2. The Second Great Awakening
Religious movement of 1801
Sparked by evangelical religious ideas
Attracted thousands of people to outdoor gatherings
with singing, shouting and praising
Stressed individual effort and responsibility
A person’s worth did not rest in social status
3. The Second Great Awakening
Increased the tensions between the nation’s
belief in democracy and the realities of many
American lives
Encouraged people to forget about the past and
start fresh
Built bonds in community
Helped spread Christianity among African
Americans
4. The Question of Slavery
African-Americans flocked to evangelical
meetings
If blacks were equal in God’s eyes, should they
be equal in society?
Most slave owners did not think so
Bible verse: ―Slaves obey your masters.‖
―Christian duties‖ required them to take care of their
slaves, not to free them
5. The Question of Slavery
African Americans did not believe the Bible taught
that slavery was right
Black preachers spoke of liberation, not
obedience
Slaves identified with Bible stories – believed God
would free them as well
Began to sing songs that connected them to their
community as well as their African roots
6. Go down, Moses,
Way down in Egypt's land,
Tell old Pharaoh,
Let my people go.
Oh let us all from bondage flee;
Let my people go.
And let us all in Christ be free!
Let my people go.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_Down_Moses
7. Music
Spoke of physical as well as spiritual freedom
Helped slaves maintain a sense of self-worth and
hopes for a better future
Many white evangelicals began to denounce
slavery
In northern states, this grew into an antislavery
movement called abolitionism that called for the
end of slavery
8. Quick Check
What religious movement began in 1801 and
spread nationwide?
How did individuals celebrate during this
movement?
How did this movement impact slaves?
What did abolitionists want?
9. Effects of the Second Great
Awakening
The Second Great
Awakening
10. Prosperity in the East
Economic and political power remained in the
hands of planters and merchants
Easy to transport crops and merchandise to ports
in East
US population was growing rapidly
Led to an increased demand for lumber, corn,
wheat, etc
High demand More production Increased
profit
11. Cotton Gin
Patented by Eli Whitney
Gin separated cotton fibers from the plant’s sticky
seeds more efficiently than older methods
Made cotton growing more profitable
Farmers began to plant more acres of cotton
More slaves were needed to plant/harvest
13. Bright Leaf Tobacco
1830’s – NC farmers began to experiment with a new type of
tobacco
Grew well in the sandy soil
NC tobacco production tripled in 10 years
14. Bright Leaf Tobacco
A new curing process stimulated bright leaf production
―Curing‖ refers to drying tobacco leaves
Hung leaves in large, airtight barns and piped in hot
air from charcoal fires
Took several days and nights to properly cure
Communities held special gatherings at tobacco-
curing time
Barns had to be watched to keep heat even and to
prevent fire
15. Quick Check
How did the cotton gin affect the economy?
Who held political and economic power at this
time?
What does the term ―curing‖ refer to?
16. Ebenzer Pettigrew – An Eastern
Farmer
Read pages 162-163 in Social Studies textbook
Answer the following questions in complete
sentences:
What was finished first, making bushels of wheat or
cutting rice?
What types of events does Pettigrew record?
Why do you think Pettigrew wrote these short
entries?
What things did Pettigrew record that are similar to
your life today?
What do Pettigrew’s records teach us?
17. The End of The International
Slave Trade
Early 1800s – Countries began to work together
to end slave trade
British reformers took the lead
Britain became the first country to make it illegal for
its citizens to participate
US Congress banned the trade in 1808
Passed legislation that allowed government to seize
slave vessels that ventured into US & to fine
individuals who engaged in trade
1815 – France & Netherlands banned slave trade
as well
Spain & Portugal continued to ship slaves
18. Amistad
Group of enslaved Africans took matters in their
own hands
Africans attacked the ship’s crew and took over
the ship
Tried to sail back to Africa but ended in New York
US Supreme Court ruled they had been enslaved
illegally and set them free
They returned to Africa
19. A Life Enslaved
1830 – 1/3 of NC residents were enslaved
Slaves had few legal rights
Owners could whip, abuse, and even kill them
Enslaved people built their own culture
Hunted, fished and grew food during free time
Blended African and American traditions
Organized own churches
20. Out After Dark
Slaves worked hard to build independent lives
At night, woods filled with slaves on the move
Went to visit family members on other plantations
Supposed to carry passes from their owners
White ―pattie rollers‖ on horses enforced this rule
21. Free Blacks
Small, but significant group of free blacks in NC
Some had been free for generations
Some were freed by their masters
Some earned enough money to buy their freedom
1860 – Free blacks made up 10% of population
in New Bern
22. True or False?
By 1830, 1/3 of NC’s residents were
enslaved.
Slaves had few legal rights.
Enslaved people copied the culture of
their owners.
Slaves were always slaves; there was
no chance of ever becoming free.
In 1807, Britain became the first country
to make it illegal for its citizens to
participate in the slave trade.
