Presentation of a case study investigation of a frack event linked to impacts on a residential water well. Presentation stresses the importance of collecting the proper data for the targeted analysis of frack fluid components and ensuring that data is interpreted correctly as to not mis-lead the investigation.
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Tighter shale-gas exploration rules recommended http://www.calgaryherald.com/technology/Tighter+shale+explor...
April 3, 2012
Tighter shale-gas exploration rules recommended
โFracking,โ a technique in which water, sand and
chemicals are pumped underground to break apart
natural gas-rich shale, has drawn criticism in the U.S. and
Quebec.
Photograph by: Julia Schmalz , Bloomberg News ๏ฌle photo
QUEBEC โ A committee named by Quebec Environment Minister Pierre Arcand to determine whether shale gas can be
extracted while respecting the environment released plans Tuesday for further study and recommended the minister not
authorize hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, even for research purposes.
Arcand, in announcing the strategic environmental assessment last May, had said fracking would be allowed for research
purposes.
Committee chair Robert Joly said in his report that Quebec could rely on laboratory experiments on fracking.
He announced the committee would order several more studies with a deadline of next spring.
He said the ๏ฌnal report would be completed sometime in 2013.
Joly reported that the committee learned a lot from public hearings held from November 2011 to January 2012 and said
there would be further hearings, targeted at speci๏ฌc sectors including agriculture.
Postmedia News April 3, 2012
Committee members would also travel to Alberta and British Columbia, and to -Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York where
there are also shale-gas deposits.
ยฉ Copyright (c) The Montreal Gazette
7 of 18 12-04-07 8:42 AM
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Quebec bans any fracking pending studies
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February 6, 2012
Most Canadians oppose natural-gas 'fracking'
In B.C., 67 per cent support moratorium on controversial extraction method
in shale deposits
By Natalie Stechyson, Postmedia News February 6, 2012
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December 12, 2011
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The majority of Canadians and a strong majority of British Columbians oppose hydraulic fracturing - better known as
"fracking" - and would sup-port a moratorium on the natural gas extraction method, a poll reveals.
Encana slams EPAโs Wyoming fracking finding
The Environics Research poll, commissioned by the Council of Canadians, found that 62 per cent of the Canadians polled
supported a moratorium on all fracking for natural gas until all environmental reviews are complete.
B.C. residents, at 67 per cent, were most likely to support a moratorium on fracking. B.C. was followed by Atlantic Canada,
where 66 per of those polled supported a moratorium, then Ontario (65 per cent), Manitoba/Saskatchewan (64 per cent),
Alberta (57 per cent) and Quebec (55 per cent).
6. Dealing with Landowner Claims
โข Landowners with
O&G knowledge
can take advantage
โข Guilty until proven
innocent
โข Insufficient data
and lack of
information on
fluids is problematic
7. Methods for Identifying Fluids
โข Frack fluids are complex!
โข Over 1000 compounds identified in fluid
below
โข Analyzed by GC-TOF-MS
QuEChERS Extract
Few OHโs
Sulfurโs
Courtesy of Frank Dorman PhD,
Penn State University
Aliphatics, OHโs, esters, COOHโs, etcโฆ Liquid/Liquid Extract
Heavier OHโs
Mid OHโs
Sulfur
8. Case Study
โข November โ baseline water well sampling
โข January โ CBM well drilling completed
โข February โ fracking begins (1.4 km away from
landownerโs home)
โข Early March โ fracking complete
โข End of March โ residential water complaint
9. Case Study
โข June to July โ client hired consultant to
collect water samples for analysis
โ Eight โuntargetedโ sampling events
โ Routine analysis โ CBM package
โ Some samples sent to Health Unit for
analysis
โ July โ fibrous (non-soluble) material
reported in water โ sent to a petrology
lab
10. Results from Preliminary Work
โข Toluene found in water well
โข Several exceedances of
โnaturalโ components
โ Turbidity, TDS, Total Fe,
Total Mn, Na
โข White fibrous material
identified as:
โTRIOXANE!โ
Symptoms: (includes breakdown into formaldehyde)
Nausea Vomiting Headaches Dizziness Pain in mouth Difficulty Urinating
Convulsions Coma Genotoxic Fetotoxic Death
11. Case Study
โข July โ preliminary results
reported to landowner and
regulators
โข August โ brought onto case,
might go legal
โข August โ regulator involvement
begins
Letโs Review
13. Data Review
โข Fibrous material
Trioxane
cannot be Trioxane MW: 90.08 g/mol
Solubility: 17.2 g/100 mL
โข Solubility too high White crystalline solid
Inherent toxicity
14. Data Review
โข Petrology lab should not be
determining source
โ XRD/XES not specific enough
โ Used elemental identification
โข Trioxane dissolves in acid and base,
this material did not
16 % Quartz
84 % Trioxane
= ( )n
Polyacetal by FTIR
15. Developed a More Formalized
Approach
โข Routine analysis does not help for
frack fluids
โข What should be looked for?
