Presentation by Dr Joyce Mitti from FAO Zimbabwe, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa

1. Joyce MulilaMitti
Plant Production and Protection Officer
FAO, SFS
Technical Planning Meeting of the CTA Regional Workshop
Johannesburg, South Africa
FAO support for CSA programming; experiences and
innovations from Southern Africa

2. Presentation Content
 Key climate challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and FAO
actions
 FAO programming in Africa-CSA
 CSA in Southern Africa
 The CASU Farmer Input Voucher Management
system (FIVMS)

3. Key climate challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Temperature rising: By 2050, average temperatures in Africa are predicted to increase by
1.5 to 3°C (IPCC 2007).
 Ecosystems modification: By the 2080s, the proportion of arid and semi-arid lands in
Africa is likely to increase by 5-8%.
 Rainfall decline: Annual rainfall is likely to decrease. In the tropical rain-forest zone,
declines in mean annual precipitation of around 4% in West Africa, 3% in North Congo and
2% in South Congo for the period 1960 to 1998.
 Droughts occurrence: Droughts have become more common, especially in the tropics
and subtropics, since the 1970s.
 Water shortage: By 2020, a population of between 75 and 250 million and 350-600 million
by 2050, are projected to be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change.
 Agriculture:
By 2020, in some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by
up to 50%.
Agricultural production, including access to food, in many African countries is
projected to be severely compromised, further adversely affecting food security
and exacerbating malnutrition.
New pests and disease risks: increase in incidences and severity

4. Sustainability increases
farm productivity and
income
Strengthening resilience to
climate change and
variability
Reduce agriculture’s
contribution to climate change
-greenhouse gas emissions
+carbon storage on farmlands
Enhances the achievement of national food security and
development goals
Rio+20
United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development
UNCCD World Food
Summit
MDGs
Convention on
Biological Diversity
United Nations
Framework Convention
on Climate Change
CSA-a triple win approach
Source: FAO, 2010

5. SO5
Increase the resilience of
livelihoods to threats and
crises
SO1
Eradicate hunger, food
insecurity and
malnutrition
SO2
Increase and improve
provision of goods and
services from agriculture,
forestry and fisheries in a
sustainable manner
SO4
Enable more inclusive and
efficient food and
agricultural systems at
local, national and
international levels
SO3
Reduce rural poverty
Global Goal
Reduction of hunger and
malnutrition
Sustainable management of
natural resources
Elimination of poverty through
economics and social progress
Climate Smart Agriculture
Strategic objectives
CSA-a cross cutting issue in FAO strategic
planning

6. FAO-Actions
• Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture
• Knowledge-emissions, mitigation potentials
• Pilots of mitigation payments
www.fao.org/climatechange/micca
• an organization-wide framework program,
• provides general guidance and introduces principles as well as
priority themes,
• actions and implementation support to FAO’s activities for climate
change adaptation
www.fao.org/climatechange/fao-adapt
• The UN-REDD Programme is a collaborative partnership between FAO,
UNDP and the UNEP
• Supports countries to develop their capacity to reduce emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and implement a future
REDD+ mechanism
www.fao.org/climatechange/unredd

7. FAO-Actions cont…
FAO EX-ACT (EX-
Ante Carbon
balance Tool)
FAO Framework
Programme:
Disaster Risk
reduction
• It seeks to strengthen national and international actions on forests and
climate change adaptation and mitigation.
• raises awareness, strengthens technical capacities, creates enabling
policy environments for action and encourages cross- sectoral and
landscape approaches
www.fao.org/forestry/climatechange
• It is a tool developed by FAO to provide ex-ante estimations of the
impact of agriculture and forestry development projects on greenhouse
gas emissions and carbon sequestration
www.fao.org/tc/exact
• It builds on existing DRR initiatives, good practices and technical
capacities.
• It proposes longer-term time frames and encourages a programmatic
and people centered approach to address DRR for food and nutrition
security.

8. FAO-Actions cont…
FAO’s Fisheries and
Aquaculture Climate
Change Programme
Economics & Policy
Innovations for CSA
(EPIC)
• develop and support global, regional and local climate change
action partnerships
• building the knowledge base
• Identification and promotion of mitigation and adaptation
strategies
• capacity building
• technical and policy assistance to countries to establish climate-
smart agricultural systems
• Work with national policy and research partners

9. • Crop Production System
• Livestock Production efficiency and Resilience
• Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Integrated System:
– Urban and peri-urban agriculture
– Diversified and Integrated Food-Energy Systems
CSA on Farming System and Practices-FAO

10. FAO programming in Africa
FAO and Climate Change
First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

11. FAO programming in Africa- CSA
Country Support
 Mainstreaming: Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies
– Overall NAP support programme led by HQ on assisting member countries ensuring
adequate agriculture issues are integrated in national adaptation planning process
(NAPAs).
– Support for NAMAs development in line with national sustainable development
priorities (as dairy NAMA development in Kenya)
 Impact assessment: Assessing the impacts of climate change on agriculture and
food security
 Capacity Building: Enhancing national and local capacities in agriculture, livestock,
forestry and fisheries for disaster risk reduction, climate risk management and
climate change adaptation
 regular support to the UNFCCC LDC expert group for training and exchange of
information during regular workshops for francophone and Anglophone countries.
First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

12. FAO programming in Africa- CSA
Knowledge Management and sharing
• Communication and awareness raising:
• Under the Regional Initiative planned support on CSA and policy dialogue
on CSA approach.
• Sharing with global and regional forums:
– Global Forum for Climate Smart Agriculture: Global forum to
stimulate accelerated scaling up of CSA and thereby facilitating food
security and agriculture initiatives
– Africa Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance: Unique and innovative
partnership led by the NEPAD Agency and five International NGOs (CRS,
Concern, CARE, WV, Oxfam) with technical support by FAO, FARA,
CCAFS and FANRPAN
First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