23. Moses Grandy
Read Grandy’s story on page 166
Select a quote or one aspect of his life that
intrigues you
Draw a picture that represents this quote or event
Include the quote, if possible
24. The War of 1812
Britain and France went to war first – US
remained neutral
Britain began to seize US ships carrying supplies to
France
Britain began to kidnap US sailors – impressment
US was mad that Britain supported Native American
groups
―Warhawks‖ – Congressional leaders who wanted
war with Britain
1812 – James Madison declared war on Great
25. British-Indian alliance defeated American forces
headed to Canada
Navy blockaded American ports – attacked
coastal towns
Invaded Washington, DC and burned the capitol
and White House
Some worried the US would not survive
26. North Carolinians in the war
Dolley Payne Madison
Wife of President
James Madison
Stayed at White
House when British
invaded – saved
several papers and
valuables
―Heroine of the war‖
27. Andrew Jackson – war’s most celebrated hero
By 1814, both sides were ready to end the
conflict
Signed a peace treaty on Christmas Eve
War had the greatest effect on Native Americans
Creek Indians forced to give up much of their land
Gave US a psychological boost
Americans were proud they stood up to Britain
28. HAVE YOU BEEN PAYING
ATTENTION?
What religious movement began in 1801 and spread
nationwide?
What did abolitionists want?
Where were they located?
Which side of the state held political power?
How did the cotton gin affect the economy?
Who patented the cotton gin?
What is one way slaves could become free?
What was one cause of the War of 1812?
What were Congressional leaders who wanted to go
to war called?
Who is considered the heroine of the war?
29. Struggles in the West
Mainly small-scale family farmers
Owned or rented a few dozen acres of land
Families and livestock consumed most of what they
grew
Built life around farming, church and relatives
Many lived and died without ever leaving the
county where they were born
―Just getting by‖
30. Waking Up the State
Wanted to improve
transportation
Many wanted to make
more money, buy more
things, and raise their
standard of living
Leaders across the
country called on the
government to build
roads and improve
waterways
―internal improvements‖
NC did not launch
programs of internal
improvements
31. North Carolina
North Carolina’s legislature:
Seats were determined by number of counties, NOT
population
More people lived in the Piedmont and western part
of state
Eastern legislatures used power to ensure that
there were more eastern counties
Eastern politics believed in limited government
32. Eastern Politics
Did not need much government action
Educated children with private tutors and
academies
Sent crops through a well-developed system of
rivers and canals
Saw no reason to spend $ to help rest of state
33. ―Rip Van Winkle State‖
NC was declining socially and economically,
instead of moving forward
Stagnant western economy
Lack of investment in education
Elite’s tight hold on political power
34. Rip Van Winkle
In a pleasant village lives the kindly Rip Van
Winkle. Rip enjoys solitary activities in the
wilderness, but is also loved by all in town—
especially the children to whom he tells stories
and gives toys. However, a tendency to avoid all
gainful labor allows his home and farm to fall into
disarray due to his lazy neglect.
35. Rip Van Winkle
One autumn day, Rip is escaping his wife's
nagging, wandering up the mountains with his
dog, Wolf. Hearing his name being shouted, Rip
discovers that the speaker is a man dressed in
antiquated Dutch clothing, carrying a keg up the
mountain, who requires Rip's help. Without
exchanging words, the two hike up to a hollow in
which Rip discovers a group of silent, bearded
men who are playing nine-pins Although there is
no conversation and Rip does not ask the men
who they are, he discreetly begins to drink some
of their liquor, and soon falls asleep.
36. Rip Van Winkle
He awakes in unusual circumstances: it seems to be morning,
his gun is rotted and rusty, his beard has grown a foot long, and
Wolf is nowhere to be found. Rip returns to his village where he
finds that he recognizes no one. Asking around, he discovers
that his wife has died and that his close friends have died in a
war or gone somewhere else. He immediately gets into trouble
when he proclaims himself a loyal subject of King George III, not
knowing that the American Revolution has taken place. Rip is
also disturbed to find another man is being called Rip Van Winkle
(though this is in fact his son, who has now grown up).
37. Rip Van Winkle
The men he met in the mountains, Rip learns, are
rumored to be the ghosts of an old crew. Rip is
told that he has apparently been away from the
village for twenty years. An old local recognizes
Rip and Rip's now-adult daughter takes him in.
Rip resumes his habitual idleness, and his tale is
solemnly taken to heart by the Dutch settlers, with
other hen-pecked husbands, after hearing his
story, wishing they could share in Rip's good luck,
and have the luxury of sleeping through the
hardships of war.
38. ―Rip Van Winkle State‖
Is this an appropriate nickname for North Carolina
during this time period? Why or why not?
What other nickname could have been given to
describe NC during this time?
What similarities exist between the short story
and NC?
