![[object Object],VNUS Closure is the minimally invasive treatment for the medically indicated treatment of varicose veins Images courtesy of Paul McNeill, MD and Rajabrata Sarkar, MD](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Varicose Veins Minimally Invasive Treatment
- 1. Varicose Veins and Venous Insufficiency Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation of the Saphenous Vein Carlos R. Hamilton III, M.D. Hamilton Vein Center (281)565-0033 Sugar Land, TX hamiltonvein.com
- 3. Prevalence and Etiology of Venous Insufficiency Millions Venous reflux disease is 2x more prevalent than coronary heart disease (CHD) and 5x more prevalent than peripheral arterial disease (PAD) 2 Annual U.S. Incidence U.S. Prevalence
- 6. Pathophysiology of Venous Insufficiency
- 8. 20+ million 2 to 6 million Skin Ulcers 500,000 Manifestations of Venous Insufficiency Superficial venous reflux is progressive and if left untreated, may worsen over time. Below are manifestations of the disease. 8 Photos courtesy of Rajabrata Sarkar, MD, PhD. Swollen Legs Skin Changes Varicose Veins
- 11. VNUS ® ClosureFAST™ Procedure
- 12. Efficacy of the ClosureFAST Catheter: Occlusion N=142 96.2% 1
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Notes: Market research indicates that over 2 million work days are lost annually in the US and $1.4 billion is spent each year on this common medical condition (Sources: American Heart Association, SIR,Brand et al. “The Epidemiology of Varicose Veins: The Framingham Study”)
- Notes: Statistics show that of the 25 million people in the U.S. who suffer from symptomatic reflux, only about 5% seek treatment annually; 2/3 of patients who do seek treatment have saphenous reflux When left untreated, venous reflux can lead to significant clinical issues, like pain, swelling, varicose veins, skin changes, and ulcers With advancing age, especially with females, the prevalence of venous disease grows The typical female patient is in her 40’s and has had multiple pregnancies It is estimated that in America, 72% of women and 42% of men will experience varicose veins by the time they reach their 60s; prevalence is highly correlated to age and gender (Barron HC, Ross BA. Varicose Veins: A guide to prevention and treatment. NY, NY: Facts on File, Inc. [An Infobase Holdings Company]; 1995;vii.)
- Notes: This diagram shows the interrelation between superficial and deep venous systems and the perforators that connect the two systems Deep venous system Superficial venous system Saphenous veins Lateral venous complex Perforating veins
- Notes: Healthy leg veins contain valves that open and close to assist the return of blood back to the heart Venous insufficiency or venous reflux disease develops when the valves that keep blood flowing out of the legs and back to the heart become damaged or diseased Venous insufficiency is the result of over-dilation of the venous vessels in the legs. This dilation eventually prevents the valve cusps from closing properly, resulting in reflux. The pooling of blood results in ineffective flow back to the heart. In some cases the reflux is caused not only by the over-dilation of the vessel wall, but also by damaged or absent valves. In this case, the valves have been so badly damaged, or degenerated, that they are almost nonexistent and no longer function To assess if venous reflux is present, a duplex ultrasound scan is performed
- Notes: Gender : Approximately four times as many women as men are affected by varicose veins, suggesting that female hormones may be a risk factor Age : Generally, most elderly individuals show some degree of varicose vein occurrence Heredity : Weak vein walls and valves, as well as shortage of vein valves, seem to be inherited characteristics, and may play a role in determining who develops varicose veins and at what age Pregnancy : is associated with an increase in blood volume. Also, added pressure on the veins in the legs by the weight of the growing uterus and the relaxation effects of the hormones estrogen and progesterone on the vein walls contribute to the development of varicose veins during pregnancy Standing occupation : causes a great amount of pressure to develop in the leg veins Obesity : the added weight causes a great amount of pressure on the veins in the legs Prior trauma or surgery to the leg could cause interruption of the normal blood flow channels Sedentary lifestyle/prolonged sitting : The calf muscles are inactive and therefore can’t help push venous blood back up to the heart. This causes blood to pool in the veins, thus resulting in increased pressure on the vein walls
- Notes: Although often underestimated as a cosmetic problem, venous insufficiency can produce significant clinical problems for the patient An estimated 25 million people in the United States have varicose veins, 2 to 6 million have more advanced forms of chronic venous insufficiency (swelling, skin changes), and nearly 500,000 have painful venous ulcers. (White JV, Ryjewski C. Chronic venous insufficiency. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 2005;17:319-27) Overall, as the severity of the disease progresses, quality of life decreases
- Notes: CEAP Classifications are used to determine the severity of venous disease. C= Clinical signs (grade 0-6) E= Etiologic Classification (congenital, primary, or secondary) A= Anatomic Distribution (superficial, deep, perforator; alone or in combination) P= Pathophysiologic Dysfunction (reflux of obstruction; alone or in combination) CEAP Class 0 - No visible or palpable signs of venous disease Patient is asymptomatic. CEAP Class 1 – Telangiectasias or reticular veins Patient presents with “spider veins” which are very small diameter vessels that appear as starburst-like lines. CEAP Class 2 - Varicose Veins Varicose veins are elongated, dilated, tortuous, pouched and thickened veins with incompetent valves. In addition to varicose veins, a high percentage of patients also have incompetence of one or more of the key “gatekeeper” valves, e.g., the terminal valves of the saphenofermoral junction or saphenopopliteal junction, and/or perforating veins. CEAP Class 3 - Edema This next progressive state of venous insufficiency occurs as the result of venous hypertension forcing fluid into the lymphatic and interstitial spaces resulting in extreme reflux and poor antegrade flow. This causes swelling of the limb. Pain and discomfort are typical of this classification, particularly in the lower leg (calf & ankle) where proximity of nerves exacerbates the situation. In addition to superficial involvement, these stages may include some portion of the deep system (including perforators). CEAP Class 4a and 4b - Skin Changes Including Pigmentation and Venous Ezcema or with Lipodermatosclerosis CEAP 5 and 6 – Healed and Active Venous Ulcer This is the most severe form of venous insufficiency and typically involve both the deep (including perforators) and superficial systems. Extreme reflux and venous hypertension result in changes in the microcirculation of the skin eventually leading to severe ulceration. It is believed that communication via the perforator veins between the deep and superficial systems is a primary component of these classes.
