This document discusses the history and development of realism and documentary film and photography. It covers several key points: 1) Realism in art emerged to include ordinary working class people and contemporary social issues. 2) Documentary photography was used for social investigation and reform but also reflected aspects of power and control. 3) Early documentary filmmakers like Robert Flaherty and John Grierson captured real-life scenes to provide insights into unseen realities and underrepresented groups. 4) Observational documentaries show unobtrusive observation while expository documentaries actively interpret and explain with narration. 5) New media and technologies have enabled more people to witness and share events, but this expanded