The document discusses the information processing cycle which consists of 4 steps: (1) input - entering data into the computer using devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners, (2) processing - performing operations on the data using the central processing unit (CPU) which interprets instructions and processes data, (3) output - displaying or producing the processed data, and (4) storage - saving the processed data in the computer's memory. The CPU, which can be a microprocessor, is the key component that executes programs and provides computers with their programmability.