This document provides a summary of recent developments in open access publishing. It discusses motivations for open access like increasing access and promoting reproducible research. It outlines key aspects of open access like different models of open access publishing and who pays publication fees. It also summarizes milestones in open access like the development of open access policies and funds. Recent initiatives discussed include petitions to support open access and new models of peer review and publishing.
Reshaping the world of scholarly communication by Dr. Usha Munshi
Open Access 101
1. Open Access 101
An oversimplified, aggressively abbreviated
overview and summary of recent
developments
Claire Stewart
Josh Honn
John Blosser
Open Access Week 2012
October 25, 2012
Center for Scholarly Communication & Digital Curation
Northwestern University
2. A Realistic Goal?
In 10 years, a scientist
will be able to
incorporate 30% more
papers into their thinking
than they can today in
the same amount of time
Neil M. Thakur, Special Assistant to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Deputy Director for Extramural Research, Berlin 9 presentation
5. Why Open Access?
• Pricing
• Democratizing access
• Promoting reproducible and efficient
research
• Computing across the literature to yield new
insights, promote discovery, collaboration
6. Serials pricing
"The Resources and Technical Services Division
of the American Library Association has created
the Subcommittee on Serials Pricing Issues to
gather and disseminate statistics and other data
on the rising costs of journals to libraries,
perhaps the greatest concern among
academic libraries today."
Issue 1, ALA/RTSD Newsletter on Serials Pricing Issues, 1989
(emphasis added)
8. Democratizing access
"In today’s information age, where essentially
anything said by anyone can be made accessible
within a matter of moments, it is unfortunate that
families have easy access to all BUT the most
scientifically valid information, that which can be
found in scientifically reviewed research literature."
Sophia Colamarino, Vice President for Research, Autism Speaks
Testimony, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Hearing
on Public Access to Federally Funded Research, July 29, 2010
9. Reproducible and efficient research
Reproducibility initiative
https://www.scienceexchange.com/reproducibility
12. Brief (and oversimplified)
digression: how scholarly journal
publishing works
1. Authors write articles for free
2. Other qualified researchers review them for
free
3. Publishers publish them
a. Traditional publishers charge a fee to read
b. Open Access publishers don't, but might charge a
fee to authors
13. Key players in the ecosystem
Authors and researchers
Editorial boards
Scholarly societies
Universities
Publishers
Libraries
Repositories
Funders
Policy makers
Readers and the general public!
14. What is Open Access?
Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online,
free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
A very brief introduction to Open Access
Peter Suber
15. What is 'Real' open access?
Green versus gold
Self-archived or immediate OA from publisher
(when and what)
Gratis versus libre
Free to read or free to reuse
(what rights)
16. Who pays for (Gold) OA?
Free is free: some (many) are free to authors
and to readers
For those that are NOT free to authors:
submission charges, article processing
charges (APC), page charges
o NIH, NSF, HHMI, others will allow publishing costs
to be charged to grants
o OA funds. We don't have one at NU (should we?),
some universities do.
o Author personal funds
17. Hybrid Open Access
Author pays APC
to make single
article available:
immediate OA
Subscription required to access entire issue/run; rights to reuse
vary -- see
A crowdsourced survey of 'open access' publishers, publications, licenses and fe
and SHERPA/RoMEO's paid option list
28. August 2006, editorial board
of the mathematics journal
Topology resign en masse,
citing concerns about
Elsevier's pricing policies.
29. Editorial board resignations and alt
journals
Not always a transition to Open Access! many
moved from big commercials to University
Presses
(Portal: Muse/JHU; Journal of Topology:
LMS/Oxford, etc.)
1989 - present, spike around 2003
Source: Journal declarations of independence (OAD)
30. Journals that converted from Toll Access to Open Access
from the Open Access Directory (OAD)
31. Declarations and principles
• Budapest: February 2002,
reaffirmed and expanded September 2012
• Bethesda: April 2003. Definitions and
statements of principle
• Berlin: October 2003
• Open Access Scholarly Publishers
Association (OASPA): 2008,
Code of Conduct
38. from Laakso, M., & Björk, B.-C. (2012). Anatomy of open access publishing: a study of longitudinal
development and internal structure. BMC Medicine, 10(1), 124. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-124
40. Petition to the White House
https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/require-free-access-over-internet-scientific-journal-articles-arising-taxpayer-funded-research/wDX82FLQ
41. EU & UK recent developments
• PEER report June 2012: no evidence that self-archiving
harms publishing
• EU signals intention to support full OA in Horizon 2020
research programme
• Finch report, commissioned by UK science minister
David Willetts July 2012, strong support for Gold, and
diversion of public funds to support it. (lots of criticism
that Finch got some basic stuff wrong)
• Research Councils UK mandate based on Finch
recommendations:
o favors Green, embargo of no more than 6 months for science,
12months for other, CC-BY-NC or better
o if Gold (even hybrid) is available instead, must choose it. Govt will pay
via block grants to unis, but no embargo and CC-BY required
42. MLA and AHA
June 2012: • Concedes that there are
significant problems with the
"The revised agreements leave current ecosystem, growing
copyright with the authors and problems of inequitable access
explicitly permit authors to deposit and rising cost
in open-access repositories and
post on personal or departmental • Voices concern about the
Web sites the versions of their emergence of APC model and
manuscripts accepted for recommendations of the Finch
publication." report
• Sciences v humanities/SS
• Exchanging one set of cost
Text of the MLA statement inequalities for another?
Text of the AHA statement
44. On sharing data: "Open your minds and share your results" by Geoffrey
Boulton, emeritus professor of Geology of the University of Edinburgh and
chair of a Royal Society committee that authored the June 2012 report
"Science as an open enterprise"
45. Peer review+OA experiments continue: F1000 Research open access
and post-publication peer review, Modern Language Association's MLA
Commons for pre-publication peer review and publishing platform for
scholarship in new formats
48. Image credits, additional citations
Unless otherwise indicated, quotes, screenshots, images and other materials are the intellectual
property of the referenced persons or organizations, and are reproduced here according to
section 107 fair use principles of the United States Copyright Law, title 17 U.S. Code. This
presentation is intended for educational and research use only; any additional use of these
materials may be subject to additional restrictions and/or require the permission of the copyright
holder.
• 'A realistic goal?' and 'A new role for scientific publishing'
Thakur, N. M. (2011, November 8). Open access as a path to increased scientific productivity.
Presented at the Berlin 9 conference, Bethesda MD. Retrieved from
http://www.berlin9.org/bm~doc/berlin9-thakur.pdf
• 'Democratizing access' photograph from Berlin 9 speaker page and Autism Speaks logo from
Autism Speaks web page
• 'What is Open Access?' Thorpe, Lilian. Photo of Peter Suber by Lilian Thorpe. Taken in
Brooksville, Maine, November 25, 2009. Work found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peter-
Suber8.jpg / http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• 'e-biomed and PubMed Central' photo of Harold Varmus from Columbia University news
49. All original material in this presentation is
(c) 2012
by
John Blosser, Josh Honn and Claire Stewart
this work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
(CC BY 3.0)