annuals like
                                                                                               Chinese Houses, Baby Blue-
                                                                                               eyes
                                                                                                                 © Project SOUND
http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Image:Venegasia_carpesioides_02.JPG
Trick # 7 : use white foliage to give the
     illusion of color in any season




                                    © Project SOUND
http://image42.webshots.com/42/1/15/68/2307115680044943617JstPeE_fs.jpg




                    Viguiera laciniata, Diplacus puniceus, Diplacus
                             aurantiacus, Encelia farinosa
                                                                          © Project SOUND
Trick # 8 : Use fall-blooming shrubs/perennials
        for a boost of color in Sept-Oct

                        For yellow/white flowers
                         consider:
                             Goldenbushes
                             Mock Heather
                             Rabbitbush
                             Coyote Bush
                             Goldenrods
                             Mulefat
                        For orange/red
                           CA Fuschia – several
                            different colors
                           Buckwheat (seed heads)


                                             © Project SOUND
Coast Goldenbush – Isocoma menziesii




                                © Project SOUND
Two Coastal Goldenbushes




Coastal Goldenbush – Isocoma menziesii   Sawtooth Goldenbush – Hazardia squarrosa



    Similar growth habit and flowers; fall blooming (Aug-Oct)
    Coast Goldenbush: foliage lighter; leaves rounder, softer,
    Sawtooth Goldenbush: foliage stiffer, prickly
                                                                 © Project SOUND
Goldenbushes are easy to grow in our
area…             Soils:
                                         Texture: any, even clay
                                         pH: any, even alkali

                                     Light: full sun best

                                     Water:
                                         Young plants: need some water to
                                          get going – plant in fall
                                         Summer: little to moderate (Zone
                                          2); looks better with occasional
                                          water

                                     Fertilizer: none (although probably
                                       wouldn’t hurt it)

                                     Other: even tolerates seaside
Cut back yearly in the fall after      conditions
bloom
                                                               © Project SOUND
Yellow-flowered bush sunflowers can add color during
nearly every season
                                                   © Project SOUND
Trick # 9: use masses of color – in
                      selected areas, as accents
                                                        Mother Nature’s garden:
                                                         Massed flowers used as accents –
                                                          against a background of green or
                                                          gold

                                                         Massed color is not required all year
                                                          long – it’s often a seasonal treat
http://www.flickr.com/photos/13828934@N00/3413979138/




                                                                                  © Project SOUND
CA Prickly Phlox – Leptodactylon californicum




 J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
                                             © Project SOUND
CA Prickly Phlox – Leptodactylon californicum
                                                  Outer Coastal ranges from central CA to
                                                   Orange Co
                                                  Locally in Santa Monica & San Gabriel Mtns
                                                  In scrub vegetation - Ceanothus cuneatus,
                                                   Adenostema fasciculatum – usually on E. or W-
                                                   facing slopes
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-
bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5654,5802,5803
                                                  AKA *Linanthus californicus




 http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/157072/             http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/leptodactylon-californicum
                                                                                                                                   © Project SOUND
Prickly Phlox – the name says it all…
                                  Size:
                                                 < 2 ft tall
                                                 1-2 ft wide

                                  Growth form:
                                           Drought-deciduous perennial
                                            sub-shrub
                                           Mounded form

                                  Foliage:
                                           Bright green in spring/early
                                            summer
                                           Very narrow, sharp leaves –
                                            esp. when dry – typical of the
                                            native phlox

                                  Roots: deep & vigorous; use a
                                        large pot/planter
                                                                    © Project SOUND
               http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/157072/
Flowers are magical…
                                                                                    Blooms: in spring - usually Mar-
                                                                                      May in western L.A. Co.; about 1+
                                                                                      month

                                                                                    Flowers:
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/leptodactylon-californicum        Look like phlox or Vinca – very
                                                                                         old-fashioned look
                                                                                        Color: usually pale magenta, but
                                                                                         may be very pale pink – even
                                                                                         white
                                                                                        Plant is covered with flowers –
                                                                                         literally a mound of blooms
                                                                                        Sweet-musty scent in late
                                                                                         afternoon-evening
                                                                                        Attracts many butterflies,
                                                                                         hummingbirds & other insects

                                                                                                             © Project SOUND
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leptodactylon_californicum
Phlox like it dry    Soils:
                              Texture: wide variety, but must
                               be well-drained or roots will rot
                              pH: any local

                          Light:
                              Full sun

                          Water:
                              Winter: adequate
                              Summer: needs summer dry
                               period after flowering – Zone 1
                               or 1-2

                          Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

                          Other: cut back the stems after
                            flowering to keep is compact


© 2009 Aaron Schusteff
                                                  © Project SOUND
Place Prickly Phlox wisely

                                                                                      As an attractive and
                                                                                       interesting pot plant – move
                                                                                       it during the ‘ugly phase’

                                                                                      In a rock garden – as in
                                                                                       nature

                                                                                      Mixed with other obligate
                                                                                       summer-dry species
                                                                                       (Penstemons; native
                                                                                       grasses; annuals)
http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Leptodactylon_californicum.htm

                                                                                      Away from edges of paths,
                                                                                       other traffic areas

                                                                                      Great for dry slopes – other
                                                                                       ‘dry problem areas’

                                                                                    http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leptodactylon_californicum
                                                                                                                                  © Project SOUND
Trick # 10: consider using groundcovers
     or perennials for accent colors
                  Often have green foliage for a
                   long period – especially with a
                   little summer water

                  Can be used in conjunction with
                   native bulbs or annual wildflowers
                  Some have masses of blooms
                   (Erigeron glaucus)
                  Others have fewer – but lovely –
                   flowers, fruit, leaves
                  Sometimes less can be more – the
                   contrast of a lovely flower against
                   green foliage
                                          © Project SOUND
Sticky Cinquefoil – Potentilla glandulosa




 http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23900
                                                               © Project SOUND
Sticky Cinquefoil – Potentilla glandulosa

                                                                             A plant of the West
                                                                             Much of CA except S. deserts &
                                                                              Great Central Valley
                                                                             Dryish to moist, open places
                                                                              from seashore to timberline –
 http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/species/6/poteglan.htm
                                                                              many plant communities
                                                                             Many ssp. proposed and/or
                                                                              accepted – quite variable and
                                                                              will no doubt change
                                                                             Resembles California Horkelia
                                                                              enough to confuse and
                                                                              frustrate, especially when the
                                                                              plants are not flowering.


