Presented at the Basin Focal Project Poverty Mapping Workshop, November 2007, Chiang Mai, Thailand

1. DISCOVERI G WATER/POVERTY LI KS
I THE SÃO FRA CISCO RIVER BASI :
BASIC DATABASE
Marcelo Torres
&
SFRB Team
September 2007 SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

2. Poverty in the SFRB
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

3. Rural Poverty in the SFRB
2003 Rural Extreme Poverty-
Poverty Rural Poverty Rural
% of % of
Rural Rural
Absolute Pop Absolute Pop
Total for 1,012,09
SFRB 5 28% 345,677 9%
Alagoas 163,307 41% 70,400 2.6%
Bahía 328,313 23% 139,941 9.7%
Goiás 7,792 21% 2,846 7.5%
Minas Gerais 178,006 22% 43,214 5.3%
Pernambuco 258,004 37% 53,484 7.6%
Sergipe 48,635 37% 19,603 14.9%
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

4. Spatial Clusters of Rural Poverty in the SFRB
Cluster 1
Cluster 3
Cluster 2
ot Significant
Low - Low
High-High
High-Low
Low-High
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

5. Poverty
• % Poor and extremely poor 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP)
Definition: percentage of people living in a household in which the monthly
income per capita was below ½ (poor) and ¼ (extremely poor) of the
minimum wage.
• Intensity of Poverty 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP)
Definition: difference between average monthly income and the poverty line
in percentage terms.
• % Poor and extremely poor 2003 (IPEA/FIPE)
– Rural, Urban and Total
• Definition: Extremely Poor - Percentage of people leaving in a
household in which the monthly income per-capita is insufficient to buy
a basket of goods that provide minimum caloric content.
• Poor - Percentage of people that leave in a household in which the
monthly income per-capita is sufficient to buy the minimum calorie
basket of goods, but not sufficient to cover minimum costs with
housing, transportation, health etc.
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

6. Geographic/Precipitation
• Latitude (IBGE)
• Longitude (IBGE)
• Altitude (IBGE)
• Area in sq meters (IBGE)
• Slope, 1 km grid (GTOPO30)
– Mean and Standard Deviation
• Precipitation (IWMI)
– Mean and Standard Deviation over a given number of
years
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

7. Income, Income Inequality
and HDI
• Per capita Income 1991 and 2000
(IPEADATA/UNDP)
• Value of the average monthly household income in
Brazilian Reais, 2000 - Total, Urban and Rural
(IBGE)
• Gini Coefficient 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)
• Human Development Index 1991 and 2000
(IPEADATA/UNDP)
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

8. Demographics
• Total, Urban and Rural Population 1991 and
2000 (IBGE)
• Life Expectancy 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)
• Under Five Mortality Rate 1991 and 2000
(IBGE)
• Dependency Ratio in 2000 - Total, Urban and
Rural (IBGE).
• (People 0<15 and >59+)/(People 15-59)
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

9. Education
• Average Years of Education (population over
25), 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)
• Percentage of Chidren 7-14 in school, 1991
and 2000 (IBGE)
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

10. Endowments
• Labor
– Number of people 10 years old or more that are
economically active 1991 and 2000. (IBGE)
• Land
– Number of hectares owned, shared, simply occupied,
rented, 1995 (IBGE).
• Human Capital
– Difference between the discounted expected present value
of income associated with education and the income
generated by a person without education and experience.
1980, 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP/IBGE).
• Rural Credit
– Total value of rural credit (marketing, investment and
inputs) provided by the financial institutions of the
municipio in the year of 2000 to 2004. (Brazilian Central
Bank) SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

11. Transportation and
Access to Markets
• Distance to the Federal Capital (IPEA)
• Distance to the state capital (IPEA)
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

12. Access to Water
• Percentage of people that uses the water utility
network as the main source, 2000 (IBGE)
– Total, Urban and Rural
• Percentage of people that uses water from wells
and springs as the main source, 2000 (IBGE)
– Total, Urban and Rural
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

13. Access to Basic Sanitation
• Percentage of people that that live in a household
connected to water utility sanitation network, 2000
(IBGE)
– Total, Urban and Rural
• Percentage of people that uses septic tanks, 2000 (IBGE)
– Total, Urban and Rural
• Percentage of people with no bathrooms/no toilettes,
2000 (IBGE).
– Total, Urban and Rural
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

14. Land Cover
Number of hectares in 1980,85 and 95 (IBGE):
• in pasture
• in permanent crops
• in annual crops
• in annual crops recess
• in natural forests
• unsuitable for agriculture
• Productive but not used
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

15. Agricultural Yields, Crop Mix, and
Scale
• Yields (tons/hectare) on “poor” crops: corn, rice, beans and
manioc, 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE).
– Yearly mean, variance and average growth rate
• Number of hectares (gross planted area) in grains and in
specialty crops (fruits and vegetables), 1991-2003,
(PAM/IBGE).
– Yearly average growth rate
• Total hectares used in agriculture (gross planted area),
1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE)
– Yearly mean and average growth rate
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

16. Ag-Production Value and Livestock
• Value of Ag-Production, 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE).
• Value of Livestock Production, 1991-2003,
(PPM/IBGE)
• Livestock (number of heads per type of livestock),
1991-2003, (PPM/IBGE)
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

17. Water Availability
 Pm CAm 
waim = ln  2 
 Em slopem ∆x 
• Pm is the precipitation,
• Em is the potential evapotranspiration,
• CAm is the upstream catchments area,
• slopem is the local slope and
• ∆x is the dimension of the cell size for area m, which
analysis is being done.
SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa