26. Tim O'Reilly & Eric Raymond A group of people including Eric Raymond and Tim O'Reilly came together and started using the term open source instead of free software. Many people now use the terms separately, or the combined term free and open source software , abbreviated as FOSS .
Analyst and Metaphysician, Founder of Scientific Computing 'ADA' programming language named in her honour by US Dept. of Defense in 1979
Intended successor to Difference Engine
Ada's notes were 3 times length of original article Bernoulli numbers are used (e.g.) in Fermat's last theorem
Women working on punch cards were called 'computers' Punch cards used for the US census
profit was originally from hardware no hardware standardization, so early programmers encouraged to improve and share no compilers or interpreters, so programmes not portable - no use on competitor machines
can't protect software by code from hackers - they love to crack it copyright of ideas is what geeks are fighting software is nebulous - can be rebuilt and look the same to the user, can't be finally fixed
AI Lab, MIT late 70s-80s resigns because of non-sharing software installs forms FSF
compliers and interpreters allow portable source code Universities retain software sharing as the best option
What do you mean, you don't count from zero? Programmers do!
sharing spirit of the web - 'view source' You can still use your browser to view the source code of any web page, plus any included code like Javascript or CSS
most volunteer programmers don't care about the licence they just want to solve a problem and work together
Stallman would like it to be called GNU/Linux GNU = GNU's Not Unix (actually Unix-like, but not ht original Unix from AT&T )
Linux a reimplementation of Unix Torvalds got there before Stallman BSD has similar licence, but not passed on in derivatives so can be used in proprietary systems e.g. used as core of Mac OS X
Oracle and MSoft beginning to work with Open Source software Msoft wants to increase cooperation between SuSE Linux and Windows
see CPAN (hundreds of Perl modules), Sourceforge.net (loads of Open Source)
Much Open Source is programming-based, but there are several successful desktop software applications