http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6824,6838
                                                                                                    © Project SOUND
Genus Potentilla
                                                                              Annual, biennial or perennial herb
                                                                              Somewhat resemble strawberries but
                                                                               usually having dry, inedible fruit (hence
                                                                               the name 'Barren Strawberry' for
                                                                               some species).
                                                                              Leaves divided into leaflets arranged
                                                                               palmately like the fingers of a hand (3
                                                                               – 15 leaflets).
                                                                              Five-petalled flowers are borne over a
                                                                               long period of time from spring to
                                                                               summer.
                                                                              The flowers are usually yellow, butcan
                                                                               be white, pinkish or red.
                                                                              Potentilla species are used as food
                                                                               plants by larvae of some Lepidoptera
                                                                               (butterflies and moths) species.
                                                                              Some species of Potentilla are grown
                                                                               as ornamental plants, while some are
                                                                               used in herbalism
http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/species/6/poteglan.htm
                                                                                                         © Project SOUND
Sticky Cinquefoil – like a large strawberry plant

                                      Size:
                                           1-2 ft tall
                                           1-2 ft wide

                                      Growth form:
                                         Herbaceous perennial
                                         Erect to tufted
                                         Dies back to woody root in
                                          fall/winter

                                      Foliage:
                                         Medium green – very hairy &
                                          sticky
                                         Pinnately compound leaves
                                          with 5-9 leaflets
                                         Tea or tonic made from leaves
© 2007 Michelle Cloud-Hughes




                                                          © Project SOUND
Flowers are usually yellow
                                Blooms:
                                   Long bloom season – late
                                    spring through summer
                                   Judicious summer water
                                    keeps it blooming May-Aug

                                Flowers:
                                   Strawberry-like (or
                                    Horkelia-like)
                                   Usually a bright yellow
                                   Bloom pattern like
                                    strawberries
                                   Good butterfly nectar plant

© 2006 David McClurg            Vegetative reproduction:
                                 divisions in spring - easy

© 2007 Michelle Cloud-Hughes
                                                     © Project SOUND
Cinquefoils are easy..                      Soils:
                                                Texture: just about any
                                                 except very heavy clays
                                                pH: any local

                                            Light:
                                                Full sun with regular water
                                                Part-shade probably works
                                                 best
  © 2007 California Native Plant Society

                                            Water:
                                                Winter: good winter rains
                                                Summer: very adaptable –
                                                 Zone 1-2 to 2-3; Zone 2 or
                                                 more for long bloom season.

                                            Fertilizer: not picky – would be
                                              fine with ½ strength fertilizer

 © 2007 Matt Below
                                                                  © Project SOUND
Garden uses for Sticky
                                                                                                      Cinquefoil
                                                                                                 As an attractive pot plant –
                                                                                                  grow like a strawberry

                                                                                                 Nice addition to a rock garden
http://www.thefloweringgarden.com/potentilla.htm                                                  – lush-looking with Sedums

                                                                                                 Good in mixed groundcovers
                                                                                                  (with Yarrow, Strawberries)

                                                                                                 Along paths and walkways

                                                                                                 In a woodland garden

                                                                                                 For streamside or bordering a
                                                                                                  lawn

                                                                                                 In the herb garden
                                                                                                                     © Project SOUND
   http://science.halleyhosting.com/nature/plants/5petal/rose/potentilla/glandulosagland.html
Trick # 11 : you don’t need a lot of color at any
   one time – just some, strategically placed




                                        © Project SOUND
Use annual wildflowers for spots of
                   seasonal color
            Spring-Summer are the peak
             annual wildflower seasons – most
             species bloom 2-4 weeks
            Wide range of color, size, other
             characteristics – we are extremely
             lucky
            Serial sowing can provide a long
             bloom season with some species
               Clarkias & Gilias do well with serial
                sowing
               Plant in 2-3 week intervals for
                color from spring to summer
               Be sure that seedlings get enough
                summer water

                                       © Project SOUND
Trick # 12 : use containers for seasonal
                 color – the ‘color bowl’ trick

                                                                     Allows you to showcase plants at their
                                                                      peak of flowering – and remove them
                                                                      during their resting season
                                                                     Allows you to have your color up close –
                                                                      on patio or balcony
                                                                     Allows you to use bulbs/corms while you
                                                                      are reproducing them – good for rare or
http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TriteleiaSp       expensive bulbs
eciesThree

                                                                     Works especially well for plants with
                                                                      requisite summer dry period – bulbs &
                                                                      annual wildflowers
                                                                     Use a single species or mix – bulbs and
                                                                      contrasting color wildflowers are
                                                                      magical!

                                                                                                 © Project SOUND
Ithuriel’s Spear – Triteleia laxa




http://www.prod.bulbsonline.org/ibc/en/publiek/collection.jsf/Information/spring-blooming-bulbs/triteleia-laxa;jsessionid=AC136357DA08D01EBB6BF2ED0434206D
                                                                                                                                                             © Project SOUND
Ithuriel’s Spear – Triteleia laxa

                                                                         Foothills of CA
                                                                         Locally on Catalina Isl. &
                                                                          possibly in Hollywood Hills
                                                                         Open forests, mixed conifer
                                                                          or foothill woodlands,
                                                                          grasslands on clay soils from
                                                                          sea level to ~ 6000 ft.
                                                                         Common where it occurs

                                                                         Highly variable – may be more
                                                                          than one species/ssp

                                                                         Favorite garden ‘bulb’ for long
                                                                          time
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8655,8669
                                                                                             © Project SOUND
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242102032
Ithuriel’s Spear in nature – clues to its use




http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/Herb/curator/bidwell_park_03-30-05/Slopes_above_Day_Camp_3-30-05.htm
                                                                                                    © Project SOUND
Ithuriel’s Spear:
                                                                    perennial from a corm
                                                                 Size:
                                                                       < 2 ft tall
                                                                       < 2 ft wide

                                                                 Growth form:
http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/Herb/curator/bidwell_park_03-30-
05/Slopes_above_Day_Camp_3-30-05.htm
                                                                     Perennial from a corm
                                                                     Summer/fall dormant – dies back to
                                                                      the corm – typical of native bulbs

                                                                 Foliage:
                                                                     Rather wide, strap-like leaves
                                                                     Medium-green
                                                                     Often die back before flowering

                                                                 Tip: protect foliage from snails/slugs

                                                                                             © Project SOUND
      http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa
Flowers are irresistible!
                                                                  Blooms:
                                                                     Late spring/early summer - usually
                                                                      Apr-June

                                                                     Varies with rain & temperature

                                                                  Flowers:
                                                                     Clustered on tall (above native
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa                      grasses) naked stalk – kind of like
                                                                      Agapanthus

                                                                     Flowers usually light blue to pale
                                                                      violet but may be dark violet to
                                                                      almost white

