Discrete Trial workshow for Week 1

1. So you’re about to start
working with some of the
most precious children
you’ll ever come into
contact with…..
Click here to
advance to the
NEXT slide!!

2. ….and you have a
tremendous opportunity to
use behavior analysis to
improve a young person’s
life…..

3. ….with discrete trial
procedures being the tool
for this gratifying
success…..

4. ….so let’s learn how to
properly administer
discrete trials and really
make a difference!!

5. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD
)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence

6. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer:
Any stimulus, event, or condition whose
presentation immediately follows a
response and increases the frequency of
that response.

7. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Direct-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
60-seconds or less.
Note: All non-verbal
behavior is controlled
by direct-acting
consequences.

8. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Direct-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
60-seconds or less.
Remember!! Most of
the children you’re
going to be working
with at WoodsEdge
are non-verbal, hence
only controlled by
direct-acting
consequences!

9. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Indirect-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
more than 60-seconds.
Remember!! Most of
the children you’re
going to be working
with at WoodsEdge
are non-verbal,
hence are not
controlled by
indirect-acting
consequences!

10. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Stimulus:
Something that can or may cause a
response.

11. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Prompt:
A supplemental stimulus that raises the
probability of a correct response.

12. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Discriminative Stimulus (SD
):
A stimulus in the presence of which a
particular response will be reinforced or
punished.

13. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Reinforcement:
The immediate, response-contingent
presentation of a reinforcer resulting in
an increased frequency of that response.

14. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Hierarchy of Prompts:
The correction procedure delivered
within 3 seconds of the child failing to
respond or immediately after the child
makes an incorrect response.

15. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform
the task independently
….if the child doesn’t respond
correctly within 3 seconds, then go
on to the next prompt.
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:

16. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform
the task independently
….if the child doesn’t respond

17. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
Partial Physical Prompt (e.g.
nudge child’s wrist)
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform

18. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge
child’s wrist)
Full Physical Prompt (i.e. guide

19. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Note: You DO
NOT provide
reinforcement
for a corrected
response!!

20. Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
The Building Blocks
Discrete Trial:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response, and the outcome of that
response.

21. The Building Blocks
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Reinforcer
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Reinforcement
Stimulus
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Direct-acting
Consequence
Behavior Analysis:
The study of the operation of the
principles of behavior with both human
beings and other animals.

22. Activity #1
You do not need to write these
answers down, but remember to
complete the homework before
class
Given a definition or a
related question, select
the term that best
matches
the given definition or
question.

23. A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt D. Discrete trial
#1

24. A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Prompt D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a Reinforcer
is any stimulus, event, or
condition whose
presentation
immediately follows a
response and increases
the frequency of that
response.

25. A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Prompt D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD
) is a
stimulus in the
presence of which a
particular response
will be reinforced or
punished.

26. A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Prompt D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discrete Trial is the
occasion for a
response (i.e. the SD
),
the response, and the
outcome of that
response.

27. A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Prompt D. Discrete trial
Right On!!!
Click here for
the next
question

28. Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus D. Direct-acting consequence
#2

29. Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus D. Direct-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discriminative Stimulus
(SD
) is a stimulus in the
presence of which a
particular response will
be reinforced or
punished.

30. Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus D. Direct-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember a
Stimulus is
something that can
or may cause a
response.

31. Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus D. Direct-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember a Direct-
acting Consequence is
any outcome that
follows a response by
60-seconds or less.

32. Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus D. Direct-acting consequence
Right On!!!
Click here for
the next
question

33. The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Discrete-Trial D. Hierarchy of Prompts
#3

34. The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Discrete-Trial D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember that
Reinforcement
is the immediate, response-
contingent presentation of a
reinforcer resulting in an
increased frequency of that
response.

35. The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Discrete-Trial D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discrete Trial is the
occasion for a response
(i.e. the SD
), the
response, and the
outcome of that
response.

36. The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Discrete-Trial D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discriminative Stimulus
(SD
) is a stimulus in the
presence of which a
particular response will
be reinforced or
punished.

37. The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
B. Discrete-Trial D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Right On!!!
Click here for
the next
question

38. The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus D. Indirect-acting consequence
#4

39. The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus D. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD
) is a
stimulus in the
presence of which a
particular response
will be reinforced or
punished.

40. The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus D. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember
a Prompt
is a supplemental
stimulus that raises the
probability of a correct
response.

41. The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus D. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember an
Indirect-acting
Consequence is any
outcome that follows
a response by 60-
seconds or less.

42. The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus D. Indirect-acting consequence
Right On!!!
Click here for
the next
question

43. Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt D. Partial physical prompt
#5

44. Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt D. Partial physical prompt
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
that’s #2 on
the Hierarchy
of Prompts

45. Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt D. Partial physical prompt
Back to
the
question!
Sorry… that’s
the first prompt
on the
Hierarchy of
Prompts

46. Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt D. Partial physical prompt
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
that’s #3 on the
Hierarchy of
Prompts

47. Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt D. Partial physical prompt
Right On!!!
Click here for
the next
question

48. Susie, a practicum student
at WoodsEdge Learning Center, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
D. Discrete trial
#6

49. Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) D. Discrete trial
Sorry….
Remember a Reinforcer
is any stimulus, event, or
condition whose
presentation
immediately follows a
response and increases
the frequency of that
response.
Back to
the
question!

50. Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) D. Discrete trial
Sorry…
that’s #2 on the
Hierarchy of Prompts.
This consists of
motioning or gesturing
to the correct response
Back to
the
question!

51. Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) D. Discrete trial
Sorry….
Remember a
Discrete Trial is the
occasion for a response,
the response,
and the outcome of that
response.
Back to
the
question!

52. Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
) D. Discrete trial
Right On!!!
A Discriminative Stimulus
(SD
) is a stimulus
in the presence of which
a particular response will
be reinforced or punished.
(e.g. the instructions in the
procedures book)
On to the next
section!
Back to the
previous
question!

53. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s
learn more about discrete
trials….

54. Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.

55. Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
Now that we’ve got the
definition down, let’s look
at each of the 3 parts that
make up a discrete trial….

56. Discrete Trial
The SD
: The occasion for a response
These are the instructions
given by the practicum student
to the child

57. Discrete Trial
The SD
: The occasion for a response
Example!!
“Johnny, play with the
car.”

58. Discrete Trial
The response
This is the behavior that occurs after the
SD
(the instruction) is delivered

59. Discrete Trial
The response
Johnny plays with the car.
Example!!

60. Discrete Trial
The outcome of that response
This is the result (e.g. reinforcement,
correction) that follows the response

61. Discrete Trial
The outcome of that response
Example!!
“Nice job playing with
the car, Johnny!!”

62. Discrete Trial
Now let’s put all 3 parts
together!

63. Discrete TrialExample!!
The SD
:The response:The consequence:
“Nice job playing with
the car, Johnny!!”
“Johnny, play with the
car.”
Johnny plays with the car.

64. Activity #2
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select the
correct name of the
highlighted part of the
trial being described.

65. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
#7

66. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The
consequence is
the outcome of
the response
“grabbing the
phone”

67. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The SD
consists of
the instructions
given “Johnny, use
the phone”

68. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
On to the next
question!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!

69. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
#8

70. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The response
what the child
does after given
the instructions
(SD
) “Johnny, use
the phone”

71. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The SD
consists
of the
instructions
given “Johnny,
use the phone”

72. After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
On to the next
question!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!

73. The practicum student goes over the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure she is about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Consequence
#9

74. The practicum student goes over the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure she is about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
C. Consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The response
what the child
does after given
the instructions
(SD
) “Johnny,
where’s your
shirt”

75. The practicum student goes over the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure she is about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
C. Consequence
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The consequence
is the outcome of
the response
“grabbing his
shirt”

76. The practicum student goes over the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure she is about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD
)
C. Consequence
On to the next
section!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!

77. Activity #3
Given a description of a
series of events, select
whether those events
constitute a discrete
trial.

78. Joe, a practicum student, sees his assigned child
point to a dog and say “dog”.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
#10

79. Joe, a practicum student, sees his assigned child
point to a dog and say “dog”.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember that
a discrete trial must
have an SD
(an occasion for a
response to occur; i.e.
instructions).
An example of this would
be “Johnny, point to the
dog.”

80. Joe, a practicum student, sees his assigned child
point to a dog and say “dog”.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
On to the next
question!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!
A discrete trial must
have an SD
(an occasion for a response
to occur; i.e. instructions).
An example of this would
be “Johnny, point to the
dog.”

81. Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the phone.”
The child then picks up the phone
and puts it to her ear.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
#11

82. Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the phone.”
The child then picks up the phone
and puts it to her ear.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember a correct
discrete trial contains
an SD
(the instructions “use
the phone”),
the response, and the
immediate outcome.

83. Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the phone.”
The child then picks up the phone
and puts it to her ear.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD
, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
On to the next
section!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!
This example DOES contain
an SD
(the instructions “use the
phone”),
the response,
and an immediate outcome.

84. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s
learn how to discriminate a
correct discrete trial from
an incorrect discrete trial…

85. Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.

86. Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD
),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
So what makes a
discrete trial correct
or incorrect??

87. #1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

88. #1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
(i.e. Make sure your child
actually likes the reinforcer
you’re using, BEFORE you start
the procedure)

89. #1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
(i.e. Make sure your child
actually likes the reinforcer
you’re using, BEFORE you start
the procedure)
HINT!!
You can do this
by placing 2 or 3
of the child’s reinforcers
(toys/edibles)
on the table and seeing
which one he/she grabs
first

90. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Complete the next
two steps PRIOR to
delivering the
instructions (SD
) to
the child…

91. #2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD
)…

92. #2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
HINT!!
You can get most of the
children
to do this by saying
“Quiet Hands”.

93. #3:
Make sure the child
is looking at you
or the appropriate stimulus
used in the procedure
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD
)…

94. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So now that you have
a TRUE reinforcer
and the child’s FULL
attention...

95. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
….let’s learn the
steps to correctly
deliver the
instructions (SD
)!!

96. #4:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
exactly as it is written in
the child’s procedures, with
no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

97. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

98. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
In other words:
without smiling,
laughing, or anything
else that may be
reinforcing to the child.

99. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
…smiling, laughing,
“excited” tones, etc.
should be used
as reinforcing
consequences and paired
with praise.

100. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So, let’s see an SD
delivered
INCORRECTLY (i.e.
without a neutral tone
of voice)

101. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
“Susie, touch your
nose!!!”
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD
)
with a neutral tone
of voice.

102. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
“Susie, touch your
nose!!!”
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD
)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
Notice how the
instructions were
given with an excited
tone while smiling…

103. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
“Susie, touch your
nose.”
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD
)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
Now let’s see
an SD
delivered
CORRECTLY
(i.e. with a neutral
tone of voice)…

104. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
“Susie, touch your
nose.”

105. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
“Susie, touch your
nose!!!”
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD
)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
Notice how the SD
is delivered with
a neutral tone with
no reinforcing facial
expressions
(e.g. smiling, laughing)

106. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So now what do you
do once the child
makes a response
to your instructions
(SD
)??

107. #6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

108. #6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Remember!!
Use the Hierarchy of
Prompts for all
incorrect behaviors…

109. #6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
…and
DO NOT provide
reinforcement for a
corrected response!!

110. #7:
Deliver the outcome
(either a reinforcer or the proper
correction procedure)
within 1 second
of the child’s response.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

111. How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Let’s review all of
the steps once
again…

112. #1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

113. #2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD
)…

114. #3:
Make sure the child
is looking at you
or the appropriate stimulus
used in the procedure
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD
)…

115. #4:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
exactly as it is instructed
in the child’s procedures,
with no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

116. #5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD
)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

117. #6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

118. #7:
Deliver the outcome
(either a reinforcer or the proper
correction procedure)
within 1 second
of the child’s response.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial

119. Activity #4
Given a description of
TWO discrete trials,
select which trial was
administered correctly

120. #1:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey who is facing the wall.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives Audrey her favorite toy.
#2:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey.
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
#12

121. #1:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives Audrey her favorite toy.
#2:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey.
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Sorry…
remember the rules
about WHEN to
deliver the SD
.
Back to
the
question!

122. #1:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives Audrey her favorite toy.
#2:
Chris states the SD
to little Audrey.
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
That’s right!!!
The child is looking
at the technician prior
to the delivery of the
SD
.
Click here for
the next
question

123. #1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
#2:
Little Billy is sitting in his booth with his practicum student.
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
pointing to a book Billy’s playing with. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
#13

124. #1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
#2:
Little Billy is sitting in his booth with his practicum student.
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
pointing to a book Billy’s playing with. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Sorry…
let’s review.
#2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
Back to
the
question!

125. #1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
#2:
Little Billy is sitting in his booth with his practicum student.
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
pointing to a book Billy’s playing with. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
That’s right!!
The technician should
NOT deliver the SD
while
the child is manipulating
the object used
in the procedure.
On to the next
section!
Back to the
previous
question!

126. Activity #5
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select the
whether the trial was
administered correctly
or incorrectly

127. Susie gives her assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
her child makes the correct response.
She then grabs her book, borrows a pencil from the TA
that is observing, marks the response as correct,
breaks off a piece of a pretzel from the reinforcer bin,
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
#14

128. Susie gives her assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
her child makes the correct response.
She then grabs her book, borrows a pencil from the TA
that is observing, marks the response as correct,
breaks off a piece of a pretzel from the reinforcer bin,
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
Remember
Step #7…#7:
Deliver the outcome
(either a reinforcer or the proper
correction procedure)
within 1 second
of the child’s response.

129. Susie gives her assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
her child makes the correct response.
She then grabs her book, borrows a pencil from the TA
that is observing, marks the response as correct,
breaks off a piece of a pretzel from the reinforcer bin,
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
On to the next
section!
Back to the
previous
question!
Right On!!!
The reinforcer must
be delivered within 1
second of the correct
response

130. Activity #6
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select
whether the trial was
administered correctly
or incorrectly…

131. Activity #6 cont.
…THEN select, from
the options given, WHY
the trial was correct or
incorrect.

132. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
#15

133. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No Back to
the
question!
Sorry…

134. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No Click here for
the next
question
Right On!!!

135. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
#16

136. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
the Hierarchy of Prompts
states that you use
a verbal prompt first,
then a gestural prompt,
followed by a partial physical
and finally a full physical
prompt.

137. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…that’s not it.
The outcome was
delivered immediately
after the corrected
response.

138. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
It’s perfectly fine
to use toys as reinforcers
(as long as you’ve checked
to make sure the child enjoys
the toy)

139. Jerry gives his assigned child the SD
exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD
and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
On to the
next
section!
Back to
the
previous
question!
Right On!!!
You DO NOT
provide
reinforcement for a
corrected response!!

140. NICE JOB!!!

141. You are….

142. ALL DONE!!!