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Leadership theories
1. Learning Team C
Audley Bain, Christine Denison, and Carol Gipson
EDL/500
Leadership Theories
2. Introduction
There are eight major types of theories that explain the
practice and concept of leadership. This presentation
provides a brief overview and comparison of two of them;
trait theory, and behavioral theory. When the term
“leadership” comes to mind the image is usually of
someone who communicates well, is a people person
and a good decision maker. Leadership can be
evaluated by traits someone is born with, or a building
process of learned behaviors.
3. Trait Theory
• People are born to be leaders
• Indentifies patterns of behavior within an individual
• Traits or characteristics tend to lead to effective
leadership
• Traits are considered stable or unchanging
4. Behavioral Theory
• Leaders can be made rather than born
• “Successful leadership is based in definable, learnable
behavior” (Behavioral theory, 2002-2013)
• “Looks at what leaders actually do” (Behavioral theory, 2002-
2013)
• Leadership capabilities can be learned
• Two type of behavioral theories; role theory and
managerial grid
QuotesPics.com
5. Role Theory
• Provides a model of behavior in specific circumstances
• Often known as ”play acting”
• Was present in 2nd decade of 20th Century
• Only snapshot of activity, may not be representative for
everyone all the time
6. Managerial Grid
• Also known as “leadership grid”
• Guided by 5 leadership styles
– indifferent or impoverished
– county club or accommodating
– status-quo or middle of the road
– dictatorial or produce, and
– sound or team
• Based on a manager’s concern for his workers and
concern for production
• Priority based on managers motivation
• Motivation provides fundamental to successful
leadership style
7. Comparing Trait and Behavioral Theories
Trait Theory Behavioral Theory
believes people are born to be leaders believes leaders are made not born
uses characteristics of past successful
and unsuccessful leaders to evaluate
success of potential leaders
people can learn to be leaders from role
playing or play acting
process is appealing, but problems
arise with proving principals
behavior is easier to teach than traits or
capabilities
approach is often challenged by
opposition
approach is widely used in leadership
training
9. Conclusion
Throughout the years, since the early part of the 20th
Century, qualities of leadership and leadership theories
have been studied and evaluated. While early leadership
theories focused on what qualities would distinguish
between leaders and followers, more recent theories
based their models on other variables, such as
environmental factors and ability levels. Trait theory
seems to be consistent with measuring qualities that
distinguish leaders and followers, and behavioral theory
is consistent with environmental factors and ability levels.
Arguments have been made between these two theories
for many years. Are people born to be great leaders or
are great leaders the influence of behavior training
received from mentors and life experiences?
10. References
Behavioral theory. (2002-2013). Retrieved from
http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/behavioral_
theory.htm
Behavioral theories of leadership. (2010-2013). Retrieved from
http://www.leadership-central.com/behavioral-
theories.html#ixzz2Velj0eHl
Theories of leadership. (2013). Retrieved from
http://vectorstudy.com/management-topics/theories-of-leadership
Trait theory. (2002-2013). Retrieved from
http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/trait_theory.
htm
Trait theory of leadership. (2008-2013). Retrieved from
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/trait-theory-of-
leadership.htm
Hinweis der Redaktion
Trait theory believes that people are born with inherited traits, some of which are particularly suited for leadership. Trait theory focuses on identifying patterns of behavior within an individual. Supporters of trait theory list leadership qualities and believe that traits or characteristics tend to lead to effective leadership. These traits are considered to be stable or unchanging; people will act the same way over time and across different situations. Psychologists measure these traits by using a variety of measures, including self-report assessments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) or social desirability scales. Traits also can be measured using observed behaviors. One standard way to measure traits is through the five-factor model of personality, which uses five traits to describe people: extroversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Well-known psychologists stress the importance of considering interaction between condition and person as well as the motivation behind his or her behavior.
According to Changing Minds, behavioral theory assumes that leaders can be made rather than born. “Successful leadership is based in definable, learnable behavior. Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek inborn traits or capabilities; rather they look at what leaders actually do” (Behavioral theory, 2002-2013). Behavioral theory is very different from trait theory. The idea is that leadership capabilities can be learned, rather than something he or she is born with. This unlocks the doors to leadership development. Behavioral theory is fairly easy to develop by modeling leadership success on the actions of the leaders. There are two types of behavioral theories, role theory, and the managerial grid.
Role Theory provides a model of behavior in specific circumstances. For instance a person may assume the personality and behavior of a person in an actual situation and act as if the situation were real. This is similar to what actors do in television or on stage, often known as “play acting.” This type of behavioral theory was present in sociological literature in the second decade of the 20th Century eventually evolved into behaviorism. Teachers often use role playing to encourage desirable behavior. One central problem with role-playing is the model is only a snapshot of activity performed by an individual and may not be representative for everyone and for all time.
Managerial Grid, also known as leadership grid, was initially guided by five different leadership styles; indifferent or impoverished, county club or accommodating, status-quo or middle of the road, dictatorial or produce, and sound or team. Each style is based on the relationships between a manager’s concern for its workers and concern for production. The priority often was based on his or her motivations. The motivation element provides the fundamental behind a successful leadership style.
Trait theory believes that people are born with inherited traits. This theory uses characteristics of many leaders, both successful and unsuccessful to predict the effectiveness of one’s leadership. The list of characteristics is compared to that of a potential leader to evaluate the probability of success or failure. Although the trait theory process is appealing, there may be problems with proving its principles. The approach to this theory is often challenged by opposition.Behavioral theory is the opposite of trait theory, wherein the belief is that successful leaders are made, not born. “If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it should be relatively easy for other people to act in the same way. This is easier to teach and learn then to adopt the more ephemeral 'traits' or 'capabilities'” (Behavioral theory, 2002-2013). Behavioral theory believes the one can learn from role playing or play acting.
