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Foundations
of
American Political Culture
Dr. Christopher S. Rice
University of Kentucky
“DON’T NEED ELECTION”
“It seems to me that Vice President Al Gore is out of control.
He is prepared to spend more than $40 million on a campaign
that the American people don’t want. The polls clearly show that
the people want Texas Gov. George W. Bush for the next
president. Why would Gore put the country through all of the
political ads and commercials when the people have spoken
through the polls?
I think Congress should take the message the American
people have sent to them and appoint Bush as president. Then
they could get back to issues that are important, like Social
Security and health care.
I know some people might say that we must have elections
because the law says so, but this could put the business of the
American people on hold for some time. Is that what we want? I
say it’s time to appoint Bush and put this behind us.”
– Randy Martin, Lexington. Lexington Herald-Leader (2000)
The American Creed
Values of the American Creed
Individualism
a commitment to
personal
initiative, self-
sufficiency and
material
accumulation
Unity
&
Diversity
Unity
the principle that Americans are one
people and form an indivisible union
Diversity
the idea that individual and group
differences should be respected
Diversity
these differences are themselves a sort
of strength
Commitment to rule of law
under a constitution
The idea that fundamental law
should serve as a restraint on
human behavior
“For as in absolute governments
the king is law, so in free countries
the law ought to be king and there
ought to be no other”
Thomas Paine
Liberty
the belief that individuals should be
free to act and think as they choose,
provided they do not infringe
unreasonably on the freedom and
well-being of others.
Equality
the belief that all individuals are
equal in their moral worth and are
entitled to equal treatment under
the law
Self-government
the belief that the people are the ultimate
source of governing authority and must
have a voice in how they are governed
Representative
Democracy
“Rule by the Few,
Controlled by the Many”
Delegate
Representation
Assumptions
Fairly Sophisticated
Rational
Informed
(Delegate Representation)
Politically Active
Politically Tolerant
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
Popular Sovereignty
The ultimate source of authority rests
with the people and the government
does the people’s bidding.
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
1 Person = 1 Vote
Assumes equal moral
agency and reason
(cc) 2007 Flickr User Tavallai
Social
Equality?
Social
Equality?
Mo’ Money
Mo’ Problems
It’s a Distribution Problem
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
Majority
Rules
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
Political Liberty
Basic freedoms in the formation
and expression of the popular
will & its translation into policy.
First
Amendment
Freedoms
4 Fundamental Principles of
Representative Democracy
Popular
Sovereignty
Equality
Political (Civil)
Liberties
Majority Rule
The Founders faith in the
viability of Representative
Democracy relied upon:
>A System of Checks and
Balances
>The Wisdom of a Well-
Informed Citizenry
>The Rule of Reason
The Founders faith in the
viability of Representative
Democracy relied upon:
>A System of Checks and
Balances
>The Wisdom of a Well-
Informed Citizenry
>The Rule of Reason
The Founders faith in the
viability of Representative
Democracy relied upon:
>A System of Checks and
Balances
>The Wisdom of a Well-
Informed Citizenry
>The Rule of Reason
The Jon
Stewart
Principle
High Quality Information
and Debate are
Essential to a
Functioning Democracy
The
Marketplace
of Ideas
The Founders faith in the
viability of Representative
Democracy relied upon:
>A System of Checks and
Balances
>The Wisdom of a Well-
Informed Citizenry
>The Rule of Reason
“Reason - cold, calculating,
unimpassioned reason - must furnish
all materials for our future support and
defence. Let those materials be
moulded into general intelligence,
sound morality, and in particular, a
reverence for the Constitution and
laws.”
Abraham Lincoln (1838)
“Faith in the power of reason - the belief
that citizens can govern themselves
wisely and fairly by resorting to logical
debate on the basis of the best
evidence available, instead of raw
power - was and remains the central
premise of American democracy. This
premise is now under assault.”
Al Gore, The Assault on Reason
Why has America’s public discourse
become less reasoned?
“The mental muscles of
democracy have begun
to atrophy.”
Al Gore, The Assault on
Reason
Problems
Scale / Population
Complexity of Issues
Are High Quality Info &
Debate Available?
Are people really rational
and competent?
Majority Tyranny?

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PS 101 Foundations of American Political Culture Fall 2013