- Notes: Collagen Contraction The application of heat to human tendon tissue causes collagen tissue to be shortened. (Vangsness, CT Jr. Et al:”Collagen Shortening: An Experimental Approach with Heat,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, No. 337, 267-271, 1997) VNUS animal research has demonstrated that the application of controlled heating to the vein wall causes the collagen fibrils to contract (shorten) and thicken, and the vein to significantly shrink in diameter. Effects of controlled heating of the vein wall Thermal energy is quickly transferred from the Closure FAST catheter’s heating element to the vein wall through conduction. Heating of the vein wall tissue causes endothelial destruction and collagen contraction that result in vein occlusion. Thermal energy causes collagen to undergo the following changes: Heat sensitive bonds break at 60ºC Crystalline extended structure begins to uncoil, causing the collagen fibrils to shorten and thicken. As the molecule contracts, its diameter increases, causing a reduction in vein lumen diameter Histological Effects of RF heating Controlled thermal injury to the vessel wall causes the following changes in the histology of the vessel resulting in vein contraction. When the vein wall is exposed to sufficient thermal energy it causes: Endothelial denudation, Collagen denaturation, Smooth muscle necrosis, Vein wall shrinkage and thickening, and Vessel lumen reduction. Following these immediate effects, the treated vessel undergoes an inflammatory response, fibroblast infiltration, new collagen deposition, and eventual fibrosis.
- Notes: The procedure is performed under local anesthesia Using ultrasound, the Closure catheter is positioned into the diseased vein through a small opening in the skin The slender catheter is powered by radiofrequency (RF) energy which delivers heat to the vein wall As thermal energy is delivered, the vein wall shrinks and the vein is sealed closed Once the diseased vein is closed, blood is re-routed to other healthy veins
- Notes: These are results from a multicenter prospective study including 324 patients and 395 limbs: This Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrates the durability of the procedure with 96.2% vein occlusion rate at 12 months (Dietzek A. ClosureFAST is better than first generation radiofrequency ablation—a quantum leap forward. 34th Veith Symposium. Nov 14-18, 2007, New York) Vein occlusion rate with Closure Plus was 87% at 1 year (Merchant RF, et al. J Vasc Surg 2005; 42: 502-509) Vein occlusion with EVL 76% - 97% at 1 year, 2, 3 (Sharif MA, et al. Br J Surg. 2006; 93:831-5., Min RJ, et al. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14: 991-6)
- Notes: Following the VNUS Closure procedure, patients can resume normal activities within one to two days compared to the postoperative convalescence of two or more weeks commonly experienced following traditional vein stripping By addressing the underlying condition of venous reflux disease, the appearance of the legs may improve following the VNUS Closure procedure After the VNUS Closure procedure, patient symptoms can improve quickly and cosmetic issues become easier to address The Closure procedure is also widely covered by Medicare and most private insurance plans
- Notes: From March 23, 2007 to December 14, 2007 a six-center single-blinded randomized trial was conducted evaluating the patient recovery experience of patients treated with the VNUS ClosureFAST RF Catheter and the 980nm endovenous laser. The study was sponsored by VNUS Medical Technologies. The data presented here has been independently reviewed for completeness and accuracy. Data is on file.
- -I have performed both endovenous laser ablation and endovenous radiofrequency ablation. -All of the statistics aside the recovery from radiofrequency ablation is so much better that it is amazing. -The difference is night and day. -About 80% of my laser patients would call me for days after the procedure. Asking if the pain they were having is normal. -Currently no one has called to complain of pain after RF ablation. -RF ablation causes only minimal bruising.