This document discusses the design and realization of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) systems and services from 2011 to 2030. It provides an overview of SDI, including definitions, components, standards, and how SDI can support societal processes and enable applications. The document advocates for an open, collaborative approach to SDI development that delivers value through services and exploits geospatial data and technologies. It also examines challenges in existing SDIs and provides a vision for how SDIs can evolve by 2030 to better support users, integrate data from various sources, and enable more flexible use of spatial information.

1. SDI SYSTEMS & SERVICES
DESIGN AND REALIZATION: FROM NOW UNTIL 2030
JAVIER MORALES

2. ITC’S WHEREABOUTS
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3. AFFILIATION
 SDIT is a research group on SDI Technology at ITC, University of
Twente, The Netherlands.
 We partner with governments, NGOs, and private sector worldwide, on
technical SDI development.
 Partners in:
 capacity building
 joint research
 joint development
 www.itc.nl/research/themes/sdit/default.asp
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4. REALITY CHECK
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5. SDI – THE PROBLEM
WE HAVE ISLANDS OF SPATIAL DATA
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6. SDI – THE FACTS
User applications
 thematic datasets
 property dataset
 infrastructure dataset
 reference data set
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7. SDI – SOCIETAL PROCESSES
THE REASONING
 Land use planning
 Development and construction
 Buried Services [particularly utilities, pipes and cables]
 Property transaction [seeking, buying, selling]
 Transport management
 Democracy
 Environmental risk management
 Health
 Security
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8. SDI – THE REALITY
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9. SDI – SOME PROBLES
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10. SDI – DEFINED
An infrastructure that allows the
exploitation
of geospatial principles, geospatial
functions and geospatial data within and
across application and scientific domains,
transforming the way in which production,
use, development, research and
education are conducted by the
geospatial community
( Goodchild , et.al., 2010 )
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11. WHAT IS AN SDI FUNDAMENTALLY?
 Agreement to collaborate on shared development & exploitation of
strategic geoinformation resources
 Involves parties in:
 Government
 Private sector
 Academia Legal Organisational
 Public sector (laws) (agreements)
SDI
Technical Financial
(tools) (business cases)
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12. SDI TECHNOLOGICALLY DEFINED
 A community of actors working in an IT environment
 With a special interest in geospatial resources
 Wanting to take part in a communication process
 With well-understood responsibilities
 Involving service offerings & service consumptions
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13. DO NOT DELIVER JUST DATA
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14. DELIVER VALUE
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
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15. SDI – THE VALUE CHAIN
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT – SDI MACRO LEVEL
Communities
Planning, Utilities, Farming, Emergency, Tourism, ...
Integrating Visualising
Markets, Technology & Standards
Societal
Processes Processing Acting
Infrastructures
Spatial Services, Commercial Services, Social Networks, ...
Resources (GI‐Providers, ...)
Traditional, Private, Volunteer, Tagged, Real‐time, ...
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16. SDI – EXPLOITATION
Institute of Surveying and Mapping
Process
b
S’ a d F’
SDI User c
Interface
SDI Components
Resources
databases data files operations
(data/metadata) (vector/raster) (algorithms/code)
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17. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF AN SDI
SDI MICRO LEVEL
SDI ‐ User
open interfaces open interfaces open interfaces
geo-resources geo-resources geo-resources
SDI Node SDI Node SDI Node
update/create
use geo-resources (…)
offer
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18. THE SYSTEM TRIPLET FOR SDI
 Every SDI node has three characteristics
 Data and other content
 Functionality offered through services
 Ability to engage in communication processes
 Services
 Functions provided as
 Content externally visible services
 Institutional data  Form the single steps in the
sources workflow protocols
 App & model results
 Metadata  Communication
 Sensor data  Mechanisms for successful
participation in workflow
 Volunteered data
protocols
 Temporal ordering of process
steps
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19. SDI – LAND ADMINISTRATION BASIC CONTENT
CONTENT
User applications
 Address register
 Citizen register
 Building register
 Parcel register
 business register
 reference data set
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20. SDI - EXPLOITATION
Front-end
User Organizations
Application
Layer
Thin Clients Thick Clients
Interface
Service
Layer
Service Portal
SDI Nodes
Back-end
I.N.E. I.G.N. R.I.C. Municipio
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21. TRANSFORMATIONAL DESIGN
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22. TRANSFORMATIONAL DESIGN
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23. BUILD THE RULES FROM REALITY
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24. SDI – STANDARDISATION
COMPONENTS & OPEN INTERFACES
 Standardisation bodies/activities relevant to the SDI community:
 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
 International Organization of Standardization (ISO TC-211)
 Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
 National Standards Organizations (≠ every country)
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25. OGC: IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS
OGC WEB SERVICES (OWS)
 OWS Implementation specifications – it is a long list (…)
 Geography Markup Language (GML)
 Simple Feature (SFS)
 Catalogue Service (CS-W)
 Web Feature Service (WFS, WFS-T)
 Web Coverage Service (WCS)
 Web Map Service (WMS)
 Web Processing service (WPS…)
 Geo Processing Workflow (GPW…)
 Sensor Web Enablement (SWE…)
 OGC Location Services (OpenLS)
 Geo Digital Rights Management (GeoDRM)
 Geo-Decision Support Services (GeoDSS)
 …
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26. SDI – THE BASE STANDARDS’ SET
 Data management
 ISO-19107:2003 GI - Spatial schema [..UML..]
 ISO-19125:2004 Simple Feature Specification (SFS) for SQL
 Documentation
 ISO-19115:2003 GI – Metadata [..19115a..]
 ISO-19139:2004 GI – Metadata XML Schema implementation
 ISO-19119:2005 GI – Services
 Data exchange
 OGC – Geography Mark-up Language (GML) [..xml technology family..]
 W3C – JavaScript object notation (JSON)
 W3C – Graphic formats (jpeg, gif, png, geotiff, ...)
 Services
 OGC – Catalogue Service Web (CSW)
 ISO-19128:2005 GI - Web Map Server interface (WMS)
 OGC – Web Feature Service - Transactional (WFS-T)
 OGC – Web Processing Service (WPS) & (GPW)
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27. GEO- WEBSERVICES
WMS
web geo
application WFS webserver
...
Files Databases
shp,dxf,tiff,… postgis,…
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28. GEO- WEBSERVICES
WEB MAP SERVICE – WMS
operations
WMS Service
WMS
server WMS
dataset interface client
Operations
• GetCapabilities
– Returns server-level metadata, description of services and content,
acceptable request parameters
• GetMap
– Returns map image whose geospatial and dimensional parameters
are well-defined
• GetFeatureInfo
– Returns information about particular features shown on map
(optional)
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29. GEO- WEBSERVICES
WEB MAP SERVICE – WMS
• Capabilities request
• response
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30. GEO- WEBSERVICES
WEB MAP SERVICE – WMS
• response …
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31. GEO- WEBSERVICES
WEB MAP SERVICE – WMS
• Map request
• response
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32. SDI – EXPLOITATION
Institute of Surveying and Mapping
Process
b
S’ a d F’
SDI User c
Interface
WMS WFS-T SDI Components
WPS WCS CWS
Resources
databases data files operations
(data/metadata) (vector/raster) (algorithms/code)
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33. SDI - EXPLOITATION
Front-end
User Organizations
Application
Layer
Thin Clients Thick Clients
Interface
Service
Layer
Service Portal
SDI Nodes
Back-end
I.N.E. I.G.N. R.I.C. Municipio
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34. SDI - EXPLOITATION
Front-end
User Organizations
Application
Layer
Thin Clients Thick Clients
Interface
Service Portal
Service
Layer
Service Portal
WMS WFS-T WPS WCS CWS
SDI Nodes
Back-end
I.N.E. I.G.N. R.I.C. Municipio
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36