                                                                     Funnel-shaped like Brodiaeas

                                                                     favorite pollen and nectar source
                                                                      for bees & butterflies
   http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~sac1/images/ChambSchlising1.jpg                              © Project SOUND
Growing native bulbs
                                                                                             from bulbs/corms
                                                                                            Order from reputable sources
                                                                                               Far West Bulbs
                                                                                               Teleos Rare Bulbs
                                                                                               Rancho Santa Ana fall sale

http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Triteleia_laxa_'Queen_Fabiola'       Bulbs usually shipped in fall –
                                                                                             ready to plant

                                                                                            Easy – just plant about 4-6” deep
                                                                                             (they will reach their own
                                                                                             preferred depth within a year)

                                                                                            Will multiply – generally need to
                                                                                             dig and replant every 3-4 years to
                                                                                             keep them productive

                                                                                            This corm can be eaten raw or
                                                                                             baked – protect from gophers, etc.
                                                                                                                   © Project SOUND
http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TriteleiaSpeciesThree
Growing bulbs/corm
                                                                                     plants from seed
                                                                                  Let pods/capsules dry on plant
                                                                                   until they start to open; watch –
                                                                                   may happen quickly
                                                                                  Generally quite easy with no
 Tracey Slotta @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
                                                                                   pre-treatment required for
                                                                                   locally – northern/mountain
                                                                                   grown may require 1 mo. cold-
                                                                                   moist treatment
                                                                                  Sow in late fall in pots or tubs –
                                                                                   you can even leave in the same
                                                                                   pot for first 2 years
                                                                                  Takes 3-4 years for bulbs to be
                                                                                   large enough for flowering

http://tmousecmouse.blogspot.com/2009/10/seeds-and-cuttings-and-bulbs-and.html
                                                                                                        © Project SOUND
Ithuriel’s Spear is one                                         Soils:
                                                                    Texture: any but heaviest clays
  of our easiest bulbs
                                                                    pH: any local

                                                                Light:
                                                                    Full sun to quite shady – best
                                                                     full sun to light shade
                                                                    Fine under high trees

                                                                Water:
                                                                    Winter: adequate while leaves
                                                                     are actively growing
                                                                    Summer: start tapering off
                                                                     water when flowering stalks
                                                                     appear. Needs summer/fall
                                                                     rest – Zone 1

                                                                Fertilizer: none to light dose (in
                                                                  pots)

 http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TRLA16

                                                                                      © Project SOUND
Versatile native bulbs
                                                                                                    & corms
                                                                                              Some of the best plants for
                                                                                               pots/containers – pair with
                                                                                               native annual wildflowers for a
                                                                                               great show even on patios

                                                                                              Massed as an accent plant –
http://www.notsogreenthumb.org/shows/chelsea_flower_show/chelsea_flower_show2003_page3.htm     remember that they need
                                                                                               summer/fall dry

                                                                                              With native grasses in a
                                                                                               natural meadow or prairie –
                                                                                               remember, our native prairies
                                                                                               were not just grasses

                                                                                              In rock gardens or along paths

                                                                                              In pollinator/butterfly gardens
                                                                                                                  © Project SOUND
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa
‘Queen Fabiola’
                                                                 Available from native plant sources &
                                                                  Holland bulb companies
                                                                 Large, intense blue flowers
                                                                 Grows well in gardens



http://www.americanmeadows.com/SpringFlowerBulbs/Others/Trite
leiaQueenFabiolaFlowerBulbs.aspx




                                                                                          http://www.marthastewart.com/plant/triteleia-laxa-
                                                                                          queen-fabiola
                                                                                                   © Project SOUND
‘Corrina’
                                                                                   Violet flowers with violet-
                                                                                    purple tips & veins

                                                                                   Very showy in early summer



http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Triteleia_laxa_'Corrina'




                                                                                     http://www.millergarden.org/garden/summer/summer-8.jpg



                                                                                                                           © Project SOUND
Trick # 13 : use color contrasts to make
       the most of available color




                         http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Triteleia-laxa/
                                                             © Project SOUND
Complementary colors

                                                                  Are opposite on the
                                                                   color wheel
                                                                  Have the most contrast
http://www.fiber-
images.com/Free_Things/Reference_Charts/color_wheel.ht
m

                                                                   in hue (color) of any
                                                                   color combination
                                                                     Make a bold graphic
                                                                      statement
                                                                     Make the brighter hue
                                                                      seem to “advance”
                                                                     Lively – seem to be
                                                                      constantly in motion
      http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/TEACH/floral/complements.jpg


                                                                                   © Project SOUND
* Harvest Brodiaea – Brodiaea elegans




http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Brodiaea/Brodiaea_elegans_br3.jpg


                                                                                    © Project SOUND
* Harvest Brodiaea – Brodiaea elegans
                                                                 S. OR to N. CA – San Francisco area as
                                                                  well as the foothills – perhaps also in S.
                                                                  CA (much taxonomic dispute)

                                                                 Found on grassy slopes, gravelly prairies,
                                                                  and rocky bluffs overlooking the sea.




                                                                         http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL


http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8438,8446                                                            © Project SOUND
Brodiaea’s confusing taxonomy
                                                 First specimens collected by Archibald Menzies,
                                                  botanist to the Vancouver Expedition, in 1792.
                                                 The first published reference in James Edward
                                                  Smith's 1807 An introduction to physiological and
                                                  systematical botany.
                                                 The taxonomists have been arguing ever since
                                                 Different current systems place the genus in
                                                  three different families.
                                                    The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group place it in family
                                                     Themidaceae.
                                                    Many other modern authors place it in the family
                                                     Alliaceae.
                                                    Older but still widely used sources such as ITIS
                                                     place the Triplet lilies in the family Liliaceae
Gladys Lucille Smith © California Academy o

                                                 Brodiaea (or Brodeia) is also used as a common
f Sciences


                                                  name to refer to three genera, Brodiaea,
                                                  Dichelostemma, and Triteleia. The latter two
                                                  genera were once included as part of the genus
                                                  Brodiaea
                                                                                       © Project SOUND
http://science.halleyhosting.com/nature/gorge/3petal/lily/brodiaea/harvest.htm
                                                                                 © Project SOUND
Harvest Brodiaea – an elegant perennial

                                            Size:
                                                 1-2 ft tall
                                                 1-2 ft wide

                                            Growth form:
                                               Herbaceous perennial from a
                                                corm
                                               Dies back to corm in summer

                                            Foliage:
                                               Strap-like leaves
                                               Usualy die back before
                                                flowering