13. FAO programming in Africa- CSA
Technology Transfer
• More sustainable cropping, livestock, forestry and fisheries management systems linking
the need for increased agricultural production with environmental concerns as well as
climate change adaptation and mitigation.
– Conservation Agriculture (CA)
– Promotion of sustainable rangeland and forage management
– Irrigation modernization
– Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the ecosystem approach to fisheries and
aquaculture
– Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure and inlands wetlands
– NEPAD ‐FAO and Smartfish program to boost sustainable fisheries development in Africa &
improve standard of living of fishers
– Strengthening capacity for Climate Change Adaptation in Land and Water management (Kenya,
Tanzania, Ethiopia, West Africa)
– Forests, Rangelands and Climate Change Adaptation in Southern Africa
First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

14. CSA in Southern Africa- Some Global, Regional and
National Projects
EPIC Project:
Climate Smart Agriculture: Capturing Synergies Mitigation, Adaptation, Food Security
Countries: Malawi, Vietnam and Zambia
Focus: Holistic and context-specific approaches to food security, adaptation, mitigation to understand
synergies/trade-offs and barriers to adoption of CSA practices.
Provide support for policy, institutional, strategic and investment frameworks to promote sustainable
agricultural development and food security under climate change.

15. The Conservation Agriculture Working
Group for SA
 Established in 2007 to coordinate technical support for CA
scaling up in Africa
 Responsible for support of establishment of CA Task
Forces in countries in Southern Africa
 Membership includes CGIARs, NGOs, Private sector as
key stakeholders
 Evolved to encompass CSA in the broad sense
 Establishment of the same concept in East Africa
 Provides support for Resource Mobilisation to national
Task Forces.

16. CSA in Southern Africa- Some Projects………
COMESA-EAC-SADC Programme on Climate change Adaptation and Mitigation in the
Eastern and Southern Africa
• FAO collaboration includes:
• the formulation of specific investment programmes on CSA in the framework of CAADP NAIPs.
• the establishment and expansion of CA coordination and promotion platforms.
• the in-situ assessment of CA models at country level and scaling up of best practices.
• a regional synthesis of the status of CA and sharing among partners.
• the development of suitable dissemination materials to enhance adaption of climate resilient
practices on a larger scale.
• the integration of HIV, gender and nutrition in project activities.
• the development of a common robust Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system.
• A five year programme on climate change adaptation
and mitigation in COMESA-EAC-SADC Region.
• Aims to address the impact of climate change

17. CSA in Southern Africa- Some Projects………
Conservation Agriculture Scaling Up (CASU) in Zambia
• 4 year project (2013-2017)
• Aims to address problem of low crop production and productivity which are exacerbated
by degradation of soils, high input prices, poor markets and poor farming practices.
• CASU follows 3 consecutive support interventions of farmer Input Support response
Initiative (FISRI) projects funded by EU, implemented by FAO in partnership with MAL
• expanding the adoption of CA and building capacity of MAL staff in CA
implementation.
• Expected results of the projects:
• CA expanded and consolidated
• CA skills improved (farmers and extension staff)
• CA farmer input and output supply chain improved
• Land management improved and gender issues mainstreamed.

18. The CASU Farmer Input Voucher Management system
(FIVMS)
 The CASU FIVMS is an efficient and cost-effective mechanism for Lead
Farmers
 to access various agricultural inputs of their choice
 to train Fellow Follower Farmers and do advocacy work under the project.
 It provides a sustainable solution to farmers to access high quality agricultural
inputs.

19. Elements of FIVMS
Electronic Vouchers: enable appropriate and effective targeting for specific
inputs to targeted beneficiaries at given times
Safe and secure Smart Cards: with highly secured farmer records and
identification for due diligence in beneficiary identification
Portable Point of Sale (POS): devices operating a customised catalogue of
agricultural inputs meeting specified technical standards
A secure online integrated database of beneficiaries and vouchers, allowing
real time monitoring of suppliers and Agro-dealers
FIVMS cont….

20. Process of voucher redemption
 Requirement: Agro-dealers need to hook the POS to functional WIFI, 3G or LAN
Internet in order to perform the redeeming function described above.
FIVMS cont….
Step 1: Physical Identification
• Beneficiary farmer presents CASU input redeeming card together with ID to a CASU registered Agro-dealer who
proceeds to use on the POS after matching card and ID
Step 2: Electronic Verification
• Agro-dealer taps input-redeeming card on the POS with farmer entering ID number and PIN number to confirm
credentials; once matched farmer is presented with the agricultural input catalogue.
Step 3: Input selection
• Farmer selects inputs of choice (cereal, legumes, equipment, chemicals etc) specifying quantity and type.
• Selection is submitted in system by agro-dealer to confirm with allocated inputs. Redemption is verified.
Step 4: Confirmation of redemption
• Once farmer completes redemption, the system confirms and prints a receipt in duplicate for farmer and agro-
dealer

21. FIVMS strengthens the following aspects of voucher program
 Due diligence in identification of beneficiaries targeted for input support.
 Centralized and harmonized record keeping of beneficiary transactions.
 Accountability, transparency and segregation of responsibilities among the
various stakeholders by clear access controls and accountability framework.
 Adherence to technical standards and specifications of the agricultural inputs.
 Ensuring price efficiency and stabilisation, and availability of agricultural inputs
commensurate with effective demand and input quality.
FIVMS cont….

22. Key advantages
 Agricultural input marketing oriented
 Cost effectiveness
 Increased reliability and efficiency
 Enhanced security
 Simplicity: easy to use graphics
 Real time monitoring and tracking
FIVMS cont….

23. THANK YOU