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Reducing Global Threats through
Innovative Science and Technology
Charting Global Security’s Future at Los Alamos
William S. Rees, Jr., Principal Associate Director for Global Security
National Nuclear Security
                Administration
    Mission: Strengthen national security through the military
     application of nuclear energy and by reducing the global
     threat from terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.

 Vision: To be an integrated nuclear security enterprise operating
 an efficient and agile nuclear weapons complex that is recognized
 as preeminent in technical leadership and program management.




     Los Alamos National Laboratory
     Mission: Develop and apply science and technology to—
       Ensure the safety, security and reliability of the U.S.
       nuclear deterrent • Reduce global threats • Solve
           other emerging national security challenges

Vision: We will anticipate, innovate and deliver science that matters.




                    Global Security
 Mission: To provide early identification, creative maturation and
timely delivery of scientifically robust solutions to the most urgent
   and technically challenging security issues facing our Nation.

           Vision: Globally reduce threats to the security
                of the United States and our allies.

    Strategy: Utilizing our unparalleled people and capabilities,
    we will leverage our long history of national security service
       from knowledge discovery to knowledge exploitation.

           Values: The Nation • Our People • Scientific
           Excellence • Commitment to Our Customer
Global Security
               Exploiting Science Discoveries
                         to Make the World a Safer Place

                                       “I am honored to be selected to lead this new organization representing the future of the
                                    Laboratory and anticipate working together with the talented scientists at LANL to address
                                    significant National challenges in areas ranging from cyber and energy security to countering
                                                  the tactics of terrorism and the threats of weapons of mass effects.”

                                                  William S. Rees, Jr., Principal Associate Director for Global Security



“Making the world a safer           the security challenges           the necessary deep technical       of numerous international
place” is an enduring               facing the Nation have been       insight into an undecided          locations around the globe,
challenge, which Los                trending annually upward          future for which they must         undecided LANL scientists
Alamos National Laboratory          at an increasing rate. In this    prepare. LANL also has a           have led international efforts
(LANL) has been addressing          environment, the Laboratory       reputation for delivering          in nuclear non-proliferation.
since its inception.                created the new position of       the technology necessary to
                                    Principal Associate Director      respond effectively to signifi-    Exploiting scientific discover-
Los Alamos is a laboratory          for Global Security. The          cant threats of broad scope.       ies in magnetic resonance,
with a long, and justifiably        world in which we live is                                            LANL researchers devel-
proud, history of science not       tumultuous and uncertain,         In areas broad and deep, the       oped the MagViz technol-
simply for the sake of itself,      with threats ranging from         nation has called on LANL          ogy, which can detect liquid
but devoted to the most             the inconvenient to the           scientists to deliver. They have   explosive volumes as small
pressing issues of national         unthinkable. Security in such     heard the call and responded       as one milliliter in less than
security. For the initial several   a world demands the fullest       in a timely and robust man-        one minute. Image what
decades of its existence, the       attention of the most talented    ner. From the earliest ques-       this breakthrough capability
mission was predominately           citizens from all segments        tions of how far advanced the      will do for harried airport
dedicated to topics closely         of society. LANL has a            Axis Powers were in nuclear        passengers who must transit
related to nuclear weapons.         special technical leadership      weapons research in the days       through long security lines.
That component has remained         role to fulfill in this regard.   immediately following the
the laboratory’s core mission,                                        close of WW II to the con-         To help deployed American
albeit consistently augmented       Los Alamos has the people,        temporary world events of the      warfighters, LANL devel-
by other tasks for the past         tools, and facilities to give     International Atomic Energy        oped AngelFire, a system
20 years. At the same time,         national-level policymakers       Agency (IAEA) monitoring           that enables users to observe



                                                                                                                                          1
real-time activities in the field   The technology underpin-           an enduring basis with no
and identify areas of spe-          ning Green Grid also has seen      specific public recognition
cific interest. Fielded in Iraq,    use in real-world national         [nor anticipation that it will
AngelFire has saved American        security events covered by the     be forthcoming]. This docu-
lives while maintaining the         Department of Homeland             ment presents an outline for
nation’s force effectiveness.       Security and the Depart-           how we will pursue this core
                                    ment of Defense. These             mission of the Lab. LANL’s
Green Grid is a LANL-led            are but a few of the recent        end goal endures: Making
project that defines the abil-      accomplishments of LANL            the World a Safer Place.
ity of the current electric         staff in Global Security.


                                                                                     . Rees, Jr.
transmission and distribution


                                                                           William S
system to accommodate the           I am fully committed to
influx of energy from alter-        the critical role of LANL
native sources such as wind.        in the US national security
This technology offers the          mission and to the highly
possibility of lowering the         talented scientists that execute
monthly electrical bills of         some of our Nation’s most
users—a boon to the quality         challenging technical as-
of life for many Americans.         signments. They work on




                                        “The Laboratory’s role is to anticipate, innovate and deliver to meet a broad range of
                                      national security challenges. These challenges include maintaining the effectiveness of the
                                      national nuclear deterrent, supporting the nation’s nonproliferation and threat reduction
                                       priorities, and addressing emerging national security issues with urgency and agility.”

                                                                  Michael Anastasio, LANL Director
                                                                  “Building the Future of Los Alamos”




2
Leveraging Our Legacy
               Science and Technology for a More Secure World
In early 1943, a group of scien-     Smaller states have risen to          • Information systems, which        •    Provide the U.S. Navy
tists arrived at an isolated place   challenge the superpowers—              range from the most advanced           with safe and effective
known as Los Alamos. These           such states show a willingness          supercomputers to American             nuclear-propulsion plants.
scientists were the first members    to expend whatever national or          desktop computers, many
of what was known as Project         individual costs are necessary          of which are connected            •    Promote international
Y, tasked with harnessing the        to rapidly buy their way into           to a global Internet.                  nuclear safety and
awesome power of the atom            recognized military might by                                                   nonproliferation.
to bring an end to the ongo-         acquiring nuclear, chemical,          • American warfighters, who
ing destruction of World War         biological, and explosive weapons       must be supported with            •    Reduce global dan-
II. In addition to this daunting     of mass destruction (WMD)               the best, most rugged, and             ger from weapons of
task, some of these scientists       and mass effect (WME).                  most effective equipment               mass destruction.
also followed American troops                                                and technology to maximize
                                                                             their chances of success          • Support U.S. leadership in
into Germany, their mission to       The stability of some of these
                                                                             and minimize their vulner-          science and technology.
assess the state and capabilities    states is questionable, and some
of Hitler’s nuclear programs.        may have links to terrorist             abilities while on the physical
                                                                                                               As a national security laboratory,
                                     groups and hostile subnational          and virtual battlefields.
                                                                                                               LANL supports all of NNSA’s
As the nation moves into the         organizations. Terrorist groups                                           national security missions.
early parts of the 21st century,     seek WMD/WME technolo-                • Energy resources, which
                                                                             have become increasingly          Specifically, Los Alamos develops
new national security challenges     gies and have demonstrated                                                and applies science, technology,
continue to emerge. Continu-         sophisticated operational and           expensive and whose acqui-
                                                                             sition and use can pose a         and engineering solutions to
ing its long history of national     logistical capabilities that stress
service, LANL will build upon        counterterrorism efforts.               threat to the environment
                                                                                                               • ensure the safety, secu-
its legacy to discover and apply                                             and contribute to global
                                                                                                                 rity, and reliability of the
advanced science and technology      The United States has effective         upheaval from competition.
                                                                                                                 U.S. nuclear deterrent;
to meet the most challenging and     countermeasures to (1) prevent
urgent national security issues.     the proliferation of WMD/                                                 • reduce global threats; and
                                     WME, (2) counter the use              Defining LANL’s
                                     of such technologies, and (3)         Global Security                     • solve emerging national
National Security                    combat terrorism. However,                                                  security challenges.
                                     these countermeasures are             Mission
Needs of the                         themselves vulnerable. With                                               At its highest level, LANL
                                                                                                               emphasizes a fundamental under-
21st Century                         its extensive experience and
                                     expertise in science and technol-
                                                                           Established by the U.S. Con-
                                                                           gress in 2000 as a separate         standing of materials, actinide
                                     ogy, LANL is in a strong position     agency within the Depart-           science, and radiation-material
The fall of the Soviet Union,                                                                                  interactions. LANL’s approach
                                     to minimize vulnerabilities to        ment of Energy, the National
the end of the Cold War, and                                                                                   to predictive science integrates
                                     the following national assets:        Nuclear Security Administra-
the expansion of democracy                                                                                     theory, simulation, modeling,
                                                                           tion (NNSA) has the following
around the world have seen the                                                                                 and complex experimentation.
                                     • The nation’s space-systems          national security missions:
emergence of a host of pressing                                                                                Key Los Alamos differentiators
                                       infrastructure, which has
national security issues obscured                                                                              as a national security science
                                       long been used as the high          •   Enhance national security
by the superpower standoff that                                                                                laboratory include the following:
                                       ground for ubiquitous                   through the military appli-
characterized the end of the last
                                       monitoring of the globe                 cation of nuclear energy.
century. The proliferation of                                                                                  • Integrated solutions deliv-
                                       and to provide many of the
nuclear-weapon technologies is                                             •   Maintain and enhance              ered on a short schedule.
                                       benefits of modern-day life.
a proven fact, one that requires                                               the U.S. nuclear weap-
far-reaching actions to limit and                                              ons stockpile.                  • Long-term commitment to
counter over the long-term.                                                                                      technical excellence, integrity,
                                                                                                                 and innovation across a wide
                                                                                                                 range of science, technol-
                                                                                                                 ogy, and engineering.




                                                                                                                                                 3
• Effective and efficient response   • Actinide and radiochemi-          LANL’s legacy includes              scientifically robust solutions
  to urgent national priorities.       cal science and technology        national security programs          to the nation’s most urgent and
                                       programs and facilities.          in areas outside the nuclear        technically challenging security
• Ability to conduct com-                                                weapons program. Such pro-          issues. To carry out this mission,
  plex experiments.                  • High-explosives synthesis         grams include the following:        Los Alamos will (1) draw on its
                                       and testing capabilities.                                             unparalleled people and capabili-
• Broad and deep intellectual                                            • nonproliferation,                 ties, (2) leverage its long history
  capability for the future.         • Programs in space science and                                         of national security service, (3)
                                       remote-sensing applications.      • nuclear material charac-          fully apply all capabilities found
• Inherently high-security                                                 terization and forensics,         in its multidisciplinary base, and
  environments for conduct-          • Nuclear detection
                                                                                                             (4) create short- and long-term
  ing classified work.                 technologies.                     • space sciences,                   relations with national security
                                     • Membership in the intel-                                              clients and stakeholders. Specific
                                                                         • remote sensing,
Los Alamos                             ligence community through                                             objectives are as follows:
                                       a Field Intelligence Ele-         • Department of
Legacy and Core                        ment that specializes in            Defense programs,                 • Serve as an integrating
                                                                                                               national security science
Capabilities                           nuclear- and foreign-state
                                       intelligence analysis.            • intelligence commu-                 Laboratory for the nation.
                                                                           nity programs, and
LANL is unique in that it            • Assets related to deploy-                                             • Integrate across government
possesses a group of specific          able response.                    • emergency response.                 to transcend barriers that
technical capabilities and                                                                                     have been erected over time.
facilities at one secure location.   • Deployed technical support        All these areas are underpinned
These capabilities and facili-         to the U.S. government and        by LANL’s broad capabili-           • Drive exploitation of sci-
ties include the following:            international agencies.           ties in the physical sciences,        entific discovery to ensure
                                                                         materials, engineering, and           the nation’s continued
• NNSA’s consolidated                LANL’s national security            information sciences.                 technical superiority.
  plutonium Research and             expertise was founded as a result
  Development (R&D) and              of the nation’s nuclear weapons                                         • Protect vital national
  manufacturing capabilities,        program. Even today, that legacy    LANL’s Global                         security secrets.
  including stocks of reconfigu-     remains strong at LANL. As the
  rable special nuclear materials.   nation’s weapons program seeks      Security Strategy                   • Provide in-depth technical
                                                                                                               advice to national policy
                                     a new size and definition, Los
• Roadrunner, the world’s                                                LANL’s global security mission        makers on a broad range of
                                     Alamos is working to identify
  fastest supercomputer.                                                 is straightforward: Provide early     national security topics.
                                     other national security clients
                                     who will provide long-term          identification, creative matura-
• A large-scale predictive           stewardship of the facilities and   tion, and timely delivery of
  modeling capability.               capabilities essential to meeting
                                     their national security needs.
• One of only two centers for
  nuclear weapons design.




4
To implement this strategy,         • Countering Terrorist Tactics
LANL is focusing on nine
areas that directly tie its core    • Countering Weap-
capabilities to national needs.       ons of Mass Effect
These nine areas are as follows:
                                    • Event Response
• Nuclear Nonproliferation
                                    • Resilient Global Infrastructure
• Cyber Systems
                                    The sections that follow out-
• Space Systems                     line these nine areas, with each
                                    section describing LANL’s
• Intelligence Analysis, Integra-   core capabilities and possible
  tion, and Exploitation            opportunities for meeting future
                                    global security challenges of
• Warfighter Support                interest to the United States.