                                            Roots:
                                               A small corm

http://www.phytoimages.siu.edu/taxpage/0                        © Project SOUND
/0/79/binomial/Brodiaea%20elegans.html
Flowers are sweetly
                                                                old-fashioned
                                                             Blooms:
                                                                usually in late spring/early
                                                                 summer – after the grasses
                                                                 have turned dry
http://www.hillkeep.ca/bulbs%20brodiaea.htm

                                                                May-June in our area

                                                             Flowers:
                                                                Usually pale violet – may be
                                                                 darker or lighter – seem to glow
                                                                 when contrasted with golden
                                                                 grasses or CA Poppies
                                                                Very attractive open funnel-
                                                                 form
                                                                Good for cut flowers

                                                             Seeds:
                                                                Small dark seeds
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL                           © Project SOUND
Harvest Brodiaea:                                           Soils:
   easy to please                                                 Texture: best in heavy clay soils
                                                                  pH: any local

                                                              Light:
                                                                  Full sun to part-shade

                                                              Water:
                                                                  Winter: needs good moisture
                                                                   when leaves are growing – storing
                                                                   nutrients for next year
© 2009 Terry Dye
                                                                  Summer: cut down water as
                                                                   flowering winds down – dry after
                                                                   that.

                                                              Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

                                                              Other: may need to provide support;
                                                                thin corms every 3-4 years – when
                                                                flowers become smaller

                                                                                        © Project SOUND
 http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL
Brodiaea – easy color
                                                                    for the garden
                                                                Excellent color when massed –
                                                                 really spectacular for 3-4 weeks

                                                                In native prairie/grassland
                                                                 plantings – take your cues from
                                                                 Mother Nature
http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Brodiaea


                                                                As an attractive pot plant – pair
SpeciesOne




                                                                 with Clarkias or Red Maids

                                                                Along walkways

                                                                In a rock garden

                                                                In those ‘small, difficult to water’
                                                                 areas with Penstemons, native
                                                                 grasses
                                                                                          © Project SOUND
© 2005 Steven Thorsted



 Design tip: Bulbs are invisible 6 months of the year, so place them
  around existing shrubs, perennials, and bunchgrasses which will
  command interest when the bulbs go dormant.
                                                       © Project SOUND
 Maintenance tip: In early summer, remove the dried
  stalks for neatness. Be sure to collect the seeds for
  propagation or for trading.
                                              © Project SOUND
Tip # 14 : make your own ‘sequence of
            bloom’ calendar

                  Note color periods for
                   flowering/ fruiting plants in
                   your garden – do this over
                   several years. You’ll find it
                   fascinating & useful.

                  If your results differ
                   greatly from our plant
                   information sheets, let me
                   know – I’ll revise the sheets


                                     © Project SOUND
   ‘Some of the most reliable plants in my garden are California native
    bulbs. They bring seasonal color and variety to the garden, and give
    it a sense of place (“This is California!”) and a sense of time: they
    are the markers of spring glory.’
                                                              © Project SOUND
Tip # 14 : make your own ‘sequence of
            bloom’ calendar

                  Visit local native plant
                   gardens/ preserves
                   throughout the year – bring
                   your camera & notebook

                  Visit native plant nurseries
                   at times when your garden
                   needs a little color – see
                   what’s blooming



                                     © Project SOUND
Trick # 15 : use selected non-native
species that are compatible with natives

                    Ones that have special
                     meaning for you
                    Ones with colors/bloom
                     times not available in
                     natives
                    Just be sure they are
                     compatible:
                       Color palette
                       Garden requirements:
                          Water
                          Soil type
                          Fertilizer
                                        © Project SOUND
Trick # 16 : learn from Mother Nature – relax
 and enjoy the differences from year to year

                                                  No two years will be exactly
                                                   alike – rain, temperature &
                                                   other factors influence
                                                   timing/extent of flowering
                                                  Relax – you don’t need to have
                                                   ‘oceans of color’ all the time
                                                  Try to correlate differences
                                                   in bloom calendar with weather
                                                   patterns, garden conditions,
                                                   etc. This may be important
                                                   information as we meet
                                                   climate change conditions
http://www.rizreyes.com/Triteleia_Corrina.html

                                                                       © Project SOUND
16 tricks for year-round color in a ‘New S.
             California Garden’

1.   Choose a workable color scheme
2.   Plant an evergreen background
3.   Use hardscape for year-round color
4.   Extend the bloom season with judicious summer
     water
5.   Use ‘season extenders’ as backbone plants
6.   Use light/bright flowers to add ‘light’ to dark areas
7.   Use silver/white foliage to give the illusion of color
8.   Use fall-blooming shrubs/perennials for a boost of
     color in Sept-Oct
                                                © Project SOUND
16 tricks for year-round color in a ‘New S.
             California Garden’
9. Use masses of color – in selected areas, as accents
10. Consider using groundcovers or perennials for
    accent colors
11. You don’t need a lot of color at any one time – just
    enough, strategically placed
12. Use containers for seasonal color
13. Use color contrasts to make the most of available
    color
14. Create a ‘sequence of bloom’ calendar for your
    garden
15. Use selected non-native species to fill in ‘gaps’
16. Relax and enjoy the differences from year to year

