1. Devolution or Supranationalism?
AP Human Geography
2012

2. What is devolution?
 The
process whereby regions within a state
demand and gain political strength and
growing autonomy at the expense of the
central government
 The disintegration of a state along regional
lines
 Propelled by forces that divide and
destabilize, usually centrifugal forces

3. What are current examples of
devolution?

Scotland (UK)
–
–


Belgium
Czechoslovakia-peaceful split, 1993
–


Oil
EU membership
Hungarians are still a minority in Slovakia (11%)
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro are now
formally independent of each other)
Russia and former Soviet Union

7. Yugoslavia
7
major/17 minor ethnic groups
 Former multinational, multiethnic state
 Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.

9. What is supranationalism?
 Global
governance
 3+ states forging associations for mutual
benefit and pursuit of shared goals
 60+ unions today

10. What is supranationalism?
 States
seeking common economic, political,
and cultural ground by joining unions created
to benefit participants and disadvantage
others
–
–
–
Sparks further supranational orgs for those left
out
Geographically contiguous
Economically similar or different (Common
Market/OPEC)

11. What are current examples of
supranationalism?
 Military,
economic, cultural, or political
 BENELUX / European Common Market /
European Union
 United Nations
 NATO/Warsaw Treaty
 OPEC
 Arab League

13. NATO

14. OPEC

15. APEC

16. The United Nations




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Post WWII
Foster international security and cooperation
2002 had 191 countries
Peacekeeping 2002: 40,000 from 80 member states
in 15 different regions worldwide
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples represented 51
groups of stateless or unheard peoples
Subsidiaries include:
–
–
–
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
UNESCO: Educational, Scientific and Cultural…
WHO: World Health Organization