1. Chapter 8: Digestive System
Christopher Kenney
10/9/12

2. Digestive System
The 4 Terms I Will Cover Are As
Follows
-Hiatal Hernia
-Intravenous Cholecystography
-Gastroscope
-Root Canal

3. Digestive System
Hiatal Hernia
-Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity; Gastroesophageal Reflux
disease is a common symptom.
Risk factors for a Hiatal Hernia
-Increased pressure within the abdomen caused by: Heavy lifting or bending over, Frequent or hard coughing, Hard
sneezing, Pregnancy and delivery, Violent vomiting, Straining with constipation, Obesity (extra weight pushes down on
the abdomen increasing the pressure), Use of the sitting position for defecation.
-Heredity
-Smoking
-Drug Use, such as cocaine
-Stress
-Diaphragm weakness

4. Digestive System
Intravenous Cholecystography
- Dye is administered intravenously to the patient allowing for X-Ray visualization of the gall bladder and bile
ducts.
-It is used in immediate aid in the differential diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis and Acute Cholecystitis
-It has been recognized that, with the refined technique used in preparing iodine solutions for intravenous
cholecystography, the former objection of “Severe constitutional reaction” is no longer valid.
-It is among the least toxic materials in general use as an intravenous contrast medium.
-Preliminary catharsis, preferably with castor oil, should be carried out to clear the colon of gas and fecal
content. The examination is begun with the patient fasting

5. Digestive System

6. Digestive System
Root Canal
-Dental treatment involving the pulp cavity of the root of a tooth. Procedure is used to save a tooth that is badly infected
or abscessed.
-Requires one or more office visits and can be performed by a dentist or endodontist.
-The first step in the procedure is to take an X-ray to see the shape of the root canals and determine if there are any signs
of infection in a surrounding bone.
-Your dentist or endodontist will then use local anesthesia to numb the area near the tooth.

7. Digestive System
Root Canal
-Next, to keep the area dry and free of saliva during treatment, your dentist will place a rubber dam (a
sheet of rubber) around the tooth.
-An access hole will then be drilled into the tooth. The pulp along with bacteria, the decayed nerve
tissue and related debris is removed from the tooth.
-Once the tooth is thoroughly cleaned, it is sealed. Some dentists like to wait a week before sealing the
tooth.
-The final step may involve further restoration of the tooth. Because a tooth that needs a root canal
often is one that has a large filling or extensive decay or other weakness, a crown, crown and post, or
other restoration often needs to be placed on the tooth to protect it, prevent it from breaking, and
restore it to full function.

8. Digestive System
Vocabulary Recap
-Hiatal Hernia: A condition in which part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest, through an
opening in the diaphragm.
-Intravenous Cholecystography: Radiography of the gallbladder and bile ducts, using a radiopaque
dye as contrast medium.
-Gastroscope: A fiberoptic instrument for examining the interior of the stomach.
-Root Canal: A treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is badly decayed or becomes infected.