  “As the role of nuclear weapons in our Nation’s defense evolves and the threats to national
   security continue to grow, the focus of [the NNSA] enterprise must also change and place
  its tremendous intellectual capacity and unique facilities in the service of addressing other
                            challenges related to national defense.”

                   –NNSA Administrator Thomas D’Agostino, May 13, 2009




                                                                                                  5
Global Security Focus Area
                              Nuclear Nonproliferation
The proliferation of nuclear         • safeguards in nuclear process-     Opportunities                          •	 Strengthening the Nonpro-
weapons, either by nation-states       ing or storage facilities;                                                   liferation Regime: President
or terrorist groups, poses one                                            LANL will pursue the follow-              Obama announced initia-
of the greatest national security    • arms control, denuclear-           ing nonproliferation oppor-               tives such as strengthening
threats to the United States.          ization, and nuclear test          tunities, which are based on              the nonproliferation treaty
                                       treaty verification;               recent multiyear trends and               and support for an interna-
Since the Manhattan Project,                                              announced priorities for the              tional fuel bank to discourage
LANL has served as the national      • space systems for research         Obama Administration:                     countries from pursuing an
leader in addressing the threat        and treaty monitoring;                                                       independent nuclear-fuel-
posed by nuclear proliferation.                                           •	 Arms Control and Treaty                cycle capability. Expansion
From conducting intelligence         • detection of nuclear                  Verification: President                of nuclear power world-
analyses of the Japanese and Ger-      materials in transit (e.g.,           Obama recently announced               wide will drive demand for
man nuclear weapons programs           portal monitors); and                 his intention to pursue a              LANL-based capabilities.
during World War II to inventing                                             START follow-on treaty
the technical basis for nuclear      • characterization of threat            with the Russians, ratify the       •	 Nonproliferation Research and
safeguards, LANL has garnered          objects in an emergency               Comprehensive Nuclear-                 Development: In addition to
an excellent record conceiv-           response scenario.                    Test-Ban Treaty, and pursue            supplying technologies to the
ing and executing successful                                                 a fissile material cutoff treaty.      NNSA, LANL will diver-
nonproliferation programs.           Because most nuclear nonpro-            LANL supports these and                sify its capabilities to meet
                                     liferation mission areas require        other initiatives, such as             synergistic national security
LANL’s goal is to continue to        the capability to extract and           the Proliferation Security             needs, such as detecting (1)
serve as a trusted source that       understand varying types of             Initiative and the Global              plutonium production, (2)
always provides the best technical   information, LANL develops              Initiative to Combat Nuclear           highly enriched uranium
advice to the nation with respect    tools to conduct event detection        Terrorism, both of which are           production, and (3) special
to nonproliferation efforts.         and characterization, feature           expected to remain priori-             nuclear materials movement
                                     extraction, evidence marshalling,       ties for this administration.          and weaponization, as well
                                     and data mining. Computing
Core Capabilities                    and weapons capabilities are also
                                     used throughout nuclear non-
The science and technology           proliferation programs, as well        “We must ensure that terrorists never acquire a nuclear
capabilities used for the nuclear    as core capabilities in fuel-cycle
nonproliferation mission leverage    expertise and nonproliferation         weapon. This is the most immediate and extreme threat
LANL’s cutting-edge science and      policy. LANL also has in place         to global security . . . we must act with a sense of purpose
technology and are deployed in       extensive training programs so
the real world to solve specific     that scientists and engineers can                              without delay.”
national security problems. A        share their knowledge, skills, and
given technical discipline may       expertise with the wider nuclear          –President Barack Obama, April 5, 2009, Prague
exist in several LANL capabili-      nonproliferation community.
ties because requirements vary
greatly between application
areas and deployment scenarios.
Thus, nuclear detection tech-
nologies are used in the following
LANL core capability areas:




6
as safeguards and recovery or     and Second Line of Defense/
  replacement of radiological       Megaports programs, both
  sources. Enabling technologies    of which support the Presi-
  include advanced detector         dent’s announced intention
  materials; nuclear facility       to “secure all vulnerable
  remote sensing; simulations,      nuclear material around the
  algorithms, and modeling;         world within four years”;
  and signatures and observables    and (4) advanced security
  of nuclear processes. Several     technologies. LANL will also
  capabilities also apply to        continue its leadership role
  greenhouse gas monitoring,        in NNSA-sponsored nuclear
  and LANL is actively pursuing     nonproliferation technical
  opportunities in this arena.      work with India and China.

•	 Other Programs: LANL will
   continue to foster programs
   in areas such as (1) worldwide
   technology deployment (e.g.,
   Megaports); (2) domestic
   production of low-enriched-
   uranium nuclear reactor fuel
   and medical isotopes (such as
   Mo99); (3) Material Protec-
   tion Control and Accounting




                                                                   7
Global Security Focus Area
                              Cyber Systems
Cyber exploitation examples             consequences, and the             • Secure Data Systems: LANL        • a novel cross-disciplinary
continue to be reported more            potential costs and benefits of     scientists are researching an      focus (e.g., exploiting non-
frequently, becoming more               hypothetical interventions.         environment in which data          traditional techniques).
sophisticated and targeted. In                                              are secure with provenance
2008, such exploitation pos-          • Detection-Based Defenses:           and access controls embed-       This plan is illustrated through
sibly cost the United States            These defenses reduce human         ded in the digital fabric,       initiatives in several topic
more than $1 trillion in intel-         error and respond to events         active data wardens, and         areas in which various science
lectual property. As connectiv-         at network speeds. Such             cloud-based virtual desktops     and technology capabilities
ity grows between information           defenses include robust             for stateless thin clients.      are combined to create new
systems, the Internet, and other        algorithms, real-time policy                                         meta-capabilities in particular
infrastructures, the greater the        control engines, automated                                           application areas with potentially
chance for cyber attackers to           network reconfiguration           Opportunities                      different uses for several custom-
disrupt telecommunications,             and quarantine, advanced                                             ers. The following are examples:
electrical power, energy pipelines,     modeling and simulation,          By matching LANL techni-
refineries, financial networks,         and modern information            cal capabilities with national     • Automated Detection and
and other critical infrastructure.      science and risk theory.          needs, cyber systems will become     Response: The future of cyber
                                                                          one of the signature programs        defense, these self-defending
                                      • Rapid-Response Cyber              in the Global Security (GS)          systems respond to attacks at
Core Capabilities                       Security Analysis and Tool        program. This proposed plan          the speed at which they occur
                                        Development: Capabilities         consists of three elements:          rather than the slower speed
LANL has always been at the             include malware/intrusion                                              of human understanding and
forefront of cyber security,            analysis and reverse engi-        • coordinated R&D and                intervention. LANL expertise
beginning with the incident that        neering, vulnerability              operational thrusts,               in rapid intrusion analysis and
popularized the term “hacker”           analysis/penetration test-                                             response, reverse engineering,
for illegal computer activity back      ing, and situational-specific     • mutually informing offensive       tool building, automation,
in 1983. Core capabilities in           technology and immediately          and defensive activities, and      and data analytics provide
this area include the following:        deployable solutions.

• Large-Scale, High-Resolution        • Untappable Communication
  Modeling and Simulation:              on Untrustworthy Chan-                 “We expect disruptive cyber activities to be the norm in
  Such modeling and simula-             nels: Technologies include
  tion leads to virtual test beds       quantum key distribution and          future political or military conflicts. We cannot afford to
  and architectural defenses            quantum-enabled, security-             discover successful cyber intrusions after-the-fact, accept
  that enable uncertainty               integrated, single-photon and
  quantification, the calculation       optical communications.                disastrous losses, and then seek merely to contain them.”
  of nonintuitive unintended
                                                                                 –Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence,
                                                                                               February 12, 2009




8
“turnkey” solutions and            • Core Weapons-Related
  deployed teams. To push fur-         Missions. LANL under-
  ther the envelope in the ability     stands that the following
  to detect cyber attacks, LANL        next-generation systems will
  continues to work in detection       be more sensitive to cyber
  and inference by using graph         attack: nuclear command
  theory, statistics, modeling,        and control systems, nuclear
  surveillance, and profiling.         material management and
                                       transit, communications for
• Participate in the National          deployed counter-terror activi-
  SCADA Test Bed, NM                   ties and incident responders,
  Green Grid Initiative, and           and facility safeguards and
  Related Programs. Such               related activities. For example,
  efforts constitute a promi-          unattended “smart fences”
  nent new multidisciplinary           are vulnerable to cyber attack
  focus for LANL. To advance           because their seismic, optical,
  the state of the art from            or other types of electronic
  component-level security to          surveillance are coupled
  system-scale robustness and          with automated data collec-
  resilience, LANL will merge          tion, analysis, and alerting.
  its extensive cyber expertise
  with its deep understanding
  of power systems, leading-
  edge computer science, and
  formal specifications.




                                                                          9
Global Security Focus Area
                                Space Systems
For approximately 45 years,           • Developed more than 1,400             nology for orbiting satellites     – Leveraging space-based
LANL has engaged in space               sensors and 400 instruments           to detect, report, locate, and       nuclear detonation detec-
projects with applications that         for 60 satellites and spacecraft.     identify nuclear explosions.         tion resources and tech-
range from fundamental science                                                Opportunities in this area           nology to support space
and military functions to com-        • Designed revolutionary                include the following:               environment monitoring,
mercial and civilian activities.        optical, radiofrequency,                                                   provide enhanced space
LANL scientists have conducted          gamma, x-ray, particle, and           – Conducting space-                  situational awareness, and
advanced research in areas such         space environmental sensors.            based nuclear detona-              realize synergies with oth-
as astrophysics, planetary science,                                             tion detection.                    er government programs.
space physics, and earth sciences     • Possess unrivaled advanced
such as climate research. LANL          high-performance comput-              – Meeting current and              – Applying space-based
technology has far-reaching             ing and knowledge systems.              evolving nuclear non-              nuclear treaty verification
applications. For example, it was                                               proliferation mission              science and technolo-
the Los Alamos neutron detector       • Perform physics-based                   requirements by devel-             gies to the challenge of
system that discovered water on         modeling and analysis.                  oping, delivering, and             climate treaty monitor-
Mars and LANL’s lightweight                                                     certifying x-ray and               ing and verification.
radioisotope heater units that        • Conduct concept-to-                     radiofrequency Satellite
prevent the Spirit and Opportu-         operations multidisciplinary            Nuclear Detonation De-         •	 Remote-Sensing Capabilities:
nity rovers from freezing during        programs.                               tection (SNDD) instru-            Remote-sensing technology
frigid (-107°C) Martian nights.                                                 ments for GPS Block IIF,          enables the United States to
                                      • Apply unique high-power                 IIIA, and future blocks.          monitor a variety of nuclear
                                        beams and electrodynamics                                                 nonproliferation activities
Core Capabilities                       expertise and infrastructure          – Developing, delivering,           that range from the mining of
                                        to develop revolutionary                and certifying neutron-           uranium to the construction
LANL has expertise in sci-              capabilities in space opera-            gamma SNDD instru-                of clandestine underground
ences such as astrophysics, space       tions, imaging, and control.            ment systems for selected         facilities. LANL will continue
science, ionospheric science,                                                   geosynchronous hosts.             to develop advanced capa-
atmospheric science, remote           • Offer multisponsor partner-
sensing, electrodynamics, and           ing and collaboration.
space technology and engineer-
ing. Broader disciplines include
high-performance computing,           Opportunities                         “The Obama Administration and Congress have a singular
advanced knowledge tools, mate-
rial science, and systems research    •	 Space-Based Nuclear Deto-           opportunity to ensure that America remains a preeminent
that support our space enterprise.       nation Detection Program:
Specific experience and exper-           Established during the 1960s,      space-faring nation over the coming decades. The rest of the
tise includes the following:             this program develops tech-          world is watching, and my hope is that we step up to the
                                                                                                     challenge.”

                                                                            –U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, chairwoman of the Space and
                                                                                   Aeronautics Subcommittee, August 17, 2009




10
bilities that can confidently        – Reconnaissance: Pro-
  infer specific details regarding       vide revolutionary
  the activities, operations, or         image characteriza-
  characteristics of a potential         tion of space objects.
  nuclear proliferation threat
  where the exact location is          – Intelligence: Distinguish
  unknown or access is denied.           and resolve natural and
                                         manmade anomalies
•	 Space Situational Awareness           much more quickly.
   (SAA): SSA consists of the
   integration and analysis of         – Environment: Protect as-
   space surveillance, recon-            sets by providing accurate
   naissance, intelligence,              and timely assessment
   environmental monitoring,             and course-of-action
   and cyber information. Such           recommendation.
   integration and analysis
   enable scientists to understand   •	 Civilian Space Science: LANL
   manmade and natural threats          will remain among the most
   to the nation’s space systems.       highly regarded space science
   Los Alamos has the opportu-          programs in the nation, con-
   nity to deliver revolutionary        ducting fundamental research
   solutions to components              in astrophysics, remote sens-
   of the SAA problem:                  ing, planetary science, space
                                        physics, and space technology.
  – Surveillance: Enhance
    flight safety with im-
    proved and cost-effec-
    tive space tracking.