                                              © Project SOUND
Let’s go see some May color




                       © Project SOUND

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Year round color - 2010

  • 1. Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants Project SOUND - 2010 © Project SOUND
  • 2. Year-round Color with CA Native Plants C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve May 1 & 4, 2010 © Project SOUND
  • 6. Gardening is like enjoying wine… http://www.michaelassociates.co.uk/blog/tag/wine-tasting © Project SOUND
  • 7. You start out with an unsophisticated palette….. http://trishatruly.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/cheap-fun-wine.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 8. http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2202/2718224697_869cec8834.jpg?v=0 © Project SOUND http://image64.webshots.com/164/3/81/7/480438107hZNkhp_ph.jpg
  • 10. The subtle colors of the native plant cycle  Restraint (sophistication; appropriate; restful; ‘earth- friendly’)  Appreciation for the cycle of seasons and our connection to them  Expressing our S. CA natural heritage – our unique ‘look’ that others so covet  Relieving the pressure of the ‘Disneyland Gardens’ syndrome (a mass of perfect, bright blooms 12 months out of the year) http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html © Project SOUND
  • 12. Trick # 1: Choose a workable color scheme – one you like  Helps limit your plant choices  Makes the garden look like it has a plan  Allows you to choose sophisticated combinations  If you desire year- round color, you’ll need http://www.justbynature.com/images/HDColor33a.gif to choose a scheme that is feasible © Project SOUND
  • 13. Let’s choose our state colors, and work from there  The combination of blue and gold as official colors in California were first used by the University of California, Berkeley in 1875.  Blue represented the sky and gold the color of the precious metal found by forty-niners in the state's hills.  The Secretary of State began using blue and gold ribbons on official documents as early as 1913.  In 1951, the State Legislature passed legislation makign blue & gold the official state colors. This color scheme also has the advantage that there are lots of native plants with yellow & blue flowers © Project SOUND
  • 14. Trick # 2: Plant an evergreen background  Will look good/green all year long – and may also provide colorful flowers or fruits  Provides a backdrop for the real show – whatever you decide to plant in front of it  Can be one or several species – but all should be medium to dark green for best effect  Possible choices:  Toyon  Coffeeberry or Redberry – Rhamnus  Cercocarpus  Even non-native plants © Project SOUND http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html
  • 15. Remember: fruits/berries and leaves can be an excellent source of fall color Coffeeberry – Frangula (Rhamnus) californica Holly-leaf Cherry – Prunus illicifolia © Project SOUND
  • 16. If you don’t like the idea of a living backdrop, then use a dark or colorful wall/fence http://www.phillipoliver.net/0406scene2.jpg Remember, the goal is to ‘accent’ the colors of your plants © Project SOUND
  • 17. Trick # 3 : use hardscape for year-round color (even without plants) http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1035/1150078518_14c1fdc25f.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 18. One you have a backdrop, you’re ready to add some colorful shrubs © Project SOUND
  • 19. Some of our longest-flowering shrubs and perennials are in the sunflower family… http://image57.webshots.com/157/1/52/8/2588152080044943617JdrPNe_fs.jpg so we decide to use yellow as our primary color © Project SOUND
  • 20. CA Bush Sunflower – Encelia californica © Project SOUND
  • 21. Trick # 4 : extend the bloom season of some shrubs with judicious summer water  Choose only plants that can take summer water (Zone 2 to 3)  Water only as much as needed – over watering leads to disease, shortened life Plants from riparian and  Most S. CA native plants Sonoran Desert need a dormancy period in communities naturally late summer/fall – but some grow in late summer/ fall still bloom then – can be used for fall color © Project SOUND
  • 22. * San Diego Sunflower – Viguiera laciniata http://image57.webshots.com/157/1/52/8/2588152080044943617JdrPNe_fs.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 23. * San Diego Sunflower – Viguiera laciniata  Local endemic: San Diego Co. south to Baja/Sonora  Arid Diegan Sage Scrub is typically the preferred habitat of this species  Shrubby slopes at lower elevations http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1962,1963 Some believe this species should be Bahiopsis laciniata http://image38.webshots.com/38/0/77/98/2467077980044943617gnUeOB_fs.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 24. San Diego Sunflower – like Encelia but more delicate looking  Size:  1-3 ft tall  1-3 ft wide  Growth form:  Sub-shrub with woody base  Many herbaceous stems – mounded form  Evergreen to semi-deciduous  Foliage:  Medium green  Leaves hairy & resinous; coarsely toothed & fairly narrow © 2005 Aaron Schusteff © Project SOUND http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/sdpls/plants/Bahiopsis_laciniata.html
  • 25. Flowers are pure gold  Blooms:  May bloom year-round with a little water  Main bloom usually Jan- June  Flowers:  Typical sunflower head, but delicate looking – to 1” across  Color: bright golden yellow ray & disk flowers  Showy and cheery  Seeds:  Typical for sunflowers – eaten by birds & animals © 2005 Aaron Schusteff © Project SOUND
  • 26. Sunflowers are easy to propagate from seed  Use fresh seed  Most need no special treatment for good germination  Plant in late winter – like the rainwater  Seedlings are often quite hardy http://hazmac.biz/050725/050725ViguieraLaciniata.html © Project SOUND
  • 27. San Diego Sunflower  Soils: is easy to grow  Texture: just about any – sandy to clay  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part shade – probably best in full sun near the coast  Water:  Winter: adequate – but no standing water  Summer: occasional to regular water will keep it looking nice (Zone 2 to 3) – good for transition areas.  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils © 2005 Aaron Schusteff © Project SOUND
  • 28. San Diego Sunflower – lots of spring color  As an accent shrub – adds early color and keeps on blooming  Great on slopes and hillsides – soil stabilization http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html  Fine with native grasses, shrubs, annual wildflowers – choose nice color contrasts  Great addition to the habitat garden – attracts butterflies, other insects & http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2010/03/well-ill-be-bramble-green-hairstreak.html birds Bramble Green Hairstreak (Callophyrs dumetorum) © Project SOUND
  • 29. Viguiera parishii – a desert species http://www.azhikinggallery.com/galleryintro.asp?galleryid=spurcrossranch_042107  Full sun  Very well-drained soils  Low water (Zone 1-2) © Project SOUND http://www.delange.org/Viguiera/Viguiera.htm http://www.delange.org/Viguiera/Viguiera.htm
  • 30. Trick # 5: use ‘season extenders’ – shrubs with a long blooming season  Give a sense of continuity through the seasons  Get a lot of bang for your buck - and many are long-lived  Can be used as the ‘backbone’ of your color plan – use other plants as accents  Are often readily available in native plant nurseries/sales – they know what people want! © Project SOUND
  • 31. Trick # 6: use light/bright colors to add ‘light’ to dark areas – use light/dark contrast  Adds a cheerful note in winter & a cool note in summer  A little color goes a long way in dark areas of the garden © Project SOUND
