3. Integumentary
System
What part of your body has to be
partly dead to keep you alive?
Clue: It comes in many colors
Clue: It is the largest organ in
your body
Clue: You can see it right now!
4. Integumentary
System
Includes your skin,
your hair,
and your nails
Protects the tissues beneath them
Covers your body
Helps maintain homeostasis
5. Structure and
Function of Skin
Made of both live and dead epithelial cells
Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil
glands, muscle fibers, nerve fibers and
blood vessels
Protects you by keeping water in your
body and foreign particles out.
Nerve endings in your skin let you feel
things around you
Regulates body temperature. When you
sweat, your skin and body cools
Helps get rid of wastes through your sweat.
6. Structure and Function of Hair
and Nails
Like skin, contains both live and
dead cells.
Hair protects skin from UV light
Eyelashes keep dust and bugs out of
your eyes
Hair helps regulate body
temperature (goosebumps)
Nails protect the tips of your fingers
and toes
7. Cardiovascular
System
Includes your heart, blood and blood
vessels
Carries nutrients to your cells
Carries waste products from your
cells
Carries hormones to your
cells
8. Structure & Function of
the Heart
Made of cardiac muscle
Has 4 chambers: left and right
atrium (top) and left and right
ventricle (bottom)
Right side pumps oxygen
poor blood to the lungs
Left side pumps oxygen
rich blood to the body
9. Structure and Function
of Blood
Blood is made of red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets
and plasma
Red blood cells are made in the bone
marrow
Red blood cells carry oxygen to your cells
with the help of a protein called
hemoglobin
White blood cells defend the body against
pathogens (bacteria and viruses that make
you sick)
Platelets help your blood to clot
10. Structure and Function
of Blood Vessels
Blood vessels include arteries,
veins and capillaries
Blood vessels are made
of smooth muscle
Arteries carry oxygen rich
blood from the heart to
the body
Capillaries are a tiny vessels
where there is an exchange of
O2 & CO2, nutrients and waste
products, and other substances.
Veins carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart
11. Muscular System
Made of the muscles in your
body that let you and your
organs move
12. Structure and
Function of Muscles
Do you remember the 3 types of muscles? Which are
voluntary (under your control) and which are
involuntary (not under your control)?
Smooth – found in digestive tract and vessels
Skeletal – attached to bones
Cardiac – found in heart
13. Structure and
Function of Muscles
Responsible for movement
Skeletal muscles is attached to bones by tendons
(connective tissue) Do you see them?
Usually work in pairs – when one contracts, the
other relaxes
16. Structure and
Function of Bones
Protection: protects your organs
Storage: store minerals to help
nerves and muscles work property,
store fat that can be used for energy
Movement: skeletal muscles pull on
bones to produce movement
Blood: marrow in your bones make
blood cells
17. Interesting Fact
When you were born, most of your
bones were soft and rubbery – made
of cartilage. Over time, this cartilage
is replaced by bone.
Where do you still have cartilage?
Hint: it is soft and flexible.
18. Bone Joints
A place where 2 or more bones meet is a
joint
Joints are held together by ligaments (a
type of connective tissue)
Joints are cushioned by the cartilage (a
type of connective tissue) at the end of
your bones
Joints are either moveable (gliding, ball
and socket or hinge) or not moveable
(fixed)
19. Structure and
Function of Joints
Gliding joint – hand and wrist glide past one
another
Ball and socket joint – like a video stick, allows
movement in all directions
Hinge joint – like a door, movement is in two
directions
Fixed joint – no movement, or little movement.
20. Respiratory System
Includes the nose, throat, lungs and
passageways that lead to the lungs
Respiration is the process by which a body
gets and uses O2, and releases CO2 and H2O
The first part of respiration is breathing
(inhaling and exhaling), and the second
part is cellular respiration, which involves
chemical reactions that release
energy from food.
21. Structure and Function
of the Nose and Throat
Your nose is the main passageway into and
out of the respiratory system. Your nose
has little hairs that filter the air you
breathe.
Air can also enter through your mouth.
The throat has 2 parts – the pharynx and
larynx
Air enters the lungs through the pharynx,
and food enters the esophagus through the
larynx
22. Function of the Nose
and Throat
Nose
Contains hair to filter air
Throat
Air and food enter body
Pharynx Larynx
Air enters lungs Food enters esophagus
23. Function of the
Lungs
Your body has 2 sponge-like lungs
The trachea (entrance to the lungs) divides
into 2 branches called bronchi
One bronchus connects to each lung
Bronchi branch into smaller tubes called
bronchioles
Bronchioles branch into tiny sacs called
alveoli
Your lungs have no muscles, what causes
you to breath are the rib muscles and a
large muscle called the diaphragm
24.
