The study of interactions between man and machine is key in aviation. Recent years have seen these relationships be transformed, and the emergence of interactions technologies called "natural" or concepts of Augmented Human, or collaborative robotics. The objective of the studies in Human Factors is always to anticipate tomorrow's world by focusing the development of new operations concepts or new technologies on human, so as to optimize the Human Machine relations and therefore uses. It is therefore to establish a Human Factors Engineering integrated to the cycle of design and development and operation of complex systems in particular, and to develop the Human Factors disciplines appropriate to the expected changes in the industry, operators and users.

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HUMAN FACTORS IN AIRBUS DESIGN
FLORENCE REUZEAU (EYDN)
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2. archi 2008

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The representation of Human factors : past and future,
the same story
• « The human at work »: the best compromise between
working situation and human characteristics in term of
safety, health (physical and psychological), efficiency,
comfort and satisfaction at work.
Oversimplification ??
Human, work, situations
!

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Your brain
Friday debriefing

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Introduction: Airbus HF network & competences
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Test
( flight &
lab)
Certification
Ops
Training
Airline
feedback
Accident/
incident
analysis
Design
(cabin,
cockpit,
maintaina
bility)
EDYDN
Human Factors
Psychology
Physiology
Ergonomics
Sociology
HM-interaction
Health & Safety
Toxicology

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HUMAN IS EVERYWHERE
Neuro
science
psychology
H-H-M: Role and responsibility
sharing
-Automation
•Team cooperation
-Decision making …
Interaction H-M
- controls (sticks, voice…)
-information (displays)
-Means of interaction:
trackball, keyboard, voice, audio…
Working environment
- on board, on ground
- Air Traffic Management…

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Introduction to Human Factors in Aviation
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Understanding the Human…
Physiology Psychology
Linguistic Sociology
•Comprehension and
decision making
• Automation
• Human error
• Workload &
cognitive resources
management
…
• Human perception
• Stress
• Alertness &
Fatigue
• Hypoxia
…
• Terminology
• Syntax
• Controlled
language
…
• Human to Human
cooperation and
communication
• Effect of culture
Human is a complex marvelous system which is capable of
adaptation but with some limits that we have to consider.
Human Factors in Flight

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Human Factors mission in Airbus
EDYDN goal :
•Predict/understand the end users behavior during all operations,
when interacting with Airbus design
• Ensure that the missions are acceptable for the end users
• Ensure that interaction is acceptable for end users,
=>Airbus takes the best compromises for the End-Users

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Human capability and vulnerabilities
• Human errors: link with social organisation of team tasks.
PlaneFunatChinaAirlines.pps
• Normal situation for a pilot !

10. archi 2008
Pilots, maintainers, cabin crew, yourself ? : human
being !

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Physiology, exercice
Draw a 6 with right
hand
Draw a circle with your right foot

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Psychology, Exercise
How many 'F' in the following text ? (10sec)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE-
SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIF-
IC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE
EXPERIENCE OF YEARS IN THE
FUN OF THE EXPERIMENT.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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results
Those who were right (8) are geniuses…
5 or 6 or 7 are quite scarce people…
4 is more frequent.
Less than 4, please change your glasses…
8 is the right one!
Explanation : While reading quickly eyes are performing
“microsaccades”, Eyes are focused by "lexical“ word, jumping
over grammatical words (article, conjunction, ...).
The 3 "OF“ into the text are not directly fixed…

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Psychology,linguistics Exercice : You can not prevent
your brain from working alone
• If yuo can raed tihs txet , it’s bceuase yuo hvae aslo a good
brian. Not all teh poelpe are albe to undrestnda tihs txet .
Flolownig a sudty form Unievristy of Cmabridge, the odrer of the
lteters is not so mcuh imotprante. The fisrt and the lsat leteters
are imotprante.

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Psychology Exercise
• Fixe during 30 secondes the black
point in the next picture,
• Without moving the eyes, go to the
next page
• It will be colored
• It will become black and white as
soon as you avert your eyes

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Psychology, Exercice
• Mental computation:
• Take 1000 and add 40. Add 1000
• Add 30 and again 1000
• Add 20. Add 1000, then 10
• Result ?

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Psychology, Exercice
• Mental computation:
• Take 1000 and add 40. Add 1000
• Add 30 and again 1000
• Add 20. Add 1000, then 10
• Result : 5000 ????? OR 4100
Our brain jump more easily towards the higher decimal

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Psychology,, Exercice : Color Test , give the color of the
letters
RED
GREEN
BLUE
Yellow
Black
GREEN
RED
ORANGE
Tell me the colour of the word?
Read the color

21. archi 2008
Apply Human factors in Design and Certification

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High level principles: anticipate the real operations and support
the design until certification demonstration
Explore, learn, rationalise, consolidate, demonstrate
Flight Crew OPS
Concept
Crew Interface
Solution Defined
Crew Interface
Design
Implementation
Integrated Flight
Crew Test
and Evaluation
Flight Crew
Interface
Requirements
Capture
CERTIFICATION
Cockpit
Philosophy
Controlled
Language D E S I G N
EVALUATION
Systemic & systematic approach in REALISTIC operational Contexts of use
Pilots or relevant End users involvement: test pilots & training pilots & airlines
pilots, Atcontrollers…..
Human Factors methods complying with HF certification
Consistency rules

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Mental Model
Observation
Interpretation Action plan
Execution
•Experience/expertise + situation
Checking through theAircraft
feedback
Goals driven
Data driven

24. archi 2008
BAD DESIGN ?

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Bad design and HF issue: adequate feedback,
affordance, clear information, prediction of system
behavior

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WARNING: TO MAINTAIN WATER-RESISTANCE,
DO NOT PRESS ANY BUTTONS UNDER WATER
Bad design and HF issue: utility of the system, clear
information, prediction of system behavior

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Bad design: guidance, affordance

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