During the Renaissance, medical research progressed as physicians studied anatomy and experimented with new treatments, building on knowledge from Arabic writings. The Black Death spurred experimentation to find treatments for the plague. Anatomical drawings by Leonardo da Vinci and dissections by Vesalius advanced knowledge of the human body. Surgery was still risky and performed without strong pain relief. Herbal medicines were developed to treat various diseases. Hospitals began to be established centers of medical care.

1. By: CorrinBowman Period 6 Renaissance Medicine

5. The plague was unknown to even the most well-known pharmacists like Claudius Galen, forcing Renaissance doctors to experiment if they wanted to find treatments.

6. They were unsuccessful in halting the Black Death, but a German physician, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim discovered in 1503 that drinking mercury was an effective cure for syphilis, also a deadly disease.Corrin/ Art and Civilization: The Renaissance, http://mistigwaetru.org/MistgigWebPage/black-death.jpg

12. It was thought that the excess humors and wastes were able to poison men, children, and others with whom one had come into contact with.

13. Women who did not menstruate might have had a misplaced uterus, which could cause pain in other parts of the body and even cause shortage of breath. This was treated with drinks, steam-baths, and manual manipulation.

14. Disorders of menstruation in young women were generally treated by marriage or sexual intercourse.Corrin/ http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html, http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fineartamerica.com/images-medium/renaissancegirl-wendy-hill.jpg

19. Citations Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. History of Medicine. 5 Dec. 2009 <http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/abpi/history/history7.html>. Blackwell, Elizabeth. “Herbarium Blackwellianum.” No date. Online image. Ursi'sEso Garden. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://www.eso-garden.com/index.php?/weblog/C38/>. Borsheim, R.L. Christianity and Knowledge. 5 Dec. 2009 <http://www.bandoli.no/knowledge.htm>. Da Vinci, Leonardo. “Dissection of the Arms and Shoulders.” No date. Online image. Leonardo Da Vinci Anatomy Drawing. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.leonardo-da-vinci- biography.com/images/leonardo-da-vinci-anatomy.4.jpg>. Da Vinci, Leonardo. “Dissection of the Principal Organs of a Woman.” 1510. Online image. The Life, Art, Inventions and Anatomical Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mr_sedivy.tripod.com/davinci/anaw_10b.jpg>. Durant, Will. The Renaissance: The Story of Civilizations. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1953. Dürer, Albrecht. “Christ Among the Doctors.” 1519. Online image. Albrecht Dürer. 5 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dl.ket.org/webmuseum/wm/paint/auth/durer/doctors.jpg>. Heise, Jennifer A. Women and Medicine in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. 6 Dec. 2009 <http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html>. Hill, Wendy. “Renaissance Girl.” 6 Oct. 2008. Online image. Fineart America. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fineartamerica.com/images-medium/renaissance girl-wendy-hill.jpg>.

20. Citations Matthews, Rupert. Art and Civilization: The Renaissance. New York, NY: Peter Bedrick Books, 2000. Rösslin, Eucharius. “Birthing Chair.” 1513. Online image. Women and Medicine in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html>. Rösslin, Eucharius. “Childbirth.” 1513. Online image. Women and Medicine in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html>. Toggenburg Bible. “Black Death.” 1411. Online image. Road to the Isle XIII: 1349: We’re Not Dead Yet. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://mistigwaetru.org/MistgigWebPage/black-death.jpg >. Unknown artist. “A Physician Visiting the Sick in a Hospital.” 1682. Online image. Hospitals. 7 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bushywood.com/media/media_images/health_service_physician_in.jpg>. Unknown artist. “Surgery Being Preformed on the Eye.” No date. Online image. Medicine Through Time. 6 Dec. 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Augenoperation_1195.jpg>. World Almanac Education Group. The History Channel. 6 Dec. 2009 <http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=216145>. Yousif, Jason. The Progress of Ancient Medicine. 6 Dec. 2009 <http://students.ou.edu/Y/Jason.S.Yousif-1/episode_3_medieval.html>.