                                                                         11
Global Security Focus Area
        Intelligence Analysis, Integration, and Exploitation
LANL has worked with the              nically challenging security           and effectively combat threats     problem by enabling LANL
intelligence community since          issues facing our nation—such          to the national security           to technically direct a project,
World War II, when Los Alamos         science-based solutions will           of the United States.              oversee procurements, manage
scientists assessed the state and     enable the intelligence commu-                                            subcontracts, and provide sys-
capabilities of Germany’s nuclear     nity to accomplish its missions     • Applying on a global scale          tem solutions to the customer.
program. Today, LANL serves as        with minimal risk to the life         modeling and simulation tools
a national resource across all 16     and limb of the nation’s agents,      to natural and manmade disas-     • LANL’s Federally Funded
intelligence agencies, as well as     soldiers, allies, and the public.     ters, utility infrastructures,      Research and Development
for the Department of Defense                                               social networks, and cyber          Center enables the intelli-
and other government agencies.                                              threats. The emphasis remains       gence community to instantly
                                      Core Capabilities                     on predicting and optimizing        access Los Alamos resources.
LANL continues to develop                                                   the response to said threats.       In selected areas, LANL has
trusted relationships and             LANL has more than 60 years                                               dedicated facilities and teams
consistently deliver high-qual-       of resources available in nearly    Distinct capabilities in-             of people that respond imme-
ity products. Once a customer         every technical discipline. Under   clude the following:                  diately to emerging problems
provides LANL with a problem,         authority of Executive Orders                                             whenever the need arises.
LANL scientists develop turnkey       and Intelligence Community          • As a member of the field
solutions by establishing strategic   Directives, Los Alamos provides       intelligence element, LANL
partnerships with other labora-       the intelligence community with       pioneered the ability for a       Opportunities
tories, businesses, and academic      access to LANL technology,            national laboratory to func-
institutions. As a “trusted agent,”   including hardware, software,         tion as an executive agency       As one of two nuclear weapons
LANL finds and oversee the            technical analysis, forensics,        on behalf of an intelligence      design laboratories, LANL can
delivery of the best solutions pos-   modeling and simulation, spe-         community agency. When            leverage its expertise and experi-
sible. Los Alamos also continues      cialized techniques, and advice       executed, this agreement sub-     ence to (1) analyze foreign weap-
to monitor, assess, and report on     and consultation. Key capabili-       stantially reduces the burden     ons, (2) assess improvised nuclear
the nuclear weapons programs          ties include the following:           on an intelligence community      weapons, (3) conduct real-time
in established and emerging                                                 sponsor to solve a particular     reach-back during crises, and (4)
states, as well as the interests of   • Assessing, monitoring, and
subnational organizations in            countering the capabilities
improvised nuclear weapons.             of proliferant nations.

GS’s mission is to provide early      • Providing specialized, high-
identification, creative matura-        technology tools (hardware,          “[The President] understands that preventing terrorists
tion, and timely delivery of            software, or procedures) to        from slaughtering the innocent sometimes requires making
scientifically robust solutions         the intelligence community
to the most urgent and tech-            so that it can more quickly          very difficult decisions—deployment of military forces,
                                                                          authorization of sensitive intelligence activities, the handling
                                                                          and disposition of terrorists that we capture and detain, and
                                                                          the policies we make and the measures we take to protect our
                                                                                                    homeland.”

                                                                            –John Brennan, Assistant to the President for Homeland
                                                                                Security and Counterterrorism, August 6, 2009




12
analyze other enabling tech-        • Lead Rapid-Response
nologies. Key areas of emerging       Organization: As a result
emphasis include the following:       of investments made by the
                                      Department of Energy, other
• Analysis of Emerging                sponsors, and LANL itself,
  Technologies: LANL has              Los Alamos has in place facili-
  broad technical experience,         ties and processes to support
  a worldwide reputation for          quick-reaction-capability
  high-quality science and tech-      or turnkey projects to the
  nology, and a large population      intelligence community.
  of post-docs and visiting           Repurposing LANL facilities
  scientists. Thus, Los Alamos        (by reusing former weapons-
  is an ideal place for analyz-       program facilities) will enable
  ing emerging technologies.          Los Alamos to greatly expand
                                      the number and diversity of
• Materials Science: LANL has         customers that it can support.
  expertise in new materials and      Such infrastructure projects
  fabrication techniques for          are a shared responsibility
  detectors, sensors, micro-          between NNSA and the
  electronics, and structural         U.S. government, both of
  components. LANL has                which use the capabilities
  demonstrated that it can            of GS within the broader
  easily support the intelligence     national security arena.
  community in many areas that
  involve designing special-
  purpose materials and fielding
  unique sensors and detectors.




                                                                        13
Global Security Focus Area
                               Warfighter Support
The ever-evolving battlefield         Core Capabilities                       the modern warfighter’s needs      will continue to build upon
means that American soldiers                                                  in an ever-changing envi-          such systems and couple them
must be equally at ease using sat-    Since its creation in 1943,             ronment. LANL’s weapons            with advanced information,
ellite-guided weapons as they are     LANL has been at the forefront          mission continues to provide       visual analytics, and intel-
on donkeys while flushing adver-      in providing the Department                                                ligence systems to create an
saries out of caves. This landscape   of Defense and its subordinate          – an exceptionally strong          extensive situational awareness
requires that the United States       organizations with high-leverage,         foundation in offensive          and decision-support system.
be able to insert warfighters         game-changing technology. As              and defensive appli-
anywhere in the world at a mo-        part of its core weapons mission,         cations of informa-            •	 Materials Science: LANL
ment’s notice—and sometimes           Los Alamos has developed broad            tion technologies,                scientists will continue work
bring them back without anyone        and unique fabrication capabili-                                            in nanotechnology by apply-
having known they were there.         ties, materials-science depth, and      – the development of                ing LANL’s ultra-strong
                                      processes and systems designed            specialized munitions             carbon nanotube reinforced
Modern threats range from the         to address warfighter needs in an         and energetic materials,          fibers to a broad range of
physical (such as roadside and        environment that preserves the                                              applications, from advanced
suicide bombs) to the electronic      element of surprise. Key capa-          – modeling and simula-              aircraft to bulletproof vests.
(such as nonstate actors using        bilities include the following:           tion of complex phe-              Researchers will apply their
satellite communication systems                                                 nomena and events at              fundamental understanding
and exploiting the Internet to        •	 Nuclear Weapons: LANL                  a global scale, and               of the physics of materials
advance military goals). Indeed,         serves as the design and                                                 to develop new, lighter, and
the globalization of technol-            certification agency for key         – directed-energy                   more effective equipment.
ogy has emboldened adversaries           nuclear weapons and has a              applications.                     LANL will also build on its
to challenge America’s air and           Presidentially mandated role                                             energetic materials to provide
space superiority, as well as its        in national nuclear deterrence.                                          specialized munitions and
superiority in C4ISR (com-                                                  Opportunities                         will expand its successful
mand, control, communications,        •	 National Security: The extent                                            Skunk Works Initiative.
computers, intelligence, surveil-        of such collaborations is delib-   Key opportunities in this
lance, and reconnaissance) and           erately kept secret to provide     area include the following:        •	 Advanced Sensors and
force projection. Now more than          America’s warfighters with                                               Detectors: LANL’s Remote
ever, LANL must partner with             maximum advantage. LANL’s          •	 Warfighter Safety: For             Ultra-Low Light Imaging
the Department of Defense to re-         core strength is housed in a          example, the Los Alamos            System can create three-
spond successfully to future glob-       uniquely fundamental and              AngelFire system enables           dimensional images of targets
al challenges through technical          multidisciplinary science and         the real-time surveillance of      under an overcast sky on a
innovation and delivery of game-         technology foundation from            an area of engagement, thus        moonless night. Building
changing capabilities to modern          which scientists and engineers        providing early warning to         upon work in neural systems
warfighters and planners alike.          deliver solutions that meet           America’s warfighters. LANL        and advanced sensors, LANL




14
will continue to develop and          light response and very deep
  deploy advanced systems.              magazines that require only
  These advanced systems will           electrical power to operate.
  include, for example, families
  of sensors of different modali-    •	 Alternative Energy Sources:
  ties that are integrated in such      America’s military is the larg-
  a manner as to provide greater        est single consumer of energy
  confidence and flexibility            in the world—three-quarters
  than a single spectral sensor.        of such energy is in the form
                                        of oil. LANL will continue to
•	 Beam Physics and High-               explore alternative forms of
   Power Accelerator Technology:        energy, such as novel biomass
   LANL is working closely              conversion processes that can
   with numerous Department             provide energy from readily
   of Defense organizations             available sources such as algae.
   to develop radiofrequency            LANL will also continue to
   and free-electron laser-             leverage its extensive materi-
   directed energy systems and          als expertise to develop new
   advanced high-resolution             battery-storage systems. With
   radar/sensor systems. Such           respect to nuclear energy,
   systems can counter highly           Los Alamos will work to
   asymmetric threats that put          develop a new generation
   our military forces (such            of small, special-purpose
   as aircraft carriers) at risk.       nuclear reactors and power
   Directed-energy systems have         generators designed to sup-
   the advantage of speed-of-           port the military complex.




                                                                           15
Global Security Focus Area
                             Countering Terrorist Tactics
As a tactic used by domestic        Core Capabilities                    • Long-Range Analyses: LANL             Opportunities
and foreign actors, terrorism                                              has an energetic materials
has precipitated the need for       Since its inception, LANL has          training program that includes        The following are opportuni-
advanced technologies to detect,    successfully delivered end-of-sys-     technical reach-back and              ties to anticipate, characterize,
deter, and respond to non-state-    tem solutions for time-sensitive       emerging threat analysis; IED         and track emerging threats:
sponsored hostile actions against   national security problems. Los        (improvised explosive device)
the United States. Although         Alamos can effectively lever-          detection, defeat, and threat-        • Information Handling and
terrorist attacks may involve       age the knowledge, capability,         monitoring programs; and                Sharing: Information can only
conventional weapons, many          and technological advancement          the data-fusion and analyses            be shared once it is gleaned
tactics involve asymmetric forms    achieved from supporting a di-         tools (such as the Integrated           from data. LANL will apply
of warfare, from unconventional     verse programmatic portfolio in        Knowledge Engine (IKE))                 its extensive expertise in high-
weapons such as shoe bombs          order to conduct emerging threat       to effectively predict threat           performance computing and
and human carriers of explosive     prediction, as well as provide         probability. Monitoring and             manipulating and reducing
materials or infectious agents to   effective deterrence, prediction,      predictive forecasting of ter-          massive data sets. Los Alamos
divergent forms of attack such      countermeasure development,            rorist activities is facilitated by     will couple both capabilities
as tainted food supplies, cyber     surveillance, and real-time re-        LANL’s emerging cyberspace              with the knowledge engine
attacks, and hijacked airplanes.    sponse. As an established trusted      expertise and capabilities.             and simulation tools devel-
                                    agent, LANL will facilitate the                                                oped for the Weapons and
Deterrence and response to          dissemination of emerging threat     • Tagging, Tracking, and                  Homeland Security Infra-
these various forms of attack       information to support the             Locating: LANL has exten-               structure Modeling programs.
pose unique challenges because      counterterrorism mission. Spe-         sive capabilities in designing          LANL will deploy these
attribution is often difficult      cific capabilities are as follows:     and fabricating conventional,           tools to process and make
and the adversary may have no                                              micro-, and nano-scale                  useful the extreme amounts
well-defined infrastructure or      • Intelligence Analysis: LANL          sensors, power sources,                 of data available to support
assets against which to launch        provides technical support via       beacons, and antennas.                  the counterterrorism mis-
a preemptive or retaliatory           reach-back to a broad range of
campaign. LANL’s objective is         science and engineering exper-
to detect and stop the imple-         tise. Los Alamos has in-depth
mentation of these tactics and        understanding of the design
those who perpetrate them.            and construction of weapons         “The attacks reflect the viciousness of violent extremists, and
                                      of mass effect, particularly        remind us that the threat of terrorism remains very real. We
                                      with respect to terrorist
                                      capabilities and intent, as well     have no higher priority than confronting this threat along
                                      as the potential for emerg-          with other countries that share our commitment to a more
                                      ing technology. Supporting
                                      LANL’s analytical capability                      peaceful and prosperous future.”
                                      is an integrated experimental,
                                      training, and technology-           –Hillary Rodham Clinton, United States Secretary of State,
                                      development program.
                                                                                              July 17, 2009




16
sion. LANL will also leverage      nation’s defenders with an
  technological advancements         invaluable technological
  achieved through its Work for      advantage in tracking poten-
  Others program to develop          tial terrorists and preventing
  effective countermeasures          their intended actions.
  and conduct deterrence
  and response activities.        • Modeling and Simu-
                                    lation: LANL’s
• Advanced Nanotechnol-             modeling and simulation
  ogy: LANL will expand             capabilities will be integrated
  its development of unique         with its numerous surveil-
  nanostructure materials           lance detectors and systems
  designed to mark, tag, track,     to provide advance indica-
  and locate. Los Alamos will       tions of malevolent intent.
  also expand the development
  of Lasonix (an R&D 100
  Award-winning technology)
  as a tool to manufacture
  complex three-dimensional
  micro-/nano-scale electronic
  devices and structures. Cou-
  pling these new materials,
  devices, and structures with
  a proven, extensive analysis
  capability will provide the




