Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Symptoms and Treatments

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Symptoms and Treatments

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling
of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive
disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and
behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical
problems.
You may have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities, and
sometimes you may feel as if life isn't worth living
Having clinical depression isn’t the same as feeling a bit
depressed. Let’s think of it as a mental health spectrum. On the
one end, your mental health is great, you’re feeling good, and
are accomplishing what you need to get done.

On the other end, you’re not well at all. It is possible that
you’re struggling to cope with crippling depression, or
maybe you might even have suicidal thoughts.
Approximately in the middle of that spectrum is where the
threshold for clinical depression lies and major depressive
disorder is diagnosed. This is the state where depression
becomes so difficult that it impacts your life, your feelings of
hope, thought patterns, and it can even show up as physical
ailments.
If you are experiencing depression, it’s important to pay
attention to your needs and seek help.

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Although depression may occur only once during your life, people typically have
multiple episodes. During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly
every day and may include:
Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or
sports
Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain
Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
In addition, at least one of the symptoms must be either a depressed
mood or a loss of interest and these symptoms have to be causing
significant distress or impairment in your ability to function. It’s
important to remember that everyone’s threshold for distress is
different, so trust that what you’re feeling is important and that you
don’t have to go through this alone.
It can be difficult to quantify your own feelings or quality of life,
particularly if you’ve been experiencing troublesome moods and
emotions for a while. That’s why it’s important to talk to your doctor to
see if you are experiencing major depressive disorder.
Major depressive disorder can be a lifelong disorder, but with the right
treatment, recurrences can be significantly lessened in both quantity
and severity.

Treatments For Major Depressive Disorder
While there is no cure for major depressive disorder,
treatments have come a long way. Some individuals even
see their depression go into full remission with treatment,
while for others, treatment can lessen the severity and
frequency of episodes.
However, the more episodes of depression you experience,
the likelihood of experiencing another in the future is higher.
That’s why it’s important to talk to a doctor.

Medicines For Major Depressive Disorder
There are a variety of different depression medications that help
alleviate the symptoms of major depressive disorder. It’s usually
advisable to combine medications with talk therapy to help with
coping mechanisms and reframing thoughts.
Antidepressants mostly fall within two categories:
SSRIs: SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. They work by
blocking the reuptake of serotonin by the neurons, thus allowing more
serotonin to work its magic.
Serotonin is a handy little chemical called a neurotransmitter and is
believed to be responsible for mood regulation, feelings of happiness,
sleep quality, appetite, and digestion, among other things.

Medicines For Major Depressive Disorder
Some SSRI antidepressants are Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, and
Sertraline. Not every SSRI works for everyone and patience is needed
for full effects to be seen (anywhere between 4 to 6 weeks).
SNRIs: SNRIs are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and
work much the same as SSRIs with the key difference being the
addition of the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. Some individuals
who find SSRIs don’t work see positive results with SNRIs.
Some SNRI antidepressants are Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, and
Desvenlafaxine.

Sertima (Sertraline Hydrochloride Tablets)

Manufactured By: Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited,
India.
Strengths Available: 50 mg and 100 mg.
More Details: https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-zoloft-sertima-by-intas.html

Venlor XR (Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Capsules)

Manufactured By: Cipla Limited, India.
Strengths Available: 37.5 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg
More Details: https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-effexor-xr-venlor-xr-by-cipla.html

D-Veniz (Desvenlafaxine Succinate Tablets)

Manufactured By: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
Limited, India
Strengths Available: 50 mg and 100 mg
More Details: https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-pristiq-d-veniz-by-sun-pharma.html

Duzela (Duloxetine Hydrochloride Capsules)

Manufactured By: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
Limited, India
Strengths Available: 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg
More Details: https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-cymbalta-duzela-by-sun-pharma.html

Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is what mental health professionals use
to communicate with their patients. The purpose of talk therapy is to help identify
issues causing emotional distress.
Sometimes talk therapy works on its own, but often it’s more effective when
combined with medications. This is why it’s best to talk to your doctor.
There are multiple variations of talk therapy, each focusing on a different aspect of
mental health needs.
Not all types of talk therapy work for everyone. Depending on your depression, you
may need to be in therapy for a while, so patience is key.
Talk therapy teaches you new and helpful ways of coping with distress and its
impact on your life. It can help you find healing from anxiety, depression, trauma, and
other mental health-related symptoms, conditions, and issues.
Psychotherapy gives you the chance to talk to someone who’s trustworthy and
unbiased about your mental health issues.
There are a few forms of talk therapy that have shown promising results in
individuals with major depressive disorder.
Talk Therapy

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a particularly effective treatment for
both anxiety and depression and when combined with antidepressant
medications, it is even more effective.
CBT works by helping you reframe your thoughts, resulting in different patterns
of thinking and being able to recognize harmful thoughts as they happen. It
also helps provide coping mechanisms.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is another form of talk therapy that focuses
on improving interpersonal (between people) functioning. It helps you look at
your relationships in a more objective and healthy way.
Solution-focused Therapy
Solution-focused therapy (SFT) helps with goal-setting and solutions for
achieving those goals. It does this by reframing your thoughts towards a more
positive outlook, rather than remaining mired in negative thoughts that
depression can often create.

Reducing stress is also a bonus, no matter the state of your mental
health.
Stress is a common and sometimes unavoidable part of life, but it can
also have negative effects on your physical and mental health.
Obligations will always bring some amount of stress, but talking
about any feelings of overwhelm you may have with key people in
your life can help with this. Fortunately, there are some simple ways
to reduce stress and cope with its challenges.
Some of these include:
Getting more physical activity like small walks. Exercise can help
lower cortisol levels, improve mood, and boost self-esteem . Choose
an activity that you enjoy and do it regularly.
Reducing Stress

Following a healthy diet. Eating a balanced diet that is rich in fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and water can help
nourish your body and mind . Avoid or limit foods that are high in added
sugar, salt, fat, and preservatives, as they may increase stress levels .
Practicing mindfulness. Mindfulness is a technique that involves paying
attention to the present moment without judgment. It can help you become
more aware of your thoughts, feelings, sensations, and surroundings.
Mindfulness can also help you relax, cope with negative emotions, and
enhance your well-being .
Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation or breathing exercises.
Consider your work commute. If there's anything stressful about it, see if you can find a
way to reduce that stress, like calming music or even commuting at different times.
Reduce social media exposure. In addition to these, group therapy or support
networks are also beneficial. Depression can be incredibly isolating and knowing
you’re not alone can make all the difference.
Reducing Stress

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) -Summary
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or clinical depression, is a mood disorder
that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. In case you
feel depressed, make an appointment to see your doctor or mental health
professional as soon as you can.
Major depressive disorder is a medical condition with treatment available.
Treatments include Talk therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy,
Interpersonal psychotherapy, Solution-focused therapy, Reducing stress as
well as medications.
Medications include Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin
And Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors.
More details regarding medications for Major Depressive Disorder
are given on the NEXT slide.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) -Summary
More details regarding medications for Major Depressive Disorder
are given below:
https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-zoloft-sertima-by-intas.html
https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-effexor-xr-venlor-xr-by-cipla.html
https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-pristiq-d-veniz-by-sun-pharma.html
https://www.clearskypharmacy.biz/generic-cymbalta-duzela-by-sun-pharma.html

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Symptoms and Treatments

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