1. Forensics: Guide to a Crime Scene and Crime Scene Investigations

2. Overview Relevance Definition of Forensics/Crime scene Evidence/Training/Tools/Coroner Photography/Blood spatter patterns/DNA testing Application Conclusion Visit the crime scene

3. Personal Relevance (“www.planet-csi.com/image#16D25E”) (“article32.files.wordpres#16D1B9”) (“www.msc.navy.mil/.webloc”) (“images.google.com/.webloc”) (“www.loftmusic.co.uk/wp-c#16CD71”) (“images.buddytv.com/.webloc”) (“flowtv.org/wp-content/up#16CD5F”) (“mentaldefective.files.wo#16CDA6”)

4. Relevant To You Forensic and criminal investigations are relevant to everyone because someone you love could be involved in a murder or there are wanted signs hanging around your neighborhood that scare you. There are people who work to keep you safe and when that fails, they work to put the criminals away.

6. Involves crime or a civil action

7. DNA to identify

8. Usually concerns a corpse

9. Science and technology used to find unknown facts defying the court of law(“Dictionary.com”) (“Freedictionary.com”)

10. Crime Scene Investigation “Crime scene investigation is the meeting point of science, logic and law. "Processing a crime scene" is a long, tedious process that involves purposeful documentation of the conditions at the scene and the collection of any physical evidence that could possibly illuminate what happened and point to who did it. There is no typical crime scene, there is no typical body of evidence and there is no typical investigative approach.” (“science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm”)

12. “Cool Change”

13. “Table Stakes”

14. “Read the Room”

15. “Grid Search”

16. “No-Knock Warrant”

17. Criminalistics- connection of science to the “physical evidence, such as bloodstains, DNA, and bullet trajectories.”

18. Criminology- “psychological angle, which involves studying crime scenes for motives, traits, and behavior that will help to interpret the evidence.”(“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I”)

21. Physical-“Reserved for the crime scene technicians who are trained in how to collect it, and for the criminalists, identification technicians, or forensic scientists who do the analyses.

22. 5 different classifications1.Temporary 2.Conditional 3.Associative 4.Pattern 5.Trace/transfer (“N.E. Genge, The Forensic Casebook”)

25. Take Notes

26. Evaluate, sketch, and photograph the scene

27. Find and collect physical evidence for analysis with different types of equipment

28. Prepare detailed report and be capable to testify in court

29. Looking for: Fingerprints, Impressions, Body fluids, Other biological evidence, Tract evidence, Weapons, Questioned documents , Special evidence in cases of arson or explosions.(“Flikr/rafaelomondini”) (“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I”)

31. Box of chalk

32. Magnifying glass

33. Flashlight

34. Swabs

35. Sketchpad or logbooks

36. Camera and a cassette recorder

37. Disposable clothing, gloves, and masks

38. String, measuring implements, evidence flags or markers, lint pick-up roller

39. Portable alternative light source (ALS), ultraviolet, or laser(“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I.”) (“Flikr/Lauramcgriffith”)

41. Clear lifting tape

42. Latent print cards and elimination print forms, with markers

43. Fingerprint card container, to keep them separate

44. Ink pad for taking prints on the spot

45. Scissors, and scalpel

46. Evidence rulers of different lengths or measuring tape

47. Evidence seals, tags, bags, and boxes of different sizes(“Howstuffworks.com”)

48. What You Might Find In a CSI Van: An Article by Julia Layton- Hack saws, pliers, a pipe wrench, a pry bar, wire cutters, bolt cutters, shovels, sifters, a pocket knife, measuring tapes, orange marker flags, a flashlight, batteries, chalk, forceps, Vise-Grips, a compass, a magnet, a metal detector, distilled water, kneeling pads, and stuffed animals for child victims. (“science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm”) flikr/jtl308

49. People at the Scene Police Officers CSI unit District attorney Medical examiner Specialists Detectives (“science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm”)

51. Artist/sculptor

52. Accountant

53. Ballistics expert

54. Botanist

55. Chemist/trace expert

56. Dactyloscopist

57. Entomologist

58. Entomologist

59. Geologist

60. Geographical profiler

61. Linguist

62. Mental health expert/criminologist/profiler

63. Odontologist/dentist

64. Serologist(“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I.”) (“Dictionary.com”)

66. First called the “crowner”

67. King would confiscate a deceased person’s property and the “crowner” would collect it’s taxes

68. The coroner would please the family with a decent cause of death

69. Medical examiners with degrees in pathology have taken over the coroner’s job today(“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I.”) (“Wsiuntangledweb.com”)