39. Archibald DeBow Murphey
Challenged state legislature’s lack of interest in
improvements
Proposed improving navigation
Digging canals, building major roads, etc
Promoted public education
Drew up a plan for a public education system
Free for those who couldn’t afford to pay fee
All white children could be educated
Proposals fell on deaf ears
40. Government Reform
1830s – leaders could no longer ignore pressures
for reform
Thousands of families moved west
NC was losing population and support
Constitution of 1835
Spread political power more evenly across state
Removed some restrictions on voting/holding office
New, energetic state government
41. Industrial Revolution
American merchants began to build factories and
develop their own machinery
Weaving cloth, grinding corn, making shoes, etc.
Centered in the Northeast
Land was scarce
Labor was plentiful and cheap
42. Transportation Revolution
State officials worked to link east and west with
roads, canals and railroads
Gave eastern manufacturers a new market for
their products
Plank roads
Long, wide boards
Far superior to muddy dirt
Railroads
Soon become dominant form of transportation
43. Public Schools
Legislature provided money for schools
Counties began to acquire buildings and teachers
Farm work > schoolwork
Calvin Wiley – first superintendent of schools
Founded teacher-training institutes
Established classroom standards
Traveled across state to promote interest in public
education
44. Westward Expansion
Expansion began soon after American Revolution
Louisiana Purchase
War of 1812: Alabama, Mississippi
Oregon Treaty
45. Indian Removal Act
Passed by a single vote
Forced Indians to trade southern land for land in
the west
Assigned a reservation (eventually became
Oklahoma)
Most Indians did not want to move
Many were held at gunpoint and forced to move
west
Some Indians picked up guns and fought back
Florida: Seminoles fought so hard that US decided
to let them stay
47. NC Cherokees
Went into woods to hide from troops
Sued federal government & won
North Carolinians had mixed views
Some thought Indians did not belong in American
society
Some thought they made good neighbors and
wanted them to stay
Leaders adopted a hands-off approach
Allowed them to stay, but refused to recognize as
citizens
Did not help federal government force people out
48. The Trail of Tears
1838: Almost 20,000 individuals headed towards
Oklahoma
Journey took several months
7,000 troops were sent to guard them, but they
did not provide enough food, shelter or medical
care
Approximately 4,000 died along the way
49.
50.
51. Did the government have the right to move
Indians from southern land? Why or why not?
How would you solve the Indian and settler
conflict over land?
If you were an Indian during this time period,
would you have moved peacefully or fought for
your land?
52. Manifest Destiny
Term for the attitude prevalent during expansion
US not only could, but was destined to, stretch
from coast to coast
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qrjg9ulR-
xo&feature=related
53. Abolition
1820s – all northern states abolished slavery
With new acquisitions, Congress needed to
decide whether slavery would be allowed
1830s – many Americans working to end slavery
Levi Coffin – vocal southern abolitionist
54. Abolitionists
Wanted to ―put a human face‖ on slavery
Thought people accepted slavery because they
viewed blacks as inferior
Helped publish autobiographies of former slaves
Frederick Douglas
Harriet Jacobs
Moses Grandy
55. David Walker
A free black man born in Wilmington, NC
Moved to Boston to join abolition movement
Published a pamphlet
Condemned slavery
Urged blacks to fight back
Used sailors, ministers and local leaders to
distribute
Eventually pamphlet ended up in North Carolina
56. Fear of Slave Revolt
NC slave owners worried about black revolt
1802 – 21 slaves were hanged for planning revolt
Charleston – residents discovered well-planned plot
to take over city
1820s – Escaped slaves attacked several
communities
General Assembly
Made it harder to free slaves
Enacted harsh penalties for teaching slaves to
read/write
57. Fear of Slave Revolt
1831 – Nat Turner led a
group of slaves in raids
in NC and VA
Killed at least 55 whites
in one night
Sparked panic across
the south
Edenton
Local militia searched
every blacks house
Many were whipped
and/or arrested
Demolished a local
black church
59. Plantation
Economy driven by land, slaves and cotton
Soil was fertile/climate was mild
Planters invested $ in new land and slaves to
work it
South remained an agricultural region
cotton = profitable = no reason to invest in other
businesses
60. Industry
Land was harder to obtain
Soil was rocky /climate was colder
Merchants invested $ in canals and railroads to
improve trade
Manufacturing proved to be highly profitable
Invested profits in new technology, factories, and
transportation
61. Nullification Crisis
1832 – Congress raised tariffs on imported goods
Helped northerners by reducing competition
Hurt southerners who had to pay more for
manufactured goods
Did the federal government have the right to tell
an individual state what to do?
South Carolina lead the south in the debate
Threatened to secede from the Union
No other state support -- decided to back down
Leaders worried issue of slavery would cause
states to secede
62. 1820 – Missouri Compromise
All states below line would allow slavery
All states above line would be free
1854 – Kansas-Nebraska Act
Residents of Kansas and Nebraska could vote on
whether their state would allow slavery or not
63.
64. Election of 1860
Key issue: should slavery expand into western
territories?
Anti-expansionists formed new party –
Republicans
Nominated Abraham Lincoln for president
Won every free state and became president
December 20: South Carolinians voted to secede
from the Union
