1. Motivation is the Key to Learning By Mark Stout

2. Learner Motivation Key components of learner motivation was developed by John Keller Keller developed a model called ARCS Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfaction Image source: http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/christine-duvivier/200904091778

3. Attention The first and single most important aspect of the ARCS model is gaining and keeping the learner's attention, which coincides with the first step in Gagne's model. Keller's strategies for attention include sensory stimuli, inquiry arousal (thought provoking questions), and variability (variance in exercises and use of media) (Kruse)

4. Relevance Establish relevance in order to increase a learner’s motivation. To do this, use concrete language and examples with which the learners are familiar. (ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller))

5. Confidence Learners will only start to put energy into an activity if they feel there’s a good chance that this energy will bring reward. They need confidence in your method and in their own ability to take advantage of this. (Clive, 2009) Image Source: http://digicynic.wordpress.com/2008/09/10/how-to-have-a-successful-career-in-advertising/

6. Satisfaction Appropriate acknowledgment of instructional content and developing the desire to continue the pursuit of similar goals. (Motivation Strategies in Online Distance Learning and e-Learning)

7. Methods for Attention The point here is to get attention Pose a question – Get their minds turning prior to discussion Tell a story – Attention is focused on the speaker Participation- Handout an item for students to examine

8. Methods for Relevance Goal orientation, which may mean outcome of learning such as obtaining a job, reward, etc. or may imply the means of learning (BALABAN-SALI, 2008) Motive Matching, Adapt by using teaching strategies that match the motive profiles of the students. (Rodriguez)

9. Strategies for Confidence Objectives, Provides objectives that are easy to understand and are attainable Feedback, allows the student a comprehension of their status of attaining one goal.

10. Satisfaction Learning Experience must be rewarding for student Student should newly acquired knowledge is beneficial Don’t make goals to easy Stock Image

11. References ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller). (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2010, from Learning-Theories.com: http://www.learning-theories.com/kellers-arcs-model-of-motivational-design.html Clive. (2009, September 28). Using John Keller’s ARCS model to motivate online learners. Retrieved September 25, 2010, from onlignment.com: http://onlignment.com/2009/09/using-john-kellers-arcs-model-to-motivate-online-learners BALABAN-SALI, J. (2008, July). DESIGNING MOTIVATIONAL LEARNING SYSTEMS. Retrieved September 25, 2010, from The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education: http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde31/articles/article_13.htm

12. References Kruse, K. (n.d.). The Magic of Learner Motivation: The ARCS Model. Retrieved September 25, 2010, from e-LearningGuru: http://www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art3_5.htm Motivation Strategies in Online Distance Learning and e-Learning. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2010, from .about-elearning.com: http://www.about-elearning.com/motivation.html Rodriguez, S. (n.d.). ARCS Motivation Theory. Retrieved September 25, 2010, from The University of Texas School of Public Health: http://www.sph.uth.tmc.edu/uploadedFiles/Services/OID/a-arcs.pdf