                                                                      17
Global Security Focus Area
                               Countering Weapons of Mass Effect
U.S. officials think there is a       such materials emerge on the             for predictive and situational        Alamos also has unmatched
high probability that a terror-       black market. LANL’s objective           awareness modeling, which             capabilities in understanding
ist attack involving WME will         is to enable the United States to        when coupled with a strong            criticality, which enables sci-
occur somewhere in the world          be in a position in which it can         intelligence analysis capability      entists to characterize material
in the next five to ten years.        anticipate all WME methodolo-            enables Los Alamos to identify        threats and develop the means
A singular nuclear weapon or          gies, identify those who would           and quantify possible WME             to handle and neutralize them.
WME that falls into the hands         desire to employ them, and stop          threats and develop solutions
of an undeterable adversary           or render such actors ineffective.       for detection and interdiction.    •	 Explosives Experimental
would have immeasurable impact                                                                                       Facilities: These small- and
on U.S. national security.                                                  •	 Expertise in Radiological             large-scale explosives facili-
                                      Core Capabilities                        Materials: When combined              ties enable LANL researchers
Senior al-Qaeda officials have                                                 with LANL’s broad materials           to conduct experiments that
made it clear that they wish          As the birthplace of nuclear             science and explosives-science        validate computer models
to obtain a nuclear weapon—           weapons, LANL holds a unique             capabilities garnered from            and bolster the confidence
viewed by them as a religious         place in the nuclear weapons pro-        the weapons program, Los              of end developers who have
duty—and use it against the           gram, particularly in the ability        Alamos’ extensive experience          created countermeasures
United States. Moreover, the          of its scientists and engineers to       with radiological materials           for WME technologies.
current conflict in Pakistan          apply broad scientific capabilities      and their properties enables
highlights the potential of a         in chemistry, biology, radia-            scientists to develop detection    •	 Biological Forensics: LANL
“failed state” or malicious insider   tion and radioactive materials,          and upstream defeat technolo-         has extensive forensic capabili-
scenario that could provide ter-      and explosives to characterize,          gies. LANL is one of the few          ties that can be used to detect
rorists with such weapons. North      design, and develop technolo-            facilities in the world that can      and identify chemical and
Korea’s history of arms sales,        gies that counter WME. As                safely handle any radionuclide        biological agents. Los Alamos’
in conjunction with this state’s      a result of helping create and           in effectively any quantity—it        world-renowned genomics
recent admission of a secret          support the nuclear stockpile,           also has developed the meth-          and genome databases contain
uranium-enrichment program            LANL has acquired a unique               ods to analyze trace quantities       mountains of information
and a history of violating United     set of capabilities to which             to determine their origin. Los        gained from sequencing
Nations resolutions, raises the       only two national laboratories
specter of nuclear terrorism          in the U.S. can lay claim.
to an even stronger focus.
                                      •	 World’s Fastest Computers:
Longstanding nonproliferation            LANL uses these computers
efforts may not prevent terrorists       to run specialized software         “In a strange turn of history, the threat of global nuclear war
or state actors from acquiring           codes, which scientists apply       has gone down, but the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up .
the materials needed to build a          to modeling and analyzing
WME. Reasons include (1) the             potential threats from which        . . there is no graver danger to global security than the threat
alarming rates at which WME              they then can develop effec-           of nuclear weapons and no more immediate task than to
programs continue to progress,           tive countermeasures. LANL’s
(2) the spread of knowledge,             unique computer and model-                                 address that threat.”
and (3) the frequency by which           ing resources are also used
                                                                                   –President Barack Obama, April 5, 2009, Prague




18
and analysis of pathogens         program and foreign weap-           will use these capabilities          importantly, the activities
   for detection, surveillance,      ons assessment program, to          in conjunction with the              leading to their development.
   and forensics. LANL also          develop a thorough under-           Event Response Program to
   has specialized knowledge         standing of what is technically     diagnose, stabilize, and defeat    •	 Counter WME Focus: To be
   in the areas of signatures        possible to control and             the device. Furthermore, Los          ultimately effective, LANL
   and assays for pathogen           defeat WME. Furthermore,            Alamos can apply its radionu-         will rely on the capabilities
   detection, strain discrimi-       Los Alamos can expand and           clide analytical capabilities to      and successes of many of
   nation, and attribution.          tailor existing rapid response      analyze the materials pre-            the other focus areas within
                                     capabilities to develop and         event or the debris post-event        Global Security. For example,
                                     demonstrate advanced                to assist in reconstructing           LANL will continue to
Opportunities                        concept tools designed to           and attributing weapons or            leverage the Nuclear Non-
                                     conduct monitoring, interdic-       materials to their source.            proliferation program to
LANL will use its broad and          tion, and upstream defeat.                                                monitor and safeguard these
deep scientific background                                             •	 Detecting and Recogniz-              materials. Controlling the
in nuclear, chemical, biologi-     •	 Predictive Tools: LANL              ing Threat Materials and             materials at the source where
cal, radiological, and energetic      will apply its intelligence         Devices: LANL will apply             possible will ultimately make
materials to monitor, identify,       community assets (such as           more than six decades of             the effort to counter WME
predict, interdict, and defeat        SNIPER/Sentry and related           experience to push the               more effective. Additionally,
WME threats. Opportuni-               WME databases), its weap-           boundaries of new systems            tagging, tracking, and locating
ties include the following:           ons subject-matter experts,         that will enable scientists          these materials are of utmost
                                      and sophisticated nodal and         to develop new sensors and           importance for interdic-
•	 Improvised Nuclear Design:         Bayesian modeling capabili-         detectors designed to identify       tion of “loose” materials.
   LANL will leverage its             ties (such as IKE and Patriot)      the use of WME and, more
   significant nuclear weapon         to develop predictive tools
   design expertise, as well as       to counter WME attacks.
   its experience working with        In the event that prevention
   the nuclear counterterrorism       proves unsuccessful, LANL




                                                                                                                                           19
Global Security Focus Area
                              Event Response
An event consists of a broad         of Homeland Security (DHS),           and engineering; preparing         also enable users to assess
range of threats or incidents that   and the Environmental Protec-         nuclear materials; conducting      immediate consequences and
may involve WME or natural           tion Agency. Activities range         characterization and chem-         improve situational aware-
characteristics. To meet the         from threat identification to         istry; detecting, identifying,     ness. These capabilities are
challenges associated with such      mitigation, consequence manage-       and diagnosing nuclear mate-       widely recognized and applied
a broad range of events, LANL        ment, and forensics in support        rials; gathering intelligence;     in areas such as bio-defense,
scientists and engineers must        of attribution. Key capabili-         and conducting criticality         but there remain oppor-
work in nontraditional ways to       ties include the following:           experiments and health             tunities for broader use.
provide the most useful infor-                                             physics. All this expertise is
mation and solution for na-          • Sophisticated Training for          brought to bear on effectively
tional, state, and local response.     Responders: LANL deploys            and efficiently responding       Opportunities
This out-of-the-box approach           subject-matter experts to           to nuclear emergencies.
requires a broad understand-           respond to highly techni-                                            Event response opportuni-
ing of science, engineering, and       cal threat scenarios, as well     • Addressing Natural and           ties include the following:
applicable technologies. This          as maintaining home-team            Chem-Bio Threats: As part
approach also inspires innovative      or reach-back support. Los          of the Field Intelligence Ele-   • Supporting Emergency
and efficient approaches toward        Alamos staff members also           ment, LANL uses analysis and       Response Teams: Demands
solving technical problems.            train responders from a             export-control techniques to       placed on emergency respond-
                                       variety of agencies and apply       anticipate, identify, under-       ers since 9-11 have surpassed
                                       their technical expertise to        stand, and mitigate natural        the “volunteer fire depart-
Core Capabilities                      develop tools, techniques,          and chem-bio threats. Los          ment” model. Rather than
                                       and procedures designed to          Alamos areas of expertise          training personnel for a few
Since its inception during the         counter chemical, biologi-          include chemistry, biochem-        days at a time, LANL will
Manhattan Project, LANL has            cal, radiological, nuclear, and     istry, data-management/            work with its sponsors to
been charged with develop-             explosives scenarios. LANL          analysis, laboratory analy-        support personnel at a level
ing and delivering scientifically      support during these poten-         sis, and HAZMAT field              consistent with their abili-
sound solutions to the most ur-        tially catastrophic situations      experience. LANL’s broad           ties, thus enabling them to
gent and technically challenging       can directly and fundamen-          technical underpinnings            maintain proficiency and
security issues facing the nation.     tally impact the outcome.           provide a unique combina-          contribute routinely to the
Los Alamos has developed a                                                 tion of talent that can be         program. This approach will
variety of unique core compe-        • Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear         used to detect, measure, and       enhance professionalism and
tencies that are well suited to        Nonproliferation Expertise:         model chem-bio threats both        contribute to the safety of
address Event Response needs.          LANL has a uniquely broad           remotely and on the ground.        responders and the public.
LANL’s Event Response Program          and deep history in the
provides technical expertise           nuclear weapons program and       • Multispectral Surveillance       • Responding to Nonnuclear
to the following agencies: U.S.        the nuclear nonproliferation        Technologies: Such LANL            Events in Support of DHS:
Department of Energy, Depart-          program. This experience            capabilities enable standoff,      Bio-defense activities at
ment of Defense, Federal Bureau        base includes testing nuclear       real-time identification and       Los Alamos include threat
of Investigation, Department           weapons; performing design          tracking of threats. They          analysis, effects modeling,




20
mitigation, response, foren-         for federal agencies such as     Joint Technical Operations
  sics, and attribution. There are     the DHS and the Depart-          Team infrastructure and
  near-term opportunities to           ment of Defense. LANL’s          staffing model will provide
  expand the breadth of capabil-       infrastructure analysis          a 24/7-response capability
  ities offered in these existing      capabilities will provide an     for chemical, biological, and
  program areas. In addition,          ideal computational test bed     cyber threat spaces. And
  LANL’s technical breadth             for the design and assessment    LANL has an opportunity
  and depth provide an ideal           of innovative infrastructure     to focus skills, capabilities,
  setting for the development          systems. These assessments       and facilities developed for
  of comprehensive risk-based          will be employed to assess       the nuclear weapons program
  assessment programs that             technical performance of         on an integrated, end-to-end
  are sought after within              engineered infrastructure        research, development, test-
  many DHS mission areas.              systems (e.g., energy and        ing, and evaluation capability
                                       telecommunications), as well     in support of emerging and
• Cultivating Domestic                 as the design of resilient and   currently unmet counterter-
  Response Applications for            efficient infrastructures.       rorism mission requirements,
  Surveillance Capabilities:                                            namely to enable the detec-
  LANL’s NISAC (National             • Fostering Rapid Response         tion, interdiction, and
  Infrastructure Simulation and        Capabilities: LANL will          upstream defeat of nuclear
  Analysis Center) provides            enhance existing rapid           and other WME threats.
  analysis in specific mission         response capabilities to Work
  areas. LANL will leverage            for Others Customers as
  such resources to provide a          Skunk Works for advanced
  technically robust infrastruc-       concept tools for responders.
  ture of intelligence analysis        Continued extension of the




                                                                                                         21
Global Security Focus Area
                               Resilent Global Infrastructure
Infrastructure assurance, global      Core Capabilities                      • Advanced Critical Infra-             and more sustainable tech-
energy supply, climate change,                                                 structure Modeling: LANL             nologies into the nation’s
and U.S. national security are        LANL has a historic intersec-            possesses some of the most           infrastructure networks. Such
inextricably interwoven to an un-     tion of recognition, need, and           advanced of these models,            large-scale simulations are also
foreseen extent with internation-     capability that enables smart            including some that are part         critical for making decisions
al, national, and regional implica-   and resilient infrastructure             of NISAC. These models               regarding the impending
tions. Furthermore, this complex      transformation at the national           have been used extensively by        global greenhouse gas treaty
system of dependencies is stressed    and global scale. Key capabili-          the DOE National Renew-              and for actions related to
simultaneously by challenges that     ties include the following:              able Energy Laboratory to            stabilizing failed and failing
range from climate change and                                                  design U.S. Electric Grid            nations. Without such simula-
resource depletion to pandemic        • Computationally Based Anal-            2030. Researchers have also          tions, the United States would
disease and regional conflicts.         yses and Multidisciplinary             used these models to protect         rely on traditional approaches,
                                        Team Assessment: LANL                  America’s critical infrastruc-       such as to design, demon-
According to one National Intel-        currently supports the DHS’s           ture from terrorist threats or       strate, and re-engineer—an
ligence Estimate, conflicts for         infrastructure protection              to enhance national prepared-        expensive and time-limiting
traditional energy and resources        mission by providing compu-            ness for handling large-scale        approach to engineering.
will intensify in the near future.      tationally based analyses of           disasters. Los Alamos plans
Traditional dominance by the            the potential consequences             to merge these models with         • Discovery, Development,
United States in energy- and            of large-scale natural or              the latest global-asset-level        and Deployment of Innova-
infrastructure-related technolo-        manmade events. Multidisci-            data and imagery to enable           tive Technologies: Although
gies will gradually fade, with the      plinary teams across LANL              game-changing simula-                infrastructure technology
European Union and Japan                perform the analysis. Core             tions that have sufficient           development is the domain
assuming key leadership roles.          capabilities include biology,          fidelity and resolution.             of private enterprise, LANL
Technology globalization will           chemistry, physics, engineer-                                               can readily partner with
continue to embolden rogue              ing, mathematics, statistics,        • Advanced Simulations                 industry to accelerate the pace
states and terrorists to exploit        economics, and computa-                Enabled by LANL’s High-              of innovation. Los Alamos
vulnerabilities in America’s            tional science, all of which           Performance Computers:               has a proven track record
critical infrastructure, as well as     are augmented by expertise             Advanced simulations play a          in designing and building
the infrastructure of the nation’s      in in-depth infrastructure             vital role in assessing global       innovative technologies that
allies. Arguably the greatest chal-     and socio-technical system             strategies for inserting smarter     meet the national need for
lenge facing the nation today is        domains. This combination
to resolve these national security      of expertise enables LANL
concerns without catastrophic           to understand and model
consequences to climate, society,       the extraordinarily complex
and the world economy.                  systems that comprise the
                                        nation’s critical infrastructures.
                                                                               “We know refineries are vulnerable, and we must do all
To meet this challenge, the             The resultant combination of          we can to make them as safe as they can be from terrorism,
United States must reinvigorate         high-performance computing
                                        resources and broad analyti-
                                                                                ... We must move faster and stronger to protect critical
fundamental research so that sci-
entists and engineers can develop       cal capabilities enable LANL                 infrastructure in Texas and across America.”
technologies capable of creating        to address this complex and
“smart and resilient” infrastruc-       vitally important mission.                                 – Jim Turner (D-Tex)
tures at national and global
scales. These infrastructures
will readily withstand terrorist,
natural, and anthropologic tests.