25. Breathing and Cellular
Respiration
Look closely at the alveoli – what do
you see?
When you breathe, O2 and CO2 are
exchanged in the alveoli.
In cellular respiration, O2 and CO2 are
exchanged in the capillaries
26. The Digestive System
A group of many organs that work
together to digest food so that it can
be used by the body
Some organs have
food pass through
them, other organs
produce enzymes
that help in the
digestion of food
27. Function of the
Digestive System
Mouth: Teeth for mechanical digestion, saliva
for chemical digestion
Esophagus: Peristalsis moves food to stomach
Stomach: Muscular (smooth) sac that
continues mechanical digestion. Secretes HCl
acid to help with chemical digestion
Small Intestine: Chemical digestion continues
Large Intestine: Absorbs H2O, stores, compacts
and eliminates material not absorbed into the
blood
Rectum& Anus: Eliminates waste from the
body
28. Function of the
Digestive System
Salivary Glands: Secrete saliva that helps
in the chemical digestion of
carbohydrates
Pancreas: secretes enzymes that helps to
neutralize the acid in the stomach and in
the chemical digestion of sugars
Liver & Gallbladder: Helps in digestion by
Making bile to break up fat
Stores nutrients
Breaks down toxins
29. Interesting Facts
If you were to stretch your small
intestine out, it would be 6 m long!
If you flattened out the surface, it
would cover a tennis court! How is this
possible? Look up villi
It takes about 24 hrs for food to travel
through your digestive system
30. The Urinary System
Includes the kidneys and bladder
Removes waste products from your
blood
31. Function of the
Kidney
The kidneys are a pair of organs that
constantly remove waste products
from your blood.
If these waste products are not
removed, your body can actually be
poisoned.
32. Function of Urinary
Bladder
Waste fluid (urine) leaves
the kidneys through the
ureters and enters the
bladder. Urine leaves
the body through the
urethra
33. The Nervous System
Consists of central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system includes the brain
and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system all other parts
The CNS acts as the control center for
the body
The PNS carries information to and
from the CNS
34. Structure and
Function of the Brain
Main control of the nervous system
Consists of 3 parts: Cerebrum (controls
thought and memories), cerebellum
(controls sensory info from muscles, etc),
and medulla (controls breathing, body
temp, heart rate)
Has both voluntary and
involuntary movements.
Can you name a voluntary
movement? An involuntary
movement?
35. Function of the
Spinal Cord
Carries messages from the PNS to
your brain
About as big around as your thumb
Protected by bones - vertebrae
36. Function of Neurons
(aka Nerves)
Messages from your environment travel
through the nervous system along
neurons
Neurons are special cells that transfer
messages by impulses (a form of
electrical energy)
Funny looking cells
with extensions –
dendrites and axons
38. The Endocrine
System
A collection of glands and groups of cells
that secrete hormones that regulate
growth, development, and homeostasis
A gland is a group of cells that make special
chemical for the body
These chemicals, called
hormones, are made in one
type of cell and cause a change
in another cell or tissue in
your body
39. Function of the
Endocrine System
Pancreas: regulates blood sugar
Thyroid: regulates rate at which
you use energy
Parathyroid: regulates calcium
levels in your blood
Adrenal: helps body respond
to danger
Thymus: regulates immune system
Pituitary: secretes hormones
to help other glands
Ovaries/Testes: secretes hormones
needed for reproduction
40. The Lymphatic
System
Includes the thymus gland, bone
marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph
nodes and lymph vessels
41. The Lymphatic
System
A group of organs and tissues that helps
your body fight pathogens (bacteria or
viruses that make you sick)
Works with the bones
in the skeletal system
A group of organs and
tissues that collect excess
fluid that leaks out of the
capillaries and returns it to
your blood
42. Structure and Function
of the Lymphatic System
Thymus gland: produces T cells to help fight
infections
Bone marrow: produces lymphocytes, a type of
white blood cells that fight infection
Spleen: Produces lymphocytes and removes
defective red blood cells
Tonsils: Lymphocytes in the tonsils trap
pathogens that enter the throat
Lymph nodes: Store lymphocytes that fight
infections and remove pathogens from
lymphatic fluids
Lymphatic fluid: Transport lymphatic fluid
throughout the body