70. The coroner Continued… The coroner’s job is to: Investigate all deaths by violence, criminal means, suicide, or unattended death Order autopsies Provide identification of victims Conduct inquests Hold unidentified remains in the morgue Keep violent death statistics (“N.E. Genge, The Forensic Casebook”)

71. Autopsy's Goals Determine the identity of the decedent Determine the cause of death Determine the manner of death Determine the mechanism (or mode) of death Determine the time of death Manner of death can be: accident, suicide, murder, or natural (“theforensiccasebook”)

72. Snapshots of the Scene (“Flikr/Johncarney”) (“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I.”)

73. Good Photographing Skills To keep in mind: Set camera for correct exposure, record evidence that might be in a shadow Maximum depth of field, with a smaller lens opening and with a shorter focal length lenses Good perspective with no distortions Sharp focus (“Katherine Ramsland, The Forensic Science of C.S.I.”) (“Viritech.com”)

74. Preserving the Evidence Plan of Operation Fragile evidence is immediately collected after photographed Special clothing and tools are used for biohazards Evidence receives a numbered flag or marker where it was found Collection of the evidence will be thoroughly threatened by defense lawyers for truth. Chain of custody (“Flikr/Tourista de mancunia”) (“N.E. Genge, The Forensic Casebook”)

75. Manner of Death into 5 Categories: 1. Natural 2. Accidental 3. Suicide 4. Homicide 5. Undetermined (“Theforensicscience”)

76. Human Remains “Deaths not the result of natural causes such as disease or expiring in bed from old age, should be investigated.” “Natural deaths should be investigated if caused by a contagious disease that could harm the community. All childhood deaths are investigated, and deaths of people in the public eye.” “Unattended Deaths” (“Theforensicscience”)

77. Blood Spatter Patterns “The physical presence of blood droplets– their shape and number, as well as the patterns made when they fell or were sprayed against walls, floor, or ceiling—tells a story.” Wide and close photographic views of individual blood spatters Scale and relative position are taken with the ceiling spatters The shape and size of drops should be recorded with micro scales Velocity of the droplets (“Theforensiccasebook”) (“http://wpsmedia.latimes.com”)

79. “Crown”

80. The angles of impact is equal to the arc sin (width/length)Low Velocity (“Theforensiccasebook”) (“Studiesinbloodstainpatternanalysis”)

81. Insect Activity Showing that a body may have been moved Serving as specimens for toxicological or drug analysis Providing DNA materials from insect ingestion contents Supporting or contradicting an alibi Assessing when wounds were made to a body (“Theforensicscienceofcsi”)

82. Advantages of DNA Testing Every cell in an individual’s body contains identical DNA. Fingerprints come only from fingers, but DNA can be found in blood, urine, feces, saliva, some hair, shed skin cells found in face cloth or toothbrush even in a sweatband. DNA can survive longer than a fingerprint DNA can indicate familial relationships DNA evidence does not combine (“Theforensiccasebook”)

83. Fun Fact “In the U.S., the National Institute of Justice has a checklist of items investigators should consider in determining where DNA evidence might be found and suggests the collection of these: Fingernails or fingernail parings Tissues, paper towels, napkins, cotton swabs, ear swabs (bag everything in a bathroom wastebasket) Toothpicks, cigarette butts, straws, anything else that might have been in contact with the mouth, like cellular phones Blankets, pillows, sheets, mattresses, dirty laundry Head gear of any type Eyeglasses, contact lenses Used stamps, envelopes Tapes, ropes, cords, anything else used as ligatures Condoms Bullets that have passed through bodies (“Theforensiccasebook”) chicouniform

84. Investigators Have Rules Bring lots of gloves and change often Try usingdisposable tools Hold individual swabs with disposable craft sticks prevents transfer of DNA evidence from one sample to the next. Avoid contact between gloved hands and face or hair. Don’t touch surfaces except with collection material. Avoid talking, sneezing, or coughing by using a mask to keep one’s own germs off the scene. Most evidence is damp and should be air dried, then packaged in non-plastic containers to prevent mold or bacteria from contaminating the evidence. (“Theforensiccasebook”)

85. Investigating (“science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm”)

86. Divisions and Personnel Questioned documents Polygraph Evidence collection Evidence storage Setup rooms Administrative offices General instruments Computer analysis Evidence clerks Drying area Photography Identification Chemistry/biology Firearms/ballistics/tool marks Arson/explosives Trace (“forensicscienceofcsi”)