22
energy. Products include small     topology, and agent-based         LANL will advance its
   and compact nuclear reactors       global-scale computations         world-class political, military,
   and large-scale energy-storage     to individual agent resolu-       economic, social, and infra-
   devices. LANL also continues       tion that is enabled by Los       structure interdependency
   to lead the way in integrat-       Alamos supercomputing. The        modeling and simulation to
   ing information technologies       resultant high-end models         a global scale. The resultant
   into an electric grid that in      will enable users to evaluate     decision-support environ-
   turn has led to innovative         the effectiveness of alternate    ment will enable decision
   smart-grid technologies.           national- and global-scale        makers to think globally
                                      strategies for informing policy   while resolving a regional
                                      makers and private investors.     issue—this is a vital objective
Opportunities                                                           of multi-agency collabora-
                                    • Addressing Complex                tive planning and response to
LANL’s objective is to lead           Technological Problems: As        events of global significance.
the nation in transforming            recognized by a National
infrastructure from one reli-         Intelligence Estimate,
ant on speedy response to             infrastructure transforma-
disasters to one that is resil-       tion will undoubtedly bring
ient to them. Opportuni-              with it technological sur-
ties include the following:           prises. Almost every transfer
                                      of superpower status in the
• Focus on Situational Aware-         past has been associated with
  ness and Command, Control,          national dominance over
  Communications, and Intel-          emergence of a new technol-
  ligence: Beginning with             ogy. Key federal agencies
  technologies for smart grid         recognize that traditional
  and transforming to smart           response to failed/failing
  planet, LANL will develop           states and post-war stabiliza-
  and merge multiscale com-           tion is inadequate during
  putational physics, network         such global transformations.




                                                                                                           23
LANL Global Security Focus Areas


                 Nuclear Nonproliferation

                       Cyber Systems

                       Space Systems

     Intelligence Analysis, Integration, and Exploitation

                    Warfighter Support

                Countering Terrorist Tactics

            Countering Weapons of Mass Effect

                      Event Response

               Resilient Global Infrastructure




24
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                                       LA-UR-09-07014
                 Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal
              opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security,
               LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S.
                 Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
Global Security Strategic Plan

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Global Security Strategic Plan