  • 32. * Canyon Sunflower – Venegasia carpesioides © 2002 Lynn Watson © Project SOUND
  • 33. * Canyon Sunflower – Venegasia carpesioides  The single species of its genus  Found in Southwestern CA from central Ca to Baja  Locally in the Santa Monica, San Gabriel Mtns.  Shaded canyons, moist wooded slopes & stream banks in southern oak woodland, chaparral and coastal sage scrub below 3000' http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3320/3611899047_a65fb22e49.jpg?v=0 © Project SOUND http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/images/photos/native_plant_album/Venegasia%20carpesioides.JPG
  • 34. Canyon Sunflower is like a daintier, perennial version of the Annual Sunflower  Size:  3-5 ft tall  3-6 ft wide  Growth form:  Sub-shrub with a woody base  Shape mounded to irregular – think ‘chrysanthemum-like’  Drought deciduous  Foliage:  Bright to medium green – very woodsy looking  Leaves shaped like annual sunflower  Some think it has a disagreeable odor http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/venegasia-carpesioides © Project SOUND
  • 35. Flowers will light up the garden  Blooms:  Long bloom period – at least most of spring  Usually from Mar/Apr to June, then again in cooler fall http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Image:Venegasia_carpesioides_02.JPG  Flowers:  Lovely yellow sunflower heads  Large – ‘dahlia-like’ – 2” across  Color looks spectacular against bright green foliage or dark background  Attract many pollinators  Seeds: attract seed-eaters © 2004 Dr. Daniel L. Geiger © Project SOUND
  • 36. Canyon Sunflower  Soils:  Texture: very adaptable – clay is likes shade & water fine  pH: any local  Light:  Likes some shade altho’ OK in full sun  Excellent choice for high shade under tree, N side of structures  Water:  Winter: adequate  Summer: looks best with some water (Zone 2 to 2-3) but quite drought tolerant  Fertilizer: fine with an organic mulch  Other: prune back hard (like Encelia) © 2010 Anna Bennett after fall bloom period) © Project SOUND
  • 37. Canyon Sunflower solves some garden problems  One of our best choices for showy flowers in shady places – consider it for any dark area  Good choice for bank/slope stabilization - excellent for shady ‘creek banks’ – natural http://santabarbarahikes.com/flowers/index.php?action=show_item&id=37&search= or man-made  Great for rain gardens  ? Near the vegetable garden  Great with Melic Grass & shade-loving annuals like Chinese Houses, Baby Blue- eyes © Project SOUND http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Image:Venegasia_carpesioides_02.JPG
  • 38. Trick # 7 : use white foliage to give the illusion of color in any season © Project SOUND
  • 39. http://image42.webshots.com/42/1/15/68/2307115680044943617JstPeE_fs.jpg Viguiera laciniata, Diplacus puniceus, Diplacus aurantiacus, Encelia farinosa © Project SOUND
  • 40. Trick # 8 : Use fall-blooming shrubs/perennials for a boost of color in Sept-Oct  For yellow/white flowers consider:  Goldenbushes  Mock Heather  Rabbitbush  Coyote Bush  Goldenrods  Mulefat  For orange/red  CA Fuschia – several different colors  Buckwheat (seed heads) © Project SOUND
  • 41. Coast Goldenbush – Isocoma menziesii © Project SOUND
  • 42. Two Coastal Goldenbushes Coastal Goldenbush – Isocoma menziesii Sawtooth Goldenbush – Hazardia squarrosa  Similar growth habit and flowers; fall blooming (Aug-Oct)  Coast Goldenbush: foliage lighter; leaves rounder, softer,  Sawtooth Goldenbush: foliage stiffer, prickly © Project SOUND
  • 43. Goldenbushes are easy to grow in our area…  Soils:  Texture: any, even clay  pH: any, even alkali  Light: full sun best  Water:  Young plants: need some water to get going – plant in fall  Summer: little to moderate (Zone 2); looks better with occasional water  Fertilizer: none (although probably wouldn’t hurt it)  Other: even tolerates seaside Cut back yearly in the fall after conditions bloom © Project SOUND
  • 44. Yellow-flowered bush sunflowers can add color during nearly every season © Project SOUND
  • 45. Trick # 9: use masses of color – in selected areas, as accents Mother Nature’s garden:  Massed flowers used as accents – against a background of green or gold  Massed color is not required all year long – it’s often a seasonal treat http://www.flickr.com/photos/13828934@N00/3413979138/ © Project SOUND
  • 46. CA Prickly Phlox – Leptodactylon californicum J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database © Project SOUND
  • 47. CA Prickly Phlox – Leptodactylon californicum  Outer Coastal ranges from central CA to Orange Co  Locally in Santa Monica & San Gabriel Mtns  In scrub vegetation - Ceanothus cuneatus, Adenostema fasciculatum – usually on E. or W- facing slopes http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi- bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5654,5802,5803  AKA *Linanthus californicus http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/157072/ http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/leptodactylon-californicum © Project SOUND
  • 48. Prickly Phlox – the name says it all…  Size:  < 2 ft tall  1-2 ft wide  Growth form:  Drought-deciduous perennial sub-shrub  Mounded form  Foliage:  Bright green in spring/early summer  Very narrow, sharp leaves – esp. when dry – typical of the native phlox  Roots: deep & vigorous; use a large pot/planter © Project SOUND http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/157072/
  • 49. Flowers are magical…  Blooms: in spring - usually Mar- May in western L.A. Co.; about 1+ month  Flowers: http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/leptodactylon-californicum  Look like phlox or Vinca – very old-fashioned look  Color: usually pale magenta, but may be very pale pink – even white  Plant is covered with flowers – literally a mound of blooms  Sweet-musty scent in late afternoon-evening  Attracts many butterflies, hummingbirds & other insects © Project SOUND http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leptodactylon_californicum
  • 50. Phlox like it dry  Soils:  Texture: wide variety, but must be well-drained or roots will rot  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun  Water:  Winter: adequate  Summer: needs summer dry period after flowering – Zone 1 or 1-2  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: cut back the stems after flowering to keep is compact © 2009 Aaron Schusteff © Project SOUND
  • 51. Place Prickly Phlox wisely  As an attractive and interesting pot plant – move it during the ‘ugly phase’  In a rock garden – as in nature  Mixed with other obligate summer-dry species (Penstemons; native grasses; annuals) http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Leptodactylon_californicum.htm  Away from edges of paths, other traffic areas  Great for dry slopes – other ‘dry problem areas’ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leptodactylon_californicum © Project SOUND
  • 52. Trick # 10: consider using groundcovers or perennials for accent colors  Often have green foliage for a long period – especially with a little summer water  Can be used in conjunction with native bulbs or annual wildflowers  Some have masses of blooms (Erigeron glaucus)  Others have fewer – but lovely – flowers, fruit, leaves  Sometimes less can be more – the contrast of a lovely flower against green foliage © Project SOUND
  • 53. Sticky Cinquefoil – Potentilla glandulosa http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23900 © Project SOUND
  • 54. Sticky Cinquefoil – Potentilla glandulosa  A plant of the West  Much of CA except S. deserts & Great Central Valley  Dryish to moist, open places from seashore to timberline – http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/species/6/poteglan.htm many plant communities  Many ssp. proposed and/or accepted – quite variable and will no doubt change  Resembles California Horkelia enough to confuse and frustrate, especially when the plants are not flowering. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6824,6838 © Project SOUND
