1. 12
The Cardiovascular
System: Transport and
Supply
Part TWO

2. Cardiovascular
System

Cardiovascular
system
transports
nutrients and
oxygen to cells
in body while
carbon dioxide
and waste
products of
cells' metabolism
are removed

3. Cardiovascular
System

Pump that
circulates the
transport
medium
(blood) is the
heart

4. System Overview

The circulatory
The circulatory
system uses the
system uses the
heart as a
heart as a
pump and
pump and
transports
transports
through blood
through blood
vessels to
vessels to
organs and the
organs and the
smallest
smallest
tissues and
tissues and
cell
cell

5. Hematology-Study of
Blood and Blood Disease

Blood
Blood
constitutes
constitutes
7-9% of
7-9% of
total body
total body
weight
weight
Blood is a
Blood is a
fluid form of
fluid form of
connective
connective
tissue
tissue
Four to six
Four to six
liters of blood
liters of blood
in human
in human
body
body

6. Hematology


7. Blood Plasma is Liquid
Plasma is yellowish,
straw-colored liquid
that comprises about
55% of blood's
volume
90% water; other
10% contains
nutrients, salts,
oxygen, hormones
and other
regulatory
substances


8. Blood Plasma is Liquid
Plasma is yellowish,
straw-colored liquid
that comprises about
55% of blood's volume
including:
Fibrinogen, a
substance needed
for blood clotting,
and globulins
involve antibodies
for protection from
infection


9. Blood with Plasma
Proteins

Plasma proteins are important group of dissolved
Plasma proteins are important group of dissolved
substances that include albumin, which aids in
substances that include albumin, which aids in
keeping correct amount of water in blood
keeping correct amount of water in blood

10. Blood-Formed
Elements

Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Thrombocytes

11. Figure 12-12
Composition of blood.


12. Erythrocytes-RBCs

Red blood cells
created by red
bone marrow
through process
called
erythropoiesis
because they
lack nucleus to
reproduce
themselves

13. Erythrocytes-RBCs

With the aid of ironcontaining red
pigment called
hemoglobin
(“iron” and
“protein”), RBCs
transport oxygen
from the lungs to
the cells in the body
and transport CO2

14. Figure 12-13
WBCs and their function

Polymorphonuclear
•Neutrophils
•Eosinophils
•Basophils
Mononuclear
•Monocytes
•Lymphocytes

15. Leukocytes-WBCs

Leukocytes are
guardians from invasion
and infection
Neutrophils: most
aggressive in cases
where bacteria attempt
to destroy tissue

16. Leukocytes-WBCs
 Phagocytosis is
process in which
neutrophils surround
and ingest invader
and attempt to destroy
it by utilizing
lysosomes that
release powerful
enzymes
As infection occurs,
body produces
higher than normal
number of neutrophils

17. Leukocytes-WBCs

Eosinophils: utilized to
combat parasitic
invasions and variety of
body irritants that lead
to allergies
Basophils: believed to be involved with
allergic reactions and inflammation;
important because they secrete chemical
heparin, which helps to keep blood from
clotting

18. Leukocytes-WBCs

Monocytes: found in
higher than normal
amounts when chronic
infection occurs
Destroy invaders through
phagocytosis
Even though they take longer to
arrive on scene of infection than
neutrophils, numbers are greater
and they destroy more bacteria

19. Leukocytes-WBCs

Lymphocytes:
protect us from
infection by using
process that
produces antibodies
that inhibit or directly
attack invaders

20. Platelets

Smallest formed
elements and
are responsible
for blood's
ability to clot
Platelets stick together and plug
hole in blood vessel and can
release substance called serotonin,
which causes smooth muscle
constriction and decreased blood
flow

21. Blood Transfusion

Person needing blood
transfusion cannot
randomly select blood
donor because of
antigens, substance that
stimulates immune
system to produce
antibodies

22. Blood Transfusion

An antigen can be a
foreign protein
introduced into the body
through wounds, blood
transfusions.
If they are not “native” to
the body and different
from “self antigens” they
stimulate a response

23. Agglutination
antigens that caused
Antibodies will react with
them to form, and antigens stick together in
little clumps, called agglutination

24. Agglutination

What is agglutination?
What is agglutination?
a reaction in which
a reaction in which
particles (as red blood
particles (as red blood
cells or bacteria)
cells or bacteria)
suspended in a liquid
suspended in a liquid
collect into clumps and
collect into clumps and
which occurs especially as
which occurs especially as
a serologic response to a
a serologic response to a
specific antibody
specific antibody

25. Blood Types

Type A blood is very
common;
approximately 41%
of American
population has this
type of blood
"A" represents
specific type of selfantigen found on
cell membrane of
red blood cell

26. Blood Types
 • Type A has no antiA antibodies, but
has anti-B
antibodies
• Type B has no antiB antibodies but has
anti-A antibodies
• Type AB has no
anti-A or anti-B
antibodies
• Type 0 has both
anti-A and anti-B
antibodies

27. Blood Transfusion

If the wrong blood type is
given to a person, their
antibodies would attack
donated red blood cells
and destroy them because
they see cells as foreign
material; antibodies cause
agglutination, resulting
in serious harm and even
death

28. Blood Types

Special blood
antigens were first
found in blood of
Rhesus monkeys,
and labeled Rh
factor

29. Blood Types

Found in 85% of
Found in 85% of
white and 88% of
white and 88% of
black population
black population
of United States
of United States
If individual has
If individual has
this antigen
this antigen
they are said to
they are said to
be Rh positive,
be Rh positive,
if not they are Rh
if not they are Rh
negative
negative
Rh negative
Rh negative
patients have
patients have
antibodies
antibodies
against Rh
against Rh
factor
factor
Rh positive
Rh positive
patients have
patients have
no antibodies
no antibodies
against Rh
against Rh
factor
factor

30. Figure 12-14
Blood types and results of donor and
recipient combinations.


31. Blood Typing Slide

1. The slide shows agglutination
when blood added to type A, so
blood has antibodies for Type A
2.The slide shows agglutination
when blood added to type B, so
blood has antibodies for Type B
3.The slide shows no
agglutination when blood
added to Rh factor, so blood has
no antibodies for Rh factor

32. Type O positive

Type O has both antibodies for
Type A and B and so agglutinates
with Type A and Type B blood
Type O positive has no antibodies
for Rh factor because it has the Rh
antigen and so there was no
agglutination

33. Hemolysis of Blood

Hemolysis is the destruction or dissolution of
red blood cells, with subsequent release of
hemoglobin. This occurs, for example, when blood
recipients are given a blood type that
agglutinates with their blood due to antibodies
present in the recipient.

34. Blood Typing
Worksheet

Complete
Complete
Worksheet on
Worksheet on
Blood
Blood
Types in class
Types in class
for credit
for credit