  • 1. Reducing Global Threats through Innovative Science and Technology Charting Global Security’s Future at Los Alamos William S. Rees, Jr., Principal Associate Director for Global Security
  • 2. National Nuclear Security Administration Mission: Strengthen national security through the military application of nuclear energy and by reducing the global threat from terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Vision: To be an integrated nuclear security enterprise operating an efficient and agile nuclear weapons complex that is recognized as preeminent in technical leadership and program management. Los Alamos National Laboratory Mission: Develop and apply science and technology to— Ensure the safety, security and reliability of the U.S. nuclear deterrent • Reduce global threats • Solve other emerging national security challenges Vision: We will anticipate, innovate and deliver science that matters. Global Security Mission: To provide early identification, creative maturation and timely delivery of scientifically robust solutions to the most urgent and technically challenging security issues facing our Nation. Vision: Globally reduce threats to the security of the United States and our allies. Strategy: Utilizing our unparalleled people and capabilities, we will leverage our long history of national security service from knowledge discovery to knowledge exploitation. Values: The Nation • Our People • Scientific Excellence • Commitment to Our Customer
  • 3. Global Security Exploiting Science Discoveries to Make the World a Safer Place “I am honored to be selected to lead this new organization representing the future of the Laboratory and anticipate working together with the talented scientists at LANL to address significant National challenges in areas ranging from cyber and energy security to countering the tactics of terrorism and the threats of weapons of mass effects.” William S. Rees, Jr., Principal Associate Director for Global Security “Making the world a safer the security challenges the necessary deep technical of numerous international place” is an enduring facing the Nation have been insight into an undecided locations around the globe, challenge, which Los trending annually upward future for which they must undecided LANL scientists Alamos National Laboratory at an increasing rate. In this prepare. LANL also has a have led international efforts (LANL) has been addressing environment, the Laboratory reputation for delivering in nuclear non-proliferation. since its inception. created the new position of the technology necessary to Principal Associate Director respond effectively to signifi- Exploiting scientific discover- Los Alamos is a laboratory for Global Security. The cant threats of broad scope. ies in magnetic resonance, with a long, and justifiably world in which we live is LANL researchers devel- proud, history of science not tumultuous and uncertain, In areas broad and deep, the oped the MagViz technol- simply for the sake of itself, with threats ranging from nation has called on LANL ogy, which can detect liquid but devoted to the most the inconvenient to the scientists to deliver. They have explosive volumes as small pressing issues of national unthinkable. Security in such heard the call and responded as one milliliter in less than security. For the initial several a world demands the fullest in a timely and robust man- one minute. Image what decades of its existence, the attention of the most talented ner. From the earliest ques- this breakthrough capability mission was predominately citizens from all segments tions of how far advanced the will do for harried airport dedicated to topics closely of society. LANL has a Axis Powers were in nuclear passengers who must transit related to nuclear weapons. special technical leadership weapons research in the days through long security lines. That component has remained role to fulfill in this regard. immediately following the the laboratory’s core mission, close of WW II to the con- To help deployed American albeit consistently augmented Los Alamos has the people, temporary world events of the warfighters, LANL devel- by other tasks for the past tools, and facilities to give International Atomic Energy oped AngelFire, a system 20 years. At the same time, national-level policymakers Agency (IAEA) monitoring that enables users to observe 1
  • 4. real-time activities in the field The technology underpin- an enduring basis with no and identify areas of spe- ning Green Grid also has seen specific public recognition cific interest. Fielded in Iraq, use in real-world national [nor anticipation that it will AngelFire has saved American security events covered by the be forthcoming]. This docu- lives while maintaining the Department of Homeland ment presents an outline for nation’s force effectiveness. Security and the Depart- how we will pursue this core ment of Defense. These mission of the Lab. LANL’s Green Grid is a LANL-led are but a few of the recent end goal endures: Making project that defines the abil- accomplishments of LANL the World a Safer Place. ity of the current electric staff in Global Security. . Rees, Jr. transmission and distribution William S system to accommodate the I am fully committed to influx of energy from alter- the critical role of LANL native sources such as wind. in the US national security This technology offers the mission and to the highly possibility of lowering the talented scientists that execute monthly electrical bills of some of our Nation’s most users—a boon to the quality challenging technical as- of life for many Americans. signments. They work on “The Laboratory’s role is to anticipate, innovate and deliver to meet a broad range of national security challenges. These challenges include maintaining the effectiveness of the national nuclear deterrent, supporting the nation’s nonproliferation and threat reduction priorities, and addressing emerging national security issues with urgency and agility.” Michael Anastasio, LANL Director “Building the Future of Los Alamos” 2
  • 5. Leveraging Our Legacy Science and Technology for a More Secure World In early 1943, a group of scien- Smaller states have risen to • Information systems, which • Provide the U.S. Navy tists arrived at an isolated place challenge the superpowers— range from the most advanced with safe and effective known as Los Alamos. These such states show a willingness supercomputers to American nuclear-propulsion plants. scientists were the first members to expend whatever national or desktop computers, many of what was known as Project individual costs are necessary of which are connected • Promote international Y, tasked with harnessing the to rapidly buy their way into to a global Internet. nuclear safety and awesome power of the atom recognized military might by nonproliferation. to bring an end to the ongo- acquiring nuclear, chemical, • American warfighters, who ing destruction of World War biological, and explosive weapons must be supported with • Reduce global dan- II. In addition to this daunting of mass destruction (WMD) the best, most rugged, and ger from weapons of task, some of these scientists and mass effect (WME). most effective equipment mass destruction. also followed American troops and technology to maximize their chances of success • Support U.S. leadership in into Germany, their mission to The stability of some of these and minimize their vulner- science and technology. assess the state and capabilities states is questionable, and some of Hitler’s nuclear programs. may have links to terrorist abilities while on the physical As a national security laboratory, groups and hostile subnational and virtual battlefields. LANL supports all of NNSA’s As the nation moves into the organizations. Terrorist groups national security missions. early parts of the 21st century, seek WMD/WME technolo- • Energy resources, which have become increasingly Specifically, Los Alamos develops new national security challenges gies and have demonstrated and applies science, technology, continue to emerge. Continu- sophisticated operational and expensive and whose acqui- sition and use can pose a and engineering solutions to ing its long history of national logistical capabilities that stress service, LANL will build upon counterterrorism efforts. threat to the environment • ensure the safety, secu- its legacy to discover and apply and contribute to global rity, and reliability of the advanced science and technology The United States has effective upheaval from competition. U.S. nuclear deterrent; to meet the most challenging and countermeasures to (1) prevent urgent national security issues. the proliferation of WMD/ • reduce global threats; and WME, (2) counter the use Defining LANL’s of such technologies, and (3) Global Security • solve emerging national National Security combat terrorism. However, security challenges. these countermeasures are Mission Needs of the themselves vulnerable. With At its highest level, LANL emphasizes a fundamental under- 21st Century its extensive experience and expertise in science and technol- Established by the U.S. Con- gress in 2000 as a separate standing of materials, actinide ogy, LANL is in a strong position agency within the Depart- science, and radiation-material The fall of the Soviet Union, interactions. LANL’s approach to minimize vulnerabilities to ment of Energy, the National the end of the Cold War, and to predictive science integrates the following national assets: Nuclear Security Administra- the expansion of democracy theory, simulation, modeling, tion (NNSA) has the following around the world have seen the and complex experimentation. • The nation’s space-systems national security missions: emergence of a host of pressing Key Los Alamos differentiators infrastructure, which has national security issues obscured as a national security science long been used as the high • Enhance national security by the superpower standoff that laboratory include the following: ground for ubiquitous through the military appli- characterized the end of the last monitoring of the globe cation of nuclear energy. century. The proliferation of • Integrated solutions deliv- and to provide many of the nuclear-weapon technologies is • Maintain and enhance ered on a short schedule. benefits of modern-day life. a proven fact, one that requires the U.S. nuclear weap- far-reaching actions to limit and ons stockpile. • Long-term commitment to counter over the long-term. technical excellence, integrity, and innovation across a wide range of science, technol- ogy, and engineering. 3
  • 6. • Effective and efficient response • Actinide and radiochemi- LANL’s legacy includes scientifically robust solutions to urgent national priorities. cal science and technology national security programs to the nation’s most urgent and programs and facilities. in areas outside the nuclear technically challenging security • Ability to conduct com- weapons program. Such pro- issues. To carry out this mission, plex experiments. • High-explosives synthesis grams include the following: Los Alamos will (1) draw on its and testing capabilities. unparalleled people and capabili- • Broad and deep intellectual • nonproliferation, ties, (2) leverage its long history capability for the future. • Programs in space science and of national security service, (3) remote-sensing applications. • nuclear material charac- fully apply all capabilities found • Inherently high-security terization and forensics, in its multidisciplinary base, and environments for conduct- • Nuclear detection (4) create short- and long-term ing classified work. technologies. • space sciences, relations with national security • Membership in the intel- clients and stakeholders. Specific • remote sensing, Los Alamos ligence community through objectives are as follows: a Field Intelligence Ele- • Department of Legacy and Core ment that specializes in Defense programs, • Serve as an integrating national security science Capabilities nuclear- and foreign-state intelligence analysis. • intelligence commu- Laboratory for the nation. nity programs, and LANL is unique in that it • Assets related to deploy- • Integrate across government possesses a group of specific able response. • emergency response. to transcend barriers that technical capabilities and have been erected over time. facilities at one secure location. • Deployed technical support All these areas are underpinned These capabilities and facili- to the U.S. government and by LANL’s broad capabili- • Drive exploitation of sci- ties include the following: international agencies. ties in the physical sciences, entific discovery to ensure materials, engineering, and the nation’s continued • NNSA’s consolidated LANL’s national security information sciences. technical superiority. plutonium Research and expertise was founded as a result Development (R&D) and of the nation’s nuclear weapons • Protect vital national manufacturing capabilities, program. Even today, that legacy LANL’s Global security secrets. including stocks of reconfigu- remains strong at LANL. As the rable special nuclear materials. nation’s weapons program seeks Security Strategy • Provide in-depth technical advice to national policy a new size and definition, Los • Roadrunner, the world’s LANL’s global security mission makers on a broad range of Alamos is working to identify fastest supercomputer. is straightforward: Provide early national security topics. other national security clients who will provide long-term identification, creative matura- • A large-scale predictive stewardship of the facilities and tion, and timely delivery of modeling capability. capabilities essential to meeting their national security needs. • One of only two centers for nuclear weapons design. 4
  • 7. To implement this strategy, • Countering Terrorist Tactics LANL is focusing on nine areas that directly tie its core • Countering Weap- capabilities to national needs. ons of Mass Effect These nine areas are as follows: • Event Response • Nuclear Nonproliferation • Resilient Global Infrastructure • Cyber Systems The sections that follow out- • Space Systems line these nine areas, with each section describing LANL’s • Intelligence Analysis, Integra- core capabilities and possible tion, and Exploitation opportunities for meeting future global security challenges of • Warfighter Support interest to the United States. “As the role of nuclear weapons in our Nation’s defense evolves and the threats to national security continue to grow, the focus of [the NNSA] enterprise must also change and place its tremendous intellectual capacity and unique facilities in the service of addressing other challenges related to national defense.” –NNSA Administrator Thomas D’Agostino, May 13, 2009 5
  • 8. Global Security Focus Area Nuclear Nonproliferation The proliferation of nuclear • safeguards in nuclear process- Opportunities • Strengthening the Nonpro- weapons, either by nation-states ing or storage facilities; liferation Regime: President or terrorist groups, poses one LANL will pursue the follow- Obama announced initia- of the greatest national security • arms control, denuclear- ing nonproliferation oppor- tives such as strengthening threats to the United States. ization, and nuclear test tunities, which are based on the nonproliferation treaty treaty verification; recent multiyear trends and and support for an interna- Since the Manhattan Project, announced priorities for the tional fuel bank to discourage LANL has served as the national • space systems for research Obama Administration: countries from pursuing an leader in addressing the threat and treaty monitoring; independent nuclear-fuel- posed by nuclear proliferation. • Arms Control and Treaty cycle capability. Expansion From conducting intelligence • detection of nuclear Verification: President of nuclear power world- analyses of the Japanese and Ger- materials in transit (e.g., Obama recently announced wide will drive demand for man nuclear weapons programs portal monitors); and his intention to pursue a LANL-based capabilities. during World War II to inventing START follow-on treaty the technical basis for nuclear • characterization of threat with the Russians, ratify the • Nonproliferation Research and safeguards, LANL has garnered objects in an emergency Comprehensive Nuclear- Development: In addition to an excellent record conceiv- response scenario. Test-Ban Treaty, and pursue supplying technologies to the ing and executing successful a fissile material cutoff treaty. NNSA, LANL will diver- nonproliferation programs. Because most nuclear nonpro- LANL supports these and sify its capabilities to meet liferation mission areas require other initiatives, such as synergistic national security LANL’s goal is to continue to the capability to extract and the Proliferation Security needs, such as detecting (1) serve as a trusted source that understand varying types of Initiative and the Global plutonium production, (2) always provides the best technical information, LANL develops Initiative to Combat Nuclear highly enriched uranium advice to the nation with respect tools to conduct event detection Terrorism, both of which are production, and (3) special to nonproliferation efforts. and characterization, feature expected to remain priori- nuclear materials movement extraction, evidence marshalling, ties for this administration. and weaponization, as well and data mining. Computing Core Capabilities and weapons capabilities are also used throughout nuclear non- The science and technology proliferation programs, as well “We must ensure that terrorists never acquire a nuclear capabilities used for the nuclear as core capabilities in fuel-cycle nonproliferation mission leverage expertise and nonproliferation weapon. This is the most immediate and extreme threat LANL’s cutting-edge science and policy. LANL also has in place to global security . . . we must act with a sense of purpose technology and are deployed in extensive training programs so the real world to solve specific that scientists and engineers can without delay.” national security problems. A share their knowledge, skills, and given technical discipline may expertise with the wider nuclear –President Barack Obama, April 5, 2009, Prague exist in several LANL capabili- nonproliferation community. ties because requirements vary greatly between application areas and deployment scenarios. Thus, nuclear detection tech- nologies are used in the following LANL core capability areas: 6
  • 9. as safeguards and recovery or and Second Line of Defense/ replacement of radiological Megaports programs, both sources. Enabling technologies of which support the Presi- include advanced detector dent’s announced intention materials; nuclear facility to “secure all vulnerable remote sensing; simulations, nuclear material around the algorithms, and modeling; world within four years”; and signatures and observables and (4) advanced security of nuclear processes. Several technologies. LANL will also capabilities also apply to continue its leadership role greenhouse gas monitoring, in NNSA-sponsored nuclear and LANL is actively pursuing nonproliferation technical opportunities in this arena. work with India and China. • Other Programs: LANL will continue to foster programs in areas such as (1) worldwide technology deployment (e.g., Megaports); (2) domestic production of low-enriched- uranium nuclear reactor fuel and medical isotopes (such as Mo99); (3) Material Protec- tion Control and Accounting 7