โ Look at MSDS and find target
compounds
โข Determined an approach
โ Legal sample water wells and surface
water
โ Camera for well integrity & well cleaning
โ Legal sampling water wells and surface
water
16. Useless MSDS Information
Use
Frack Fluid 1
Frack Fluid 2
โข Frack company not very forth coming
โข Assured us that they do not use
Trioxane
โข Relunctantly supplied samples
17. Determining Analytical Program
and Results of Investigation
Product Name Ingredients % Related Analysis Water Sample Results
Product 1 Proprietary Unknown Alkanolamine Not Detected
Trade
Potassium Metaborate Secr Routine water chemistry No Indication of Impact
et
Product 2
Potassium Hydroxide 0.1 to 25 Routine water chemistry No Indication of Impact
Ethylene Glycol 0.1 to 25 Glycol screen Not Detected
No hazardous materials are contained in
Product 3 Unknown N/A N/A
this product
Secondary Alcohol Proprietary Alcohol screen Not Detected
VOCs / TEHs/ Mineral Oil and
Essential Oils Proprietary Not Detected
Grease
Alcohols Proprietary Alcohol screen Not Detected
Product 4
Low levels of toluene detected in
Alkyl Alkoxylate Proprietary VOCs / TEHs main well, source identified (next
slide)
Organic Polyol Proprietary Glycol / Alcohol screen Not Detected
Routine CBM
Routine Water Chemistry, BTEX, No Concern, stable pre and post
Testing
N/A N/A F1-F2, Coliforms, Metals, PAHโs conditions
/Additional
Dissolved Polyacetal and Trioxane Trioxane not detected
Parameters
18. Legal Sampling
โข Legal sampling important
โข Data can stand scrutiny
of litigation proceedings
(if necessary)
โข Process documents
integrity of sampling
procedures as well as of
the samples
19. Sampling Events
โข Regulators wanted to take
independent samples to analyze
themselves
โข Sampling over long weekend,
regulator left landowner with sample
bottles!!
โข Legally defensible?
20. Field Notes & Documentation
Experimental Procedure
โข 200mL of HPLC water and ~2.0g of tape, were
โข Field notes
sonicated together for 1 hour โข Observations from
โข 5mL of the tape extracts was analyzed for BTEX experiment
โข Using the exact tape mass, the concentration of
toluene was calculated to be 290 mg/kg
21. Conclusions
โข Investigations can go sideways
quickly โ hire the right consultant to
take to completion
โข Frack fluid composition needs to be
available to client
โข Analyze for appropriate, targeted
analytes
โ Routine parameters not sufficient
โ Target most soluble, most mobile, and
highest concentration components
22. Conclusions
โข Trioxane was a polymer, likely the
pump breaking down
โข Toluene from electrical tape on pump
โข No constituents from frack fluids
detected in water samples
โข Remaining analytes within normal
limits
โ Better characterization of well water
would have helped
23. Results
โข Too much โbadโ data
โข Timing of poor water quality still
coincidence to fracking?
โข Settled with landowners