35. SDI – EXPLOITATION
Institute of Surveying and Mapping
S.A.A.S.
Process
b
S’ a d F’
SDI User c
Interface
WMS WFS-T WPS WCS CWS
I.N.E.
Resources
I.G.N.
R.I.C.
databases data files operations
(data/metadata)
! (vector/raster) (algorithms/code)
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36. THE OPEN SOURCE GEOSTACK
AN SDI NODE ARCHITECTURE
Web Client
User Interface OpenLayers GeoExt
Tiling
GeoWebCache
Application
Server Web Services
MapServer/php GeoServer
Database
Data Storage
PostGIS
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37. SDI & SOCIETY PROCESSS
Cost/Benefit
Analysis
Risk Mapping
SDI
Climate Impact
Land Use Planning Scenarios
Real time damage Risk Financing
& loss estimation Strategies
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38. IDEG
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39. IDEG
PORTALS
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40. SDI – BEYOND PORTALS
 Allow the creation of custom views on available data
 Enable the addition of annotations
 Create connections to incorporate external data sources and
allow those to be shared with others
 Provide functionality (well-known GIS functions)
 Let users style the data so that it fits their own objectives
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41. SDI – BEYOND PORTALS
 Enable data upload (gml, Kml, shp, tiff, ...)
 Allow editing, either through a browser or desktop clients using
standards (WFS-T)
 Implement feedback mechanisms
 Commenting, tagging, rating
 Implement filtering, ranking and other mechanisms to determine
fitness for use
(most-viewed, most linked to, etc.)
 Derive metadata from users actions and use
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42. CONCLUSIONS
 What defines success in a SDI in the year 2020, and how to get there?
 What do 2015 SDIs achieve?
 What should 2030 SDIs achieve?
 What is the pathway from 2015 to 2030?
 Which are the critical success factors to get there?
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43. REALITY CHECK
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44. THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION
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