  • 10. Global Security Focus Area Cyber Systems Cyber exploitation examples consequences, and the • Secure Data Systems: LANL • a novel cross-disciplinary continue to be reported more potential costs and benefits of scientists are researching an focus (e.g., exploiting non- frequently, becoming more hypothetical interventions. environment in which data traditional techniques). sophisticated and targeted. In are secure with provenance 2008, such exploitation pos- • Detection-Based Defenses: and access controls embed- This plan is illustrated through sibly cost the United States These defenses reduce human ded in the digital fabric, initiatives in several topic more than $1 trillion in intel- error and respond to events active data wardens, and areas in which various science lectual property. As connectiv- at network speeds. Such cloud-based virtual desktops and technology capabilities ity grows between information defenses include robust for stateless thin clients. are combined to create new systems, the Internet, and other algorithms, real-time policy meta-capabilities in particular infrastructures, the greater the control engines, automated application areas with potentially chance for cyber attackers to network reconfiguration Opportunities different uses for several custom- disrupt telecommunications, and quarantine, advanced ers. The following are examples: electrical power, energy pipelines, modeling and simulation, By matching LANL techni- refineries, financial networks, and modern information cal capabilities with national • Automated Detection and and other critical infrastructure. science and risk theory. needs, cyber systems will become Response: The future of cyber one of the signature programs defense, these self-defending • Rapid-Response Cyber in the Global Security (GS) systems respond to attacks at Core Capabilities Security Analysis and Tool program. This proposed plan the speed at which they occur Development: Capabilities consists of three elements: rather than the slower speed LANL has always been at the include malware/intrusion of human understanding and forefront of cyber security, analysis and reverse engi- • coordinated R&D and intervention. LANL expertise beginning with the incident that neering, vulnerability operational thrusts, in rapid intrusion analysis and popularized the term “hacker” analysis/penetration test- response, reverse engineering, for illegal computer activity back ing, and situational-specific • mutually informing offensive tool building, automation, in 1983. Core capabilities in technology and immediately and defensive activities, and and data analytics provide this area include the following: deployable solutions. • Large-Scale, High-Resolution • Untappable Communication Modeling and Simulation: on Untrustworthy Chan- “We expect disruptive cyber activities to be the norm in Such modeling and simula- nels: Technologies include tion leads to virtual test beds quantum key distribution and future political or military conflicts. We cannot afford to and architectural defenses quantum-enabled, security- discover successful cyber intrusions after-the-fact, accept that enable uncertainty integrated, single-photon and quantification, the calculation optical communications. disastrous losses, and then seek merely to contain them.” of nonintuitive unintended –Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence, February 12, 2009 8
  • 11. “turnkey” solutions and • Core Weapons-Related deployed teams. To push fur- Missions. LANL under- ther the envelope in the ability stands that the following to detect cyber attacks, LANL next-generation systems will continues to work in detection be more sensitive to cyber and inference by using graph attack: nuclear command theory, statistics, modeling, and control systems, nuclear surveillance, and profiling. material management and transit, communications for • Participate in the National deployed counter-terror activi- SCADA Test Bed, NM ties and incident responders, Green Grid Initiative, and and facility safeguards and Related Programs. Such related activities. For example, efforts constitute a promi- unattended “smart fences” nent new multidisciplinary are vulnerable to cyber attack focus for LANL. To advance because their seismic, optical, the state of the art from or other types of electronic component-level security to surveillance are coupled system-scale robustness and with automated data collec- resilience, LANL will merge tion, analysis, and alerting. its extensive cyber expertise with its deep understanding of power systems, leading- edge computer science, and formal specifications. 9
  • 12. Global Security Focus Area Space Systems For approximately 45 years, • Developed more than 1,400 nology for orbiting satellites – Leveraging space-based LANL has engaged in space sensors and 400 instruments to detect, report, locate, and nuclear detonation detec- projects with applications that for 60 satellites and spacecraft. identify nuclear explosions. tion resources and tech- range from fundamental science Opportunities in this area nology to support space and military functions to com- • Designed revolutionary include the following: environment monitoring, mercial and civilian activities. optical, radiofrequency, provide enhanced space LANL scientists have conducted gamma, x-ray, particle, and – Conducting space- situational awareness, and advanced research in areas such space environmental sensors. based nuclear detona- realize synergies with oth- as astrophysics, planetary science, tion detection. er government programs. space physics, and earth sciences • Possess unrivaled advanced such as climate research. LANL high-performance comput- – Meeting current and – Applying space-based technology has far-reaching ing and knowledge systems. evolving nuclear non- nuclear treaty verification applications. For example, it was proliferation mission science and technolo- the Los Alamos neutron detector • Perform physics-based requirements by devel- gies to the challenge of system that discovered water on modeling and analysis. oping, delivering, and climate treaty monitor- Mars and LANL’s lightweight certifying x-ray and ing and verification. radioisotope heater units that • Conduct concept-to- radiofrequency Satellite prevent the Spirit and Opportu- operations multidisciplinary Nuclear Detonation De- • Remote-Sensing Capabilities: nity rovers from freezing during programs. tection (SNDD) instru- Remote-sensing technology frigid (-107°C) Martian nights. ments for GPS Block IIF, enables the United States to • Apply unique high-power IIIA, and future blocks. monitor a variety of nuclear beams and electrodynamics nonproliferation activities Core Capabilities expertise and infrastructure – Developing, delivering, that range from the mining of to develop revolutionary and certifying neutron- uranium to the construction LANL has expertise in sci- capabilities in space opera- gamma SNDD instru- of clandestine underground ences such as astrophysics, space tions, imaging, and control. ment systems for selected facilities. LANL will continue science, ionospheric science, geosynchronous hosts. to develop advanced capa- atmospheric science, remote • Offer multisponsor partner- sensing, electrodynamics, and ing and collaboration. space technology and engineer- ing. Broader disciplines include high-performance computing, Opportunities “The Obama Administration and Congress have a singular advanced knowledge tools, mate- rial science, and systems research • Space-Based Nuclear Deto- opportunity to ensure that America remains a preeminent that support our space enterprise. nation Detection Program: Specific experience and exper- Established during the 1960s, space-faring nation over the coming decades. The rest of the tise includes the following: this program develops tech- world is watching, and my hope is that we step up to the challenge.” –U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, chairwoman of the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee, August 17, 2009 10
  • 13. bilities that can confidently – Reconnaissance: Pro- infer specific details regarding vide revolutionary the activities, operations, or image characteriza- characteristics of a potential tion of space objects. nuclear proliferation threat where the exact location is – Intelligence: Distinguish unknown or access is denied. and resolve natural and manmade anomalies • Space Situational Awareness much more quickly. (SAA): SSA consists of the integration and analysis of – Environment: Protect as- space surveillance, recon- sets by providing accurate naissance, intelligence, and timely assessment environmental monitoring, and course-of-action and cyber information. Such recommendation. integration and analysis enable scientists to understand • Civilian Space Science: LANL manmade and natural threats will remain among the most to the nation’s space systems. highly regarded space science Los Alamos has the opportu- programs in the nation, con- nity to deliver revolutionary ducting fundamental research solutions to components in astrophysics, remote sens- of the SAA problem: ing, planetary science, space physics, and space technology. – Surveillance: Enhance flight safety with im- proved and cost-effec- tive space tracking. 11
  • 14. Global Security Focus Area Intelligence Analysis, Integration, and Exploitation LANL has worked with the nically challenging security and effectively combat threats problem by enabling LANL intelligence community since issues facing our nation—such to the national security to technically direct a project, World War II, when Los Alamos science-based solutions will of the United States. oversee procurements, manage scientists assessed the state and enable the intelligence commu- subcontracts, and provide sys- capabilities of Germany’s nuclear nity to accomplish its missions • Applying on a global scale tem solutions to the customer. program. Today, LANL serves as with minimal risk to the life modeling and simulation tools a national resource across all 16 and limb of the nation’s agents, to natural and manmade disas- • LANL’s Federally Funded intelligence agencies, as well as soldiers, allies, and the public. ters, utility infrastructures, Research and Development for the Department of Defense social networks, and cyber Center enables the intelli- and other government agencies. threats. The emphasis remains gence community to instantly Core Capabilities on predicting and optimizing access Los Alamos resources. LANL continues to develop the response to said threats. In selected areas, LANL has trusted relationships and LANL has more than 60 years dedicated facilities and teams consistently deliver high-qual- of resources available in nearly Distinct capabilities in- of people that respond imme- ity products. Once a customer every technical discipline. Under clude the following: diately to emerging problems provides LANL with a problem, authority of Executive Orders whenever the need arises. LANL scientists develop turnkey and Intelligence Community • As a member of the field solutions by establishing strategic Directives, Los Alamos provides intelligence element, LANL partnerships with other labora- the intelligence community with pioneered the ability for a Opportunities tories, businesses, and academic access to LANL technology, national laboratory to func- institutions. As a “trusted agent,” including hardware, software, tion as an executive agency As one of two nuclear weapons LANL finds and oversee the technical analysis, forensics, on behalf of an intelligence design laboratories, LANL can delivery of the best solutions pos- modeling and simulation, spe- community agency. When leverage its expertise and experi- sible. Los Alamos also continues cialized techniques, and advice executed, this agreement sub- ence to (1) analyze foreign weap- to monitor, assess, and report on and consultation. Key capabili- stantially reduces the burden ons, (2) assess improvised nuclear the nuclear weapons programs ties include the following: on an intelligence community weapons, (3) conduct real-time in established and emerging sponsor to solve a particular reach-back during crises, and (4) states, as well as the interests of • Assessing, monitoring, and subnational organizations in countering the capabilities improvised nuclear weapons. of proliferant nations. GS’s mission is to provide early • Providing specialized, high- identification, creative matura- technology tools (hardware, “[The President] understands that preventing terrorists tion, and timely delivery of software, or procedures) to from slaughtering the innocent sometimes requires making scientifically robust solutions the intelligence community to the most urgent and tech- so that it can more quickly very difficult decisions—deployment of military forces, authorization of sensitive intelligence activities, the handling and disposition of terrorists that we capture and detain, and the policies we make and the measures we take to protect our homeland.” –John Brennan, Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, August 6, 2009 12
  • 15. analyze other enabling tech- • Lead Rapid-Response nologies. Key areas of emerging Organization: As a result emphasis include the following: of investments made by the Department of Energy, other • Analysis of Emerging sponsors, and LANL itself, Technologies: LANL has Los Alamos has in place facili- broad technical experience, ties and processes to support a worldwide reputation for quick-reaction-capability high-quality science and tech- or turnkey projects to the nology, and a large population intelligence community. of post-docs and visiting Repurposing LANL facilities scientists. Thus, Los Alamos (by reusing former weapons- is an ideal place for analyz- program facilities) will enable ing emerging technologies. Los Alamos to greatly expand the number and diversity of • Materials Science: LANL has customers that it can support. expertise in new materials and Such infrastructure projects fabrication techniques for are a shared responsibility detectors, sensors, micro- between NNSA and the electronics, and structural U.S. government, both of components. LANL has which use the capabilities demonstrated that it can of GS within the broader easily support the intelligence national security arena. community in many areas that involve designing special- purpose materials and fielding unique sensors and detectors. 13
  • 16. Global Security Focus Area Warfighter Support The ever-evolving battlefield Core Capabilities the modern warfighter’s needs will continue to build upon means that American soldiers in an ever-changing envi- such systems and couple them must be equally at ease using sat- Since its creation in 1943, ronment. LANL’s weapons with advanced information, ellite-guided weapons as they are LANL has been at the forefront mission continues to provide visual analytics, and intel- on donkeys while flushing adver- in providing the Department ligence systems to create an saries out of caves. This landscape of Defense and its subordinate – an exceptionally strong extensive situational awareness requires that the United States organizations with high-leverage, foundation in offensive and decision-support system. be able to insert warfighters game-changing technology. As and defensive appli- anywhere in the world at a mo- part of its core weapons mission, cations of informa- • Materials Science: LANL ment’s notice—and sometimes Los Alamos has developed broad tion technologies, scientists will continue work bring them back without anyone and unique fabrication capabili- in nanotechnology by apply- having known they were there. ties, materials-science depth, and – the development of ing LANL’s ultra-strong processes and systems designed specialized munitions carbon nanotube reinforced Modern threats range from the to address warfighter needs in an and energetic materials, fibers to a broad range of physical (such as roadside and environment that preserves the applications, from advanced suicide bombs) to the electronic element of surprise. Key capa- – modeling and simula- aircraft to bulletproof vests. (such as nonstate actors using bilities include the following: tion of complex phe- Researchers will apply their satellite communication systems nomena and events at fundamental understanding and exploiting the Internet to • Nuclear Weapons: LANL a global scale, and of the physics of materials advance military goals). Indeed, serves as the design and to develop new, lighter, and the globalization of technol- certification agency for key – directed-energy more effective equipment. ogy has emboldened adversaries nuclear weapons and has a applications. LANL will also build on its to challenge America’s air and Presidentially mandated role energetic materials to provide space superiority, as well as its in national nuclear deterrence. specialized munitions and superiority in C4ISR (com- Opportunities will expand its successful mand, control, communications, • National Security: The extent Skunk Works Initiative. computers, intelligence, surveil- of such collaborations is delib- Key opportunities in this lance, and reconnaissance) and erately kept secret to provide area include the following: • Advanced Sensors and force projection. Now more than America’s warfighters with Detectors: LANL’s Remote ever, LANL must partner with maximum advantage. LANL’s • Warfighter Safety: For Ultra-Low Light Imaging the Department of Defense to re- core strength is housed in a example, the Los Alamos System can create three- spond successfully to future glob- uniquely fundamental and AngelFire system enables dimensional images of targets al challenges through technical multidisciplinary science and the real-time surveillance of under an overcast sky on a innovation and delivery of game- technology foundation from an area of engagement, thus moonless night. Building changing capabilities to modern which scientists and engineers providing early warning to upon work in neural systems warfighters and planners alike. deliver solutions that meet America’s warfighters. LANL and advanced sensors, LANL 14
  • 17. will continue to develop and light response and very deep deploy advanced systems. magazines that require only These advanced systems will electrical power to operate. include, for example, families of sensors of different modali- • Alternative Energy Sources: ties that are integrated in such America’s military is the larg- a manner as to provide greater est single consumer of energy confidence and flexibility in the world—three-quarters than a single spectral sensor. of such energy is in the form of oil. LANL will continue to • Beam Physics and High- explore alternative forms of Power Accelerator Technology: energy, such as novel biomass LANL is working closely conversion processes that can with numerous Department provide energy from readily of Defense organizations available sources such as algae. to develop radiofrequency LANL will also continue to and free-electron laser- leverage its extensive materi- directed energy systems and als expertise to develop new advanced high-resolution battery-storage systems. With radar/sensor systems. Such respect to nuclear energy, systems can counter highly Los Alamos will work to asymmetric threats that put develop a new generation our military forces (such of small, special-purpose as aircraft carriers) at risk. nuclear reactors and power Directed-energy systems have generators designed to sup- the advantage of speed-of- port the military complex. 15
  • 18. Global Security Focus Area Countering Terrorist Tactics As a tactic used by domestic Core Capabilities • Long-Range Analyses: LANL Opportunities and foreign actors, terrorism has an energetic materials has precipitated the need for Since its inception, LANL has training program that includes The following are opportuni- advanced technologies to detect, successfully delivered end-of-sys- technical reach-back and ties to anticipate, characterize, deter, and respond to non-state- tem solutions for time-sensitive emerging threat analysis; IED and track emerging threats: sponsored hostile actions against national security problems. Los (improvised explosive device) the United States. Although Alamos can effectively lever- detection, defeat, and threat- • Information Handling and terrorist attacks may involve age the knowledge, capability, monitoring programs; and Sharing: Information can only conventional weapons, many and technological advancement the data-fusion and analyses be shared once it is gleaned tactics involve asymmetric forms achieved from supporting a di- tools (such as the Integrated from data. LANL will apply of warfare, from unconventional verse programmatic portfolio in Knowledge Engine (IKE)) its extensive expertise in high- weapons such as shoe bombs order to conduct emerging threat to effectively predict threat performance computing and and human carriers of explosive prediction, as well as provide probability. Monitoring and manipulating and reducing materials or infectious agents to effective deterrence, prediction, predictive forecasting of ter- massive data sets. Los Alamos divergent forms of attack such countermeasure development, rorist activities is facilitated by will couple both capabilities as tainted food supplies, cyber surveillance, and real-time re- LANL’s emerging cyberspace with the knowledge engine attacks, and hijacked airplanes. sponse. As an established trusted expertise and capabilities. and simulation tools devel- agent, LANL will facilitate the oped for the Weapons and Deterrence and response to dissemination of emerging threat • Tagging, Tracking, and Homeland Security Infra- these various forms of attack information to support the Locating: LANL has exten- structure Modeling programs. pose unique challenges because counterterrorism mission. Spe- sive capabilities in designing LANL will deploy these attribution is often difficult cific capabilities are as follows: and fabricating conventional, tools to process and make and the adversary may have no micro-, and nano-scale useful the extreme amounts well-defined infrastructure or • Intelligence Analysis: LANL sensors, power sources, of data available to support assets against which to launch provides technical support via beacons, and antennas. the counterterrorism mis- a preemptive or retaliatory reach-back to a broad range of campaign. LANL’s objective is science and engineering exper- to detect and stop the imple- tise. Los Alamos has in-depth mentation of these tactics and understanding of the design those who perpetrate them. and construction of weapons “The attacks reflect the viciousness of violent extremists, and of mass effect, particularly remind us that the threat of terrorism remains very real. We with respect to terrorist capabilities and intent, as well have no higher priority than confronting this threat along as the potential for emerg- with other countries that share our commitment to a more ing technology. Supporting LANL’s analytical capability peaceful and prosperous future.” is an integrated experimental, training, and technology- –Hillary Rodham Clinton, United States Secretary of State, development program. July 17, 2009 16
