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United
Kingdom
   General Information

   not many business formalities

   a country that favors foreign investment

   a tradition in service businesses
   More than 10 types of companies:

   Private Companies Limited By Shares (Ltd)
   Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
   Public Limited Companies (PLC)
   Companies Limited By Guarantee
   Property Management Companies
   Unlimited Companies
    & more.
   Practical considerations (1) :

   amount of capital & financial risk
   nature of trade
   service or product business
   premises or can be run from home
   employees
   attraction of capital
   Practical considerations (2) :



   Simple formation = sole trader or partnership



   More sophisticated business= incorporation
Proposed form for startups

LTD (Private company limited by shares)

   key feature: it offers limited liability to its
    members
   members and directors are not personally
    liable (unless they have acted wrongly in some
    way)
LTD (Private company limited by shares)

   no minimum capital
   can control your exposure to financial risk
   at least 1 director, 1 shareholder and 1
    secretary (can be the same person)
   submit simplified accounts not full at the
    Companies House
LTD (Private company limited by shares)

   no local shareholders or directors required
   company can be set online in a few days
   registered office facility
   A second choice:

   The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

   A hybrid between limited liability companies
    and traditional partnerships.
   The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

   registration & filing of accounts at the
    Companies House
   members’ agreement
   pays no UK tax but its members do pay income tax
   may not attract foreign investment.
   Public Limited Companies (PLC)

   usual for large enterprises minimum
   capital requirement of £50,000

    A private company limited by shares can be
    converted into a public company and vice versa.
   .
   Do not forget:

   Liability for insolvent trading

   Bank borrowing

   Landlords – personal guaranties

   Privacy vs ‘image’
   .
   COST (indicative prices):

   250 euros - same day formation

   1200 – 1800 euros - accountant costs per year

   Professional advice by lawyer (?)
Luxembourg
   GENERAL:

   economic prosperity

   excellent banking system

   attractive for foreign investments

   .
   6 main company types:

o   Private Limited Company (Sarl)

o   Public Limited Company (SA)

o   General Corporate Partnership (SNC)

o   Limited Corporate Partnership (SCS),

o   Corporate Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) and the

o   Cooperative Company (SC).


   .
o   Private Limited Company (Sarl)


the most attractive type for start-ups



   .
Private Limited Company (Sarl)

o   requires 1 or several associates that can be

o   Luxembourg or foreign nationals, residents or non-
    residents

o   minimum capital €12,500

o   registered office is required in Luxembourg

o   must be incorporated before a notary public

o   business license by a ministry on application.
COSTS (indicative)

o    2000 euros - 1 month
o   + capital
o   10.000 euros per year
THANK YOU
 FOR YOUR
ATTENTION !
   Content

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Uk & Luxemburg incorporation

  • 2. General Information  not many business formalities  a country that favors foreign investment  a tradition in service businesses
  • 3. More than 10 types of companies:  Private Companies Limited By Shares (Ltd)  Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)  Public Limited Companies (PLC)  Companies Limited By Guarantee  Property Management Companies  Unlimited Companies & more.
  • 4. Practical considerations (1) :  amount of capital & financial risk  nature of trade  service or product business  premises or can be run from home  employees  attraction of capital
  • 5. Practical considerations (2) :  Simple formation = sole trader or partnership  More sophisticated business= incorporation
  • 6. Proposed form for startups LTD (Private company limited by shares)  key feature: it offers limited liability to its members  members and directors are not personally liable (unless they have acted wrongly in some way)
  • 7. LTD (Private company limited by shares)  no minimum capital  can control your exposure to financial risk  at least 1 director, 1 shareholder and 1 secretary (can be the same person)  submit simplified accounts not full at the Companies House
  • 8. LTD (Private company limited by shares)  no local shareholders or directors required  company can be set online in a few days  registered office facility
  • 9. A second choice:  The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)  A hybrid between limited liability companies and traditional partnerships.
  • 10. The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)  registration & filing of accounts at the Companies House  members’ agreement  pays no UK tax but its members do pay income tax  may not attract foreign investment.
  • 11. Public Limited Companies (PLC)  usual for large enterprises minimum  capital requirement of £50,000 A private company limited by shares can be converted into a public company and vice versa.  .
  • 12. Do not forget:  Liability for insolvent trading  Bank borrowing  Landlords – personal guaranties  Privacy vs ‘image’  .
  • 13. COST (indicative prices):  250 euros - same day formation  1200 – 1800 euros - accountant costs per year  Professional advice by lawyer (?)
  • 15. GENERAL:  economic prosperity  excellent banking system  attractive for foreign investments  .
  • 16. 6 main company types: o Private Limited Company (Sarl) o Public Limited Company (SA) o General Corporate Partnership (SNC) o Limited Corporate Partnership (SCS), o Corporate Partnership Limited by Shares (SCA) and the o Cooperative Company (SC).  .
  • 17. o Private Limited Company (Sarl) the most attractive type for start-ups  .
  • 18. Private Limited Company (Sarl) o requires 1 or several associates that can be o Luxembourg or foreign nationals, residents or non- residents o minimum capital €12,500 o registered office is required in Luxembourg o must be incorporated before a notary public o business license by a ministry on application.
  • 19. COSTS (indicative) o 2000 euros - 1 month o + capital o 10.000 euros per year
  • 20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !
  • 21. Content