The document provides an overview of South America, including its geography, countries, history, culture, and economics. It discusses how historical figures and events have shaped the region. Key physical features are described, such as the Andes Mountains and Amazon River. For each country, the document outlines its location, capital, landscape, climate, population, language, religion, government, and economy. It also provides context on how the exchange between the Eastern and Western hemispheres beginning in the 15th century impacted South America.

1. South America

2. 1. How have historical figures and events affected South America today? How has location affected the development of countries in South America? How has the role of the government changed over time in South America countries? What physical and cultural characteristics make the countries of South America countries? What factors have contributed to economics success and failures in different South American countries? Essential Questions

3. Political Map

4. Caribbean Sea Lake Maracaibo Physical Map Orinoco River Atlantic Ocean Llanos Angle Falls Guiana High lands Amazon River Amazon Basin Galapagos Islands MatoGrosso Plateau Pacific Ocean Brazilian Highlands Lake Titicaca Andes Mountains Atacama Desert Pampas Rio Del Plata Patagonia Strait of Magellan Tierra del Fuego

5. Areas of South America Caribbean South America- Colombia Venezuela Guyana Suriname French Guiana Atlantic South America- Brazil Paraguay Argentina Uruguay Pacific South America Ecuador Peru Bolivia Chile

6. Key Terms

7. Colombia Animal Region- Caribbean South America Capital-Bogota Landform-Andes, Llanos Body of Water-Cauca River Climate-Humid subtropical, Highlands, Tropical savanna Population-43 million Language-Romance-Spanish and Portuguese Religion-Christianity-northwestern section Government-Republic Economy-Agriculture, oil, iron ore, gold, coal and emeralds 80% of Columbian flowers are shipped to the US

8. Venezuela Animal Red-billed Toucan Joropo- Lively couples dance. Simon Bolivar-led Venezuelan Revolution against Spain Region: Caribbean South America Capital: Caracas Landform: Llanos Body of Water: Orinoco River-longest river in South America, Angel Falls, Climate: Warm temperatures year round- but varies with elevation Population: 25.4 million Language: Spanish Religion: 50% Christianity, 50% No dominate religion Government: Federal Republic Economy: Oil

9. Guyana Animal Region: Caribbean South America Capital: Georgetown Landform: Guiana Highlands Much of Guyana is covered by the rain forest Body of Water: Atlantic Ocean Climate: Warm temperatures year round- but varies with elevation Population: 765,000 Language: English Religion: 50% Christianity, 50% No dominate religion Government: Republic Economy: Rice and sugar cane

10. Suriname Animal Region: Caribbean South America Capital: Paramaribo Landform: Guiana Highlands Body of Water: Atlantic Ocean Climate: Warm temperatures year round- but varies with elevation Population: 438,100 Language: Dutch Religion: 50% Christianity, 50% No dominate religion Government: Republic Economy: Rice and sugar cane

11. French Guiana Animal Region: Caribbean South America Capital: Cayenne Landform: flat land Body of Water: Atlantic Ocean Climate: Warm temperatures year round- but varies with elevation Population: 217,000 Religion: 50% Christianity, 50% No dominate religion Government: Republic Economy: Heavily depends on France- mainly fishing

12. Brazil Carnival-Festival that Brizillians celebrate before the Christian season of Lent Soccer- futbol-most popular sport Region: Atlantic South America Capital: Brasilia Landform: Amazon Basin (Giant flood plain Body of Water: Amazon River Climate: Tropical Savanna, Humid tropical, Humid subtropical, steppe, and marine west coast Population:186. 1 million American Indians were the first people who lived in Brazil Language: Portuguese Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Federal Republic Economy: Regions Southeast- Largest cities, rich in natural resources, productive farmland, coffee growing region Northeast- Poorest region, cannot read and health care is poor-known for tourism-beautiful beaches Interior- Abundant land and mild climate-could be a strong agriculture area. The Amazon-industrial area- areas of the dense rain forest are now being developed –mining and logging- new roads are bringing more people to area.

13. Paraguay Animal Region: Atlantic South America Capital: Asuncion Landform: Landlocked country Gran Chaco Body of Water: Paraguay River Climate: Humid Subtropical Population: 6.3 million Language: Spanish, Guarani Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: Paraguay’s wealth is controlled by a few rich families and companies. Agriculture is very important-cotton, corn, soybeans and sugarcane

14. Uruguay Animal Region: Atlantic South America Capital: Montevideo Landform: plains Body of Water: Rio de la Plata- estuary- partially enclosed body of water where fresh water mixes with salt water Climate: Humid subtropical Population: 3.4 million Language: Spanish Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: Beef is important export – Agriculture and manufacturing is basis of economy

15. Argentina Animal Region: Atlantic South America Southern most country in South America Capital: Buenos Aires Landform: Patagonia-region of dry plains and plateaus Pampas- wide grassy plain Andes-mountains Body of Water: Parana River Climate: Marine west coast, steppe Population: 39.5 million (Argentina’s culture has been mostly influenced by Europeans Language: Spanish Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: Economy has always been affected by government policies- Argentina joined a group- Mercosur-group that promotes trade and economic cooperation Agriculture- produce beef, grow wheat and corn Informal economy- part of the economy based on odd jobs that people perform without government regulation through taxes.

16. Ecuador Animal Region: Pacific South America Capital: Quito Landform: Andes Body of Water: Gulf of Guayaquil Climate: Mediterranean Population: 13.4 million Language: Spanish, Quechua Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: 3 regions Coastal lowlands- agriculture and industry Andean region- poorer-tourism Amazon basin- valuable oil deposits

17. Peru Animal Region: Pacific South America Capital: Lima Landform: Andes Body of Water: Lake Titicaca Climate: Highland and Desert Population: 27.9 million Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: Resources-key factor Mineral deposits Hydroelectric projects Highlands- grow potatoes and corn

18. Bolivia Animal Region: Pacific South America Capital: :La Paz, Sucre Landform: Andes Body of Water: Lake Titicaca Climate: Tropical savanna, Highland Population: 8.9 million Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic Economy: Poorest country in South America Few roads and little money for investment Valuable resources- metals and natural gas

19. Chile Animal Region: Pacific South America Capital: Santiago Landform: Atacama Desert-(Known for being cloudy and dry) Body of Water: Pacific Ocean Climate: Desert, Mediterranean, Marine West Coast Population: 16 million Language: Spanish Religion: Roman Catholic Government: Republic 1970- After the coup, Chile was ruled by harsh military government Economy: Strongest in the Pacific South America region Agriculture –grapes-(wine) Fishing Farming Mining International trade –key factor to Chile’s economy

20. Colombian Exchange By the 1400’s the Inca, an early people who ruled a vast empire in western South America, had developed thousands of varieties of potatoes. So, how did potatoes get from such a faraway time and place to part of our everyday lives? Before 1400’s people living in the Eastern Hemisphere were unknown to people living in the Western Hemisphere. This changed in 1492, when explorer Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain and landed in the Bahamas in the Americas. Believing he had reached the Indies of Asia, Columbus named the people on the islands, “Indians” and claimed the land for Spain He returned the next year bringing many ships and men and with this trip, Columbus began what is known as the “Columbian Exchange”-An exchange of people, animals, plants and even diseases between the two hemispheres