87. Four Federal Crime Labs FBI (Department of Justice) DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms U.S. Postal Inspection Service (“forensicscience”) www.highnoonfilm.com Military placques healthlawblog deathby1000papercuts

88. Also offered by the FBI to C.S.I’s: Firearms Reference Collection Standard Ammunition File Explosives Reference File Materials and Fibers Cigarette Id (for butts) Type-writer Standards File Office Copier Standards File Automobile Paint File Hair Types (animal and human) Tire Tread File

89. Conclusion My knowledge in forensics and the career of a crime scene investigator has excelled throughout the past year and a half. What I have found has proved that it is an extremely tough and serious career. It also takes years to reach the potential of getting hired to be a C.S.I. It has changed my mind drastically about my future.

90. Citations Barron's forensics the easy way / Harold H. Trimm.Trimm, Harold H. (Harold Henry), 1955- Hauppauge, NY : Barron's, c2005. www.msc.navy.mil/.webloc mentaldefective.files.wo#16CDA6 www.planet-csi.com/image#16D25E article32.files.wordpres#16D1B9 www.loftmusic.co.uk/wp-c#16CD71 images.google.com/.webloc flowtv.org/wp-content/up#16CD5F images.buddytv.com/.webloc Crime scene detective : become a forensics super sleuth, with do-it-yourself activities / Carey ScotScott, Carey. New York : DK Pub., 2007.

91. Citations Forgeries, fingerprints, and forensics / by Janice Parker ; [illustrations, Chantelle Sales].Parker, Janice. Austin, Tex. : Raintree Steck-Vaughn, [1999], c2000. World of forensic science. Volume 1, A-L / K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors.Farmington Hills, MI : Thomson/Gale, c2006. Forensics demystified / Barry A.J. Fisher, David R. Fisher, Jason Kolowski ; with a foreword by PeteFisher, Barry A. J. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2007. Forensics for dummies / by D.P. Lyle.Lyle, D. P. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley Pub., c2004. Careers in criminal profiling / Janey Levy.Levy, Janey. New York : Rosen Pub., 2008. CSI: NY. TV Guide, 9/14/2009, Vol. 57 Issue 37, p45-45, 1/2p, 1 color; (AN 44312494) CSUF bolsters science. (cover story) By: Keller, Ben. Business Journal Serving Fresno & the Central San Joaquin Valley, 7/17/2009, Issue 324050, p1-4, 2p; (AN 43374469)

92. Citations Forensic Science Investigated. By: Glantz, Shelley. Library Media Connection, Oct2009, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p95-95, 1/8p; (AN 44773919) GPS Forensics, Crime, and Jamming. By: Last, David. GPS World, Oct2009, Vol. 20 Issue 10, p8-12, 3p; (AN 44482555) Irrefutable Evidence: Adventures in the History of Forensic Science. Publishers Weekly, 9/28/2009, Vol. 256 Issue 39, p57-57, 1/5p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1390; (AN 44524248) Microsoft gives police training in IT forensics. By: Grant, Ian. Computer Weekly, 6/9/2009, p6-6, 1/4p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1170; (AN 42998813) Scene of the crime. By: Clapp, Rodney. Christian Century, 6/2/2009, Vol. 126 Issue 11, p45-45, 1p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1160; (AN 41036620) Should forensic labs be separated from law enforcement agencies? By: Thompson, William C.; Collins, John M.. CQ Researcher, 7/17/2009, Vol. 19 Issue 25, p613-613, 1p; (AN 43671488) Sketch the scene to find the cheat. By: Callaway, Ewen. New Scientist, 10/10/2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2729, p11-11, 1p; Reading Level (Lexile): 1330; (AN 44642193) www.criminology.fsu.edu/#102952

93. Citations www.exploreforensics.co.#102962 www.cartoonsolutions.com#177D9A www.forensicmag.com.webloc www.ornl.gov/hgmis/elsi/#102916 www.sciencedaily.com/new#102982

94. Classroom Crime Scene Activity -Body moved to classroom -Location- Las Vegas/King of Prussia -Evidence- Massive knife, purple purse (victims blood on both)/cigarette, bottle (DNA, fingerprints) -Victim- Taylor McDermott -Murderer- M_ _ _ _ _ _ S _ _ _ _ -Witness- Elise Rhoads

95. Time of Death DI makes informed guess at approximate time when individual expired Estimating: 1. Body Temperature (algor mortis) 2. Discoloration (livor mortis) 3. Rigor mortis 4. Ocular indicators 5. Food digestion 6. Personal factors 7. Decay/ decomposition rates (“Theforensicscience”)