The document discusses colon cancer prevalence, risk factors, and preventative methods. It notes that colon cancer rates increase after age 50 and are higher in black men. A high fiber diet from foods like grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans may help prevent colon cancer by promoting regular bowel movements and reducing carcinogen exposure in the colon. Regular screening can detect pre-cancerous polyps and detect cancer early to improve outcomes.

1. Fiber: It Does A Colon Good A Case Study by: Cheryl Reining May 20, 2011

4. Demographic Incidence Rates X X X X X X X X X X 4. Cancers Diagnosed at Late Stages Despite Available Screening Tests. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/what_cdc_is_doing/tests_article.htm . Accessed May 9, 2011. Late-stage colon and rectum cancer Incidence rates ranged from 51.0 to 86.5 and were highest In these 10 states.

5. Adenomatous polyps (Pre-malignant) Small nodules on bowel wall Deletion of tumor suppressor genes on Chromosome 18 Impaired cell cycle Oncogene Colon Cancer (Cecal) Tumor proliferation Increased basal metabolic rate Cancer cachexia Increased recuperation time from illness & infection Obstruction in colon Change in bowel Pain Death Malnutrition Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer 5. Colon Adenocarcinoma: Pathophysiology. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277496-overview#a0104 . Accessed April 25, 2011 .

9. Screening 8. Illinois – 2008 Colorectal Cancer Screening. Available at: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/display.asp?cat=CC&yr=2008&qkey=4425&state=IL . Accessed May 7, 2011. 59.1 = yes 40.9 = no

12. Diet High in Fiber High Levels of Butyrate Induction of p21 (p53-independent manner) Growth Inhibition Protection against Colorectal Cancer Apoptosis Differentiation Butyrate 11. Shankar E , Basu C , Adkins B , Siede W , Basu A . NSC109268 potentiates cisplatin-induced cell death in a p53-independent manner. J Mol Signal . 2010 May 10;5:4.

21. Pertinent Medications Swelling of the tongue or lips, difficulty in breathing, closing of the throat Anticoagulant (blood thinner) – prevents blood clots Heparin 5000 units subcutaneous q 12 hr Nausea, diarrhea Increases rate of stomach and intestine movement during digestion. Used for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting Reglan Constipation, dry mouth, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting Note: An increase in fiber can help to relieve the side effects of constipation. Pain reliever Dilaudid .2-.5 IV push every 5 min. to max of 5 mg Diarrhea, stomach upset, nausea Decreases acid in the stomach (to treat UGI Bleed) Protonix 40 g IV daily Nutritional Implications Purpose or Function Medication and Amount

22. Pertinent Lab Values Low - Due to malnutrition and bleeding 3.5-5 g/dL 2.6 g/dL 2.4 g/dL Albumin Low -Due to low albumin level 8.9-10.3 mg/dL - 7.7 mg/ dL Calcium Low -Protein starvation or liver disease 0.8-1.4 mg/dL .6 mg/ dL .7 mg/dL Creatinine Low -Possible cachexia or liver damage 8-20 mg/dL 7.7mg/ dL 6.3 mg/ dL BUN High -May be due to acute stress reaction 70-110 mg/dL Fasting 119 mg/ dL 127 mg/ dL Glucose Interpretation Normal Value/Range 11-04-07 10-29-07

26. Recommended Diet Breakfast ¾ cups Cheerios ½ banana 1 cup milk 1 cup coffee (black, no sugar) Snack ½ can Ensure Plus with 1 small apple Lunch 2 slices whole-wheat bread 2 slices lean turkey 2 leaves romaine lettuce 2 tomato slices 1 Tbsp. reduced-fat mayonnaise Iced tea Snack ½ can Ensure Plus with ½ cup grapes Dinner ½ baked boneless, skinless chicken breast ½ cup mashed potatoes w/Smart Balance spread ½ cup green beans & ½ cup carrots (steamed) Iced tea Snack Ensure Plus