  • 19. sion. LANL will also leverage nation’s defenders with an technological advancements invaluable technological achieved through its Work for advantage in tracking poten- Others program to develop tial terrorists and preventing effective countermeasures their intended actions. and conduct deterrence and response activities. • Modeling and Simu- lation: LANL’s • Advanced Nanotechnol- modeling and simulation ogy: LANL will expand capabilities will be integrated its development of unique with its numerous surveil- nanostructure materials lance detectors and systems designed to mark, tag, track, to provide advance indica- and locate. Los Alamos will tions of malevolent intent. also expand the development of Lasonix (an R&D 100 Award-winning technology) as a tool to manufacture complex three-dimensional micro-/nano-scale electronic devices and structures. Cou- pling these new materials, devices, and structures with a proven, extensive analysis capability will provide the 17
  • 20. Global Security Focus Area Countering Weapons of Mass Effect U.S. officials think there is a such materials emerge on the for predictive and situational Alamos also has unmatched high probability that a terror- black market. LANL’s objective awareness modeling, which capabilities in understanding ist attack involving WME will is to enable the United States to when coupled with a strong criticality, which enables sci- occur somewhere in the world be in a position in which it can intelligence analysis capability entists to characterize material in the next five to ten years. anticipate all WME methodolo- enables Los Alamos to identify threats and develop the means A singular nuclear weapon or gies, identify those who would and quantify possible WME to handle and neutralize them. WME that falls into the hands desire to employ them, and stop threats and develop solutions of an undeterable adversary or render such actors ineffective. for detection and interdiction. • Explosives Experimental would have immeasurable impact Facilities: These small- and on U.S. national security. • Expertise in Radiological large-scale explosives facili- Core Capabilities Materials: When combined ties enable LANL researchers Senior al-Qaeda officials have with LANL’s broad materials to conduct experiments that made it clear that they wish As the birthplace of nuclear science and explosives-science validate computer models to obtain a nuclear weapon— weapons, LANL holds a unique capabilities garnered from and bolster the confidence viewed by them as a religious place in the nuclear weapons pro- the weapons program, Los of end developers who have duty—and use it against the gram, particularly in the ability Alamos’ extensive experience created countermeasures United States. Moreover, the of its scientists and engineers to with radiological materials for WME technologies. current conflict in Pakistan apply broad scientific capabilities and their properties enables highlights the potential of a in chemistry, biology, radia- scientists to develop detection • Biological Forensics: LANL “failed state” or malicious insider tion and radioactive materials, and upstream defeat technolo- has extensive forensic capabili- scenario that could provide ter- and explosives to characterize, gies. LANL is one of the few ties that can be used to detect rorists with such weapons. North design, and develop technolo- facilities in the world that can and identify chemical and Korea’s history of arms sales, gies that counter WME. As safely handle any radionuclide biological agents. Los Alamos’ in conjunction with this state’s a result of helping create and in effectively any quantity—it world-renowned genomics recent admission of a secret support the nuclear stockpile, also has developed the meth- and genome databases contain uranium-enrichment program LANL has acquired a unique ods to analyze trace quantities mountains of information and a history of violating United set of capabilities to which to determine their origin. Los gained from sequencing Nations resolutions, raises the only two national laboratories specter of nuclear terrorism in the U.S. can lay claim. to an even stronger focus. • World’s Fastest Computers: Longstanding nonproliferation LANL uses these computers efforts may not prevent terrorists to run specialized software “In a strange turn of history, the threat of global nuclear war or state actors from acquiring codes, which scientists apply has gone down, but the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up . the materials needed to build a to modeling and analyzing WME. Reasons include (1) the potential threats from which . . there is no graver danger to global security than the threat alarming rates at which WME they then can develop effec- of nuclear weapons and no more immediate task than to programs continue to progress, tive countermeasures. LANL’s (2) the spread of knowledge, unique computer and model- address that threat.” and (3) the frequency by which ing resources are also used –President Barack Obama, April 5, 2009, Prague 18
  • 21. and analysis of pathogens program and foreign weap- will use these capabilities importantly, the activities for detection, surveillance, ons assessment program, to in conjunction with the leading to their development. and forensics. LANL also develop a thorough under- Event Response Program to has specialized knowledge standing of what is technically diagnose, stabilize, and defeat • Counter WME Focus: To be in the areas of signatures possible to control and the device. Furthermore, Los ultimately effective, LANL and assays for pathogen defeat WME. Furthermore, Alamos can apply its radionu- will rely on the capabilities detection, strain discrimi- Los Alamos can expand and clide analytical capabilities to and successes of many of nation, and attribution. tailor existing rapid response analyze the materials pre- the other focus areas within capabilities to develop and event or the debris post-event Global Security. For example, demonstrate advanced to assist in reconstructing LANL will continue to Opportunities concept tools designed to and attributing weapons or leverage the Nuclear Non- conduct monitoring, interdic- materials to their source. proliferation program to LANL will use its broad and tion, and upstream defeat. monitor and safeguard these deep scientific background • Detecting and Recogniz- materials. Controlling the in nuclear, chemical, biologi- • Predictive Tools: LANL ing Threat Materials and materials at the source where cal, radiological, and energetic will apply its intelligence Devices: LANL will apply possible will ultimately make materials to monitor, identify, community assets (such as more than six decades of the effort to counter WME predict, interdict, and defeat SNIPER/Sentry and related experience to push the more effective. Additionally, WME threats. Opportuni- WME databases), its weap- boundaries of new systems tagging, tracking, and locating ties include the following: ons subject-matter experts, that will enable scientists these materials are of utmost and sophisticated nodal and to develop new sensors and importance for interdic- • Improvised Nuclear Design: Bayesian modeling capabili- detectors designed to identify tion of “loose” materials. LANL will leverage its ties (such as IKE and Patriot) the use of WME and, more significant nuclear weapon to develop predictive tools design expertise, as well as to counter WME attacks. its experience working with In the event that prevention the nuclear counterterrorism proves unsuccessful, LANL 19
  • 22. Global Security Focus Area Event Response An event consists of a broad of Homeland Security (DHS), and engineering; preparing also enable users to assess range of threats or incidents that and the Environmental Protec- nuclear materials; conducting immediate consequences and may involve WME or natural tion Agency. Activities range characterization and chem- improve situational aware- characteristics. To meet the from threat identification to istry; detecting, identifying, ness. These capabilities are challenges associated with such mitigation, consequence manage- and diagnosing nuclear mate- widely recognized and applied a broad range of events, LANL ment, and forensics in support rials; gathering intelligence; in areas such as bio-defense, scientists and engineers must of attribution. Key capabili- and conducting criticality but there remain oppor- work in nontraditional ways to ties include the following: experiments and health tunities for broader use. provide the most useful infor- physics. All this expertise is mation and solution for na- • Sophisticated Training for brought to bear on effectively tional, state, and local response. Responders: LANL deploys and efficiently responding Opportunities This out-of-the-box approach subject-matter experts to to nuclear emergencies. requires a broad understand- respond to highly techni- Event response opportuni- ing of science, engineering, and cal threat scenarios, as well • Addressing Natural and ties include the following: applicable technologies. This as maintaining home-team Chem-Bio Threats: As part approach also inspires innovative or reach-back support. Los of the Field Intelligence Ele- • Supporting Emergency and efficient approaches toward Alamos staff members also ment, LANL uses analysis and Response Teams: Demands solving technical problems. train responders from a export-control techniques to placed on emergency respond- variety of agencies and apply anticipate, identify, under- ers since 9-11 have surpassed their technical expertise to stand, and mitigate natural the “volunteer fire depart- Core Capabilities develop tools, techniques, and chem-bio threats. Los ment” model. Rather than and procedures designed to Alamos areas of expertise training personnel for a few Since its inception during the counter chemical, biologi- include chemistry, biochem- days at a time, LANL will Manhattan Project, LANL has cal, radiological, nuclear, and istry, data-management/ work with its sponsors to been charged with develop- explosives scenarios. LANL analysis, laboratory analy- support personnel at a level ing and delivering scientifically support during these poten- sis, and HAZMAT field consistent with their abili- sound solutions to the most ur- tially catastrophic situations experience. LANL’s broad ties, thus enabling them to gent and technically challenging can directly and fundamen- technical underpinnings maintain proficiency and security issues facing the nation. tally impact the outcome. provide a unique combina- contribute routinely to the Los Alamos has developed a tion of talent that can be program. This approach will variety of unique core compe- • Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear used to detect, measure, and enhance professionalism and tencies that are well suited to Nonproliferation Expertise: model chem-bio threats both contribute to the safety of address Event Response needs. LANL has a uniquely broad remotely and on the ground. responders and the public. LANL’s Event Response Program and deep history in the provides technical expertise nuclear weapons program and • Multispectral Surveillance • Responding to Nonnuclear to the following agencies: U.S. the nuclear nonproliferation Technologies: Such LANL Events in Support of DHS: Department of Energy, Depart- program. This experience capabilities enable standoff, Bio-defense activities at ment of Defense, Federal Bureau base includes testing nuclear real-time identification and Los Alamos include threat of Investigation, Department weapons; performing design tracking of threats. They analysis, effects modeling, 20
  • 23. mitigation, response, foren- for federal agencies such as Joint Technical Operations sics, and attribution. There are the DHS and the Depart- Team infrastructure and near-term opportunities to ment of Defense. LANL’s staffing model will provide expand the breadth of capabil- infrastructure analysis a 24/7-response capability ities offered in these existing capabilities will provide an for chemical, biological, and program areas. In addition, ideal computational test bed cyber threat spaces. And LANL’s technical breadth for the design and assessment LANL has an opportunity and depth provide an ideal of innovative infrastructure to focus skills, capabilities, setting for the development systems. These assessments and facilities developed for of comprehensive risk-based will be employed to assess the nuclear weapons program assessment programs that technical performance of on an integrated, end-to-end are sought after within engineered infrastructure research, development, test- many DHS mission areas. systems (e.g., energy and ing, and evaluation capability telecommunications), as well in support of emerging and • Cultivating Domestic as the design of resilient and currently unmet counterter- Response Applications for efficient infrastructures. rorism mission requirements, Surveillance Capabilities: namely to enable the detec- LANL’s NISAC (National • Fostering Rapid Response tion, interdiction, and Infrastructure Simulation and Capabilities: LANL will upstream defeat of nuclear Analysis Center) provides enhance existing rapid and other WME threats. analysis in specific mission response capabilities to Work areas. LANL will leverage for Others Customers as such resources to provide a Skunk Works for advanced technically robust infrastruc- concept tools for responders. ture of intelligence analysis Continued extension of the 21
  • 24. Global Security Focus Area Resilent Global Infrastructure Infrastructure assurance, global Core Capabilities • Advanced Critical Infra- and more sustainable tech- energy supply, climate change, structure Modeling: LANL nologies into the nation’s and U.S. national security are LANL has a historic intersec- possesses some of the most infrastructure networks. Such inextricably interwoven to an un- tion of recognition, need, and advanced of these models, large-scale simulations are also foreseen extent with internation- capability that enables smart including some that are part critical for making decisions al, national, and regional implica- and resilient infrastructure of NISAC. These models regarding the impending tions. Furthermore, this complex transformation at the national have been used extensively by global greenhouse gas treaty system of dependencies is stressed and global scale. Key capabili- the DOE National Renew- and for actions related to simultaneously by challenges that ties include the following: able Energy Laboratory to stabilizing failed and failing range from climate change and design U.S. Electric Grid nations. Without such simula- resource depletion to pandemic • Computationally Based Anal- 2030. Researchers have also tions, the United States would disease and regional conflicts. yses and Multidisciplinary used these models to protect rely on traditional approaches, Team Assessment: LANL America’s critical infrastruc- such as to design, demon- According to one National Intel- currently supports the DHS’s ture from terrorist threats or strate, and re-engineer—an ligence Estimate, conflicts for infrastructure protection to enhance national prepared- expensive and time-limiting traditional energy and resources mission by providing compu- ness for handling large-scale approach to engineering. will intensify in the near future. tationally based analyses of disasters. Los Alamos plans Traditional dominance by the the potential consequences to merge these models with • Discovery, Development, United States in energy- and of large-scale natural or the latest global-asset-level and Deployment of Innova- infrastructure-related technolo- manmade events. Multidisci- data and imagery to enable tive Technologies: Although gies will gradually fade, with the plinary teams across LANL game-changing simula- infrastructure technology European Union and Japan perform the analysis. Core tions that have sufficient development is the domain assuming key leadership roles. capabilities include biology, fidelity and resolution. of private enterprise, LANL Technology globalization will chemistry, physics, engineer- can readily partner with continue to embolden rogue ing, mathematics, statistics, • Advanced Simulations industry to accelerate the pace states and terrorists to exploit economics, and computa- Enabled by LANL’s High- of innovation. Los Alamos vulnerabilities in America’s tional science, all of which Performance Computers: has a proven track record critical infrastructure, as well as are augmented by expertise Advanced simulations play a in designing and building the infrastructure of the nation’s in in-depth infrastructure vital role in assessing global innovative technologies that allies. Arguably the greatest chal- and socio-technical system strategies for inserting smarter meet the national need for lenge facing the nation today is domains. This combination to resolve these national security of expertise enables LANL concerns without catastrophic to understand and model consequences to climate, society, the extraordinarily complex and the world economy. systems that comprise the nation’s critical infrastructures. “We know refineries are vulnerable, and we must do all To meet this challenge, the The resultant combination of we can to make them as safe as they can be from terrorism, United States must reinvigorate high-performance computing resources and broad analyti- ... We must move faster and stronger to protect critical fundamental research so that sci- entists and engineers can develop cal capabilities enable LANL infrastructure in Texas and across America.” technologies capable of creating to address this complex and “smart and resilient” infrastruc- vitally important mission. – Jim Turner (D-Tex) tures at national and global scales. These infrastructures will readily withstand terrorist, natural, and anthropologic tests. 22
  • 25. energy. Products include small topology, and agent-based LANL will advance its and compact nuclear reactors global-scale computations world-class political, military, and large-scale energy-storage to individual agent resolu- economic, social, and infra- devices. LANL also continues tion that is enabled by Los structure interdependency to lead the way in integrat- Alamos supercomputing. The modeling and simulation to ing information technologies resultant high-end models a global scale. The resultant into an electric grid that in will enable users to evaluate decision-support environ- turn has led to innovative the effectiveness of alternate ment will enable decision smart-grid technologies. national- and global-scale makers to think globally strategies for informing policy while resolving a regional makers and private investors. issue—this is a vital objective Opportunities of multi-agency collabora- • Addressing Complex tive planning and response to LANL’s objective is to lead Technological Problems: As events of global significance. the nation in transforming recognized by a National infrastructure from one reli- Intelligence Estimate, ant on speedy response to infrastructure transforma- disasters to one that is resil- tion will undoubtedly bring ient to them. Opportuni- with it technological sur- ties include the following: prises. Almost every transfer of superpower status in the • Focus on Situational Aware- past has been associated with ness and Command, Control, national dominance over Communications, and Intel- emergence of a new technol- ligence: Beginning with ogy. Key federal agencies technologies for smart grid recognize that traditional and transforming to smart response to failed/failing planet, LANL will develop states and post-war stabiliza- and merge multiscale com- tion is inadequate during putational physics, network such global transformations. 23
  • 26. LANL Global Security Focus Areas Nuclear Nonproliferation Cyber Systems Space Systems Intelligence Analysis, Integration, and Exploitation Warfighter Support Countering Terrorist Tactics Countering Weapons of Mass Effect Event Response Resilient Global Infrastructure 24
  • 27. ational secu erging n rity r em cha the llen eo olv ace Systems, Intell ge S s, Sp igen s ys tem ce- rS AI e E, yb ,C W ar f n atio U.S. ght fer er Su Nonproli Nuclear p port, Deterrent ME • • CT , C- W ter WM un E Co ,E en r e, tR v tu esp r uc ons e, R e fr ast silient Global In LA-UR-09-07014 Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.