  • 55. Genus Potentilla  Annual, biennial or perennial herb  Somewhat resemble strawberries but usually having dry, inedible fruit (hence the name 'Barren Strawberry' for some species).  Leaves divided into leaflets arranged palmately like the fingers of a hand (3 – 15 leaflets).  Five-petalled flowers are borne over a long period of time from spring to summer.  The flowers are usually yellow, butcan be white, pinkish or red.  Potentilla species are used as food plants by larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) species.  Some species of Potentilla are grown as ornamental plants, while some are used in herbalism http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/florawe/species/6/poteglan.htm © Project SOUND
  • 56. Sticky Cinquefoil – like a large strawberry plant  Size:  1-2 ft tall  1-2 ft wide  Growth form:  Herbaceous perennial  Erect to tufted  Dies back to woody root in fall/winter  Foliage:  Medium green – very hairy & sticky  Pinnately compound leaves with 5-9 leaflets  Tea or tonic made from leaves © 2007 Michelle Cloud-Hughes © Project SOUND
  • 57. Flowers are usually yellow  Blooms:  Long bloom season – late spring through summer  Judicious summer water keeps it blooming May-Aug  Flowers:  Strawberry-like (or Horkelia-like)  Usually a bright yellow  Bloom pattern like strawberries  Good butterfly nectar plant © 2006 David McClurg  Vegetative reproduction: divisions in spring - easy © 2007 Michelle Cloud-Hughes © Project SOUND
  • 58. Cinquefoils are easy..  Soils:  Texture: just about any except very heavy clays  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun with regular water  Part-shade probably works best © 2007 California Native Plant Society  Water:  Winter: good winter rains  Summer: very adaptable – Zone 1-2 to 2-3; Zone 2 or more for long bloom season.  Fertilizer: not picky – would be fine with ½ strength fertilizer © 2007 Matt Below © Project SOUND
  • 59. Garden uses for Sticky Cinquefoil  As an attractive pot plant – grow like a strawberry  Nice addition to a rock garden http://www.thefloweringgarden.com/potentilla.htm – lush-looking with Sedums  Good in mixed groundcovers (with Yarrow, Strawberries)  Along paths and walkways  In a woodland garden  For streamside or bordering a lawn  In the herb garden © Project SOUND http://science.halleyhosting.com/nature/plants/5petal/rose/potentilla/glandulosagland.html
  • 60. Trick # 11 : you don’t need a lot of color at any one time – just some, strategically placed © Project SOUND
  • 61. Use annual wildflowers for spots of seasonal color  Spring-Summer are the peak annual wildflower seasons – most species bloom 2-4 weeks  Wide range of color, size, other characteristics – we are extremely lucky  Serial sowing can provide a long bloom season with some species  Clarkias & Gilias do well with serial sowing  Plant in 2-3 week intervals for color from spring to summer  Be sure that seedlings get enough summer water © Project SOUND
  • 62. Trick # 12 : use containers for seasonal color – the ‘color bowl’ trick  Allows you to showcase plants at their peak of flowering – and remove them during their resting season  Allows you to have your color up close – on patio or balcony  Allows you to use bulbs/corms while you are reproducing them – good for rare or http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TriteleiaSp expensive bulbs eciesThree  Works especially well for plants with requisite summer dry period – bulbs & annual wildflowers  Use a single species or mix – bulbs and contrasting color wildflowers are magical! © Project SOUND
  • 63. Ithuriel’s Spear – Triteleia laxa http://www.prod.bulbsonline.org/ibc/en/publiek/collection.jsf/Information/spring-blooming-bulbs/triteleia-laxa;jsessionid=AC136357DA08D01EBB6BF2ED0434206D © Project SOUND
  • 64. Ithuriel’s Spear – Triteleia laxa  Foothills of CA  Locally on Catalina Isl. & possibly in Hollywood Hills  Open forests, mixed conifer or foothill woodlands, grasslands on clay soils from sea level to ~ 6000 ft.  Common where it occurs  Highly variable – may be more than one species/ssp  Favorite garden ‘bulb’ for long time http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8655,8669 © Project SOUND http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242102032
  • 65. Ithuriel’s Spear in nature – clues to its use http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/Herb/curator/bidwell_park_03-30-05/Slopes_above_Day_Camp_3-30-05.htm © Project SOUND
  • 66. Ithuriel’s Spear: perennial from a corm  Size:  < 2 ft tall  < 2 ft wide  Growth form: http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/Herb/curator/bidwell_park_03-30- 05/Slopes_above_Day_Camp_3-30-05.htm  Perennial from a corm  Summer/fall dormant – dies back to the corm – typical of native bulbs  Foliage:  Rather wide, strap-like leaves  Medium-green  Often die back before flowering  Tip: protect foliage from snails/slugs © Project SOUND http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa
  • 67. Flowers are irresistible!  Blooms:  Late spring/early summer - usually Apr-June  Varies with rain & temperature  Flowers:  Clustered on tall (above native http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa grasses) naked stalk – kind of like Agapanthus  Flowers usually light blue to pale violet but may be dark violet to almost white  Funnel-shaped like Brodiaeas  favorite pollen and nectar source for bees & butterflies http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~sac1/images/ChambSchlising1.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 68. Growing native bulbs from bulbs/corms  Order from reputable sources  Far West Bulbs  Teleos Rare Bulbs  Rancho Santa Ana fall sale http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Triteleia_laxa_'Queen_Fabiola'  Bulbs usually shipped in fall – ready to plant  Easy – just plant about 4-6” deep (they will reach their own preferred depth within a year)  Will multiply – generally need to dig and replant every 3-4 years to keep them productive  This corm can be eaten raw or baked – protect from gophers, etc. © Project SOUND http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TriteleiaSpeciesThree
  • 69. Growing bulbs/corm plants from seed  Let pods/capsules dry on plant until they start to open; watch – may happen quickly  Generally quite easy with no Tracey Slotta @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database pre-treatment required for locally – northern/mountain grown may require 1 mo. cold- moist treatment  Sow in late fall in pots or tubs – you can even leave in the same pot for first 2 years  Takes 3-4 years for bulbs to be large enough for flowering http://tmousecmouse.blogspot.com/2009/10/seeds-and-cuttings-and-bulbs-and.html © Project SOUND
  • 70. Ithuriel’s Spear is one  Soils:  Texture: any but heaviest clays of our easiest bulbs  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to quite shady – best full sun to light shade  Fine under high trees  Water:  Winter: adequate while leaves are actively growing  Summer: start tapering off water when flowering stalks appear. Needs summer/fall rest – Zone 1  Fertilizer: none to light dose (in pots) http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TRLA16 © Project SOUND
