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Nurturing Failure: Creating a risk-tolerant library culture that embraces change and innovation,[object Object],Chris Sweet,[object Object],csweet@iwu.edu,[object Object],Illinois Wesleyan University,[object Object],ACRL/LLAMA Spring Virtual Institute,[object Object],4/21/2010,[object Object]
Failure Video,[object Object],Also available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6hz_s2XIAU&feature=related   ,[object Object]
Now that we’re warmed up, let’s try a few more of these.,[object Object],Use the chat box to make your best guess as to who I am describing.  The first right answer gets 10,000 points! (no cash value!),[object Object]
Fired from the Grand Ole Opry after only one performance and told by the manager, “You ain’t goin’ nowhere, son.  Better get y’all job back drivin’ a truck.”,[object Object]
Got fired from a reporting job and was told, “You’re not fit for TV.”,[object Object],Her biography is entitled: “I Don’t Believe in Failure.”,[object Object]
As a young college graduate this writer was an unemployed single parent living on welfare in a rat-infested apartment.,[object Object],Her parents had hoped she would go to vocational school, instead she had studied classics.,[object Object],She  recently gave a Harvard commencement address entitled: The Fringe Benefits of Failure and the Importance of Imagination.,[object Object]
From JK Rowling’s commencement address:,[object Object], “You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable. It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default.”,[object Object],http://harvardmagazine.com/commencement/the-fringe-benefits-failure-the-importance-imagination,[object Object]
This scientist didn’t finish high school.  He then failed the entrance exams to the Swiss Polytechnic Institute.,[object Object]
 Presentation Overview,[object Object],My background and research in this area,[object Object],Concept of “Failing Forward”,[object Object],Looking for answers outside the library box,[object Object],Athletics & Sports Psychology,[object Object],Successful companies,[object Object],Management Strategies,[object Object],Videogame culture,[object Object],