  • 71. Versatile native bulbs & corms  Some of the best plants for pots/containers – pair with native annual wildflowers for a great show even on patios  Massed as an accent plant – http://www.notsogreenthumb.org/shows/chelsea_flower_show/chelsea_flower_show2003_page3.htm remember that they need summer/fall dry  With native grasses in a natural meadow or prairie – remember, our native prairies were not just grasses  In rock gardens or along paths  In pollinator/butterfly gardens © Project SOUND http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Triteleia_laxa
  • 72. ‘Queen Fabiola’  Available from native plant sources & Holland bulb companies  Large, intense blue flowers  Grows well in gardens http://www.americanmeadows.com/SpringFlowerBulbs/Others/Trite leiaQueenFabiolaFlowerBulbs.aspx http://www.marthastewart.com/plant/triteleia-laxa- queen-fabiola © Project SOUND
  • 73. ‘Corrina’  Violet flowers with violet- purple tips & veins  Very showy in early summer http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Triteleia_laxa_'Corrina' http://www.millergarden.org/garden/summer/summer-8.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 74. Trick # 13 : use color contrasts to make the most of available color http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Triteleia-laxa/ © Project SOUND
  • 75. Complementary colors  Are opposite on the color wheel  Have the most contrast http://www.fiber- images.com/Free_Things/Reference_Charts/color_wheel.ht m in hue (color) of any color combination  Make a bold graphic statement  Make the brighter hue seem to “advance”  Lively – seem to be constantly in motion http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/TEACH/floral/complements.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 76. * Harvest Brodiaea – Brodiaea elegans http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Brodiaea/Brodiaea_elegans_br3.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 77. * Harvest Brodiaea – Brodiaea elegans  S. OR to N. CA – San Francisco area as well as the foothills – perhaps also in S. CA (much taxonomic dispute)  Found on grassy slopes, gravelly prairies, and rocky bluffs overlooking the sea. http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8438,8446 © Project SOUND
  • 78. Brodiaea’s confusing taxonomy  First specimens collected by Archibald Menzies, botanist to the Vancouver Expedition, in 1792.  The first published reference in James Edward Smith's 1807 An introduction to physiological and systematical botany.  The taxonomists have been arguing ever since  Different current systems place the genus in three different families.  The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group place it in family Themidaceae.  Many other modern authors place it in the family Alliaceae.  Older but still widely used sources such as ITIS place the Triplet lilies in the family Liliaceae Gladys Lucille Smith © California Academy o  Brodiaea (or Brodeia) is also used as a common f Sciences name to refer to three genera, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, and Triteleia. The latter two genera were once included as part of the genus Brodiaea © Project SOUND
  • 80. Harvest Brodiaea – an elegant perennial  Size:  1-2 ft tall  1-2 ft wide  Growth form:  Herbaceous perennial from a corm  Dies back to corm in summer  Foliage:  Strap-like leaves  Usualy die back before flowering  Roots:  A small corm http://www.phytoimages.siu.edu/taxpage/0 © Project SOUND /0/79/binomial/Brodiaea%20elegans.html
  • 81. Flowers are sweetly old-fashioned  Blooms:  usually in late spring/early summer – after the grasses have turned dry http://www.hillkeep.ca/bulbs%20brodiaea.htm  May-June in our area  Flowers:  Usually pale violet – may be darker or lighter – seem to glow when contrasted with golden grasses or CA Poppies  Very attractive open funnel- form  Good for cut flowers  Seeds:  Small dark seeds http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL © Project SOUND
  • 82. Harvest Brodiaea:  Soils: easy to please  Texture: best in heavy clay soils  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part-shade  Water:  Winter: needs good moisture when leaves are growing – storing nutrients for next year © 2009 Terry Dye  Summer: cut down water as flowering winds down – dry after that.  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: may need to provide support; thin corms every 3-4 years – when flowers become smaller © Project SOUND http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BREL
  • 83. Brodiaea – easy color for the garden  Excellent color when massed – really spectacular for 3-4 weeks  In native prairie/grassland plantings – take your cues from Mother Nature http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Brodiaea  As an attractive pot plant – pair SpeciesOne with Clarkias or Red Maids  Along walkways  In a rock garden  In those ‘small, difficult to water’ areas with Penstemons, native grasses © Project SOUND
  • 84. © 2005 Steven Thorsted  Design tip: Bulbs are invisible 6 months of the year, so place them around existing shrubs, perennials, and bunchgrasses which will command interest when the bulbs go dormant. © Project SOUND
  • 85.  Maintenance tip: In early summer, remove the dried stalks for neatness. Be sure to collect the seeds for propagation or for trading. © Project SOUND
  • 86. Tip # 14 : make your own ‘sequence of bloom’ calendar  Note color periods for flowering/ fruiting plants in your garden – do this over several years. You’ll find it fascinating & useful.  If your results differ greatly from our plant information sheets, let me know – I’ll revise the sheets © Project SOUND
  • 87. ‘Some of the most reliable plants in my garden are California native bulbs. They bring seasonal color and variety to the garden, and give it a sense of place (“This is California!”) and a sense of time: they are the markers of spring glory.’ © Project SOUND
  • 88. Tip # 14 : make your own ‘sequence of bloom’ calendar  Visit local native plant gardens/ preserves throughout the year – bring your camera & notebook  Visit native plant nurseries at times when your garden needs a little color – see what’s blooming © Project SOUND
  • 89. Trick # 15 : use selected non-native species that are compatible with natives  Ones that have special meaning for you  Ones with colors/bloom times not available in natives  Just be sure they are compatible:  Color palette  Garden requirements:  Water  Soil type  Fertilizer © Project SOUND
  • 90. Trick # 16 : learn from Mother Nature – relax and enjoy the differences from year to year  No two years will be exactly alike – rain, temperature & other factors influence timing/extent of flowering  Relax – you don’t need to have ‘oceans of color’ all the time  Try to correlate differences in bloom calendar with weather patterns, garden conditions, etc. This may be important information as we meet climate change conditions http://www.rizreyes.com/Triteleia_Corrina.html © Project SOUND
  • 91. 16 tricks for year-round color in a ‘New S. California Garden’ 1. Choose a workable color scheme 2. Plant an evergreen background 3. Use hardscape for year-round color 4. Extend the bloom season with judicious summer water 5. Use ‘season extenders’ as backbone plants 6. Use light/bright flowers to add ‘light’ to dark areas 7. Use silver/white foliage to give the illusion of color 8. Use fall-blooming shrubs/perennials for a boost of color in Sept-Oct © Project SOUND
  • 92. 16 tricks for year-round color in a ‘New S. California Garden’ 9. Use masses of color – in selected areas, as accents 10. Consider using groundcovers or perennials for accent colors 11. You don’t need a lot of color at any one time – just enough, strategically placed 12. Use containers for seasonal color 13. Use color contrasts to make the most of available color 14. Create a ‘sequence of bloom’ calendar for your garden 15. Use selected non-native species to fill in ‘gaps’ 16. Relax and enjoy the differences from year to year © Project SOUND
  • 93. Let’s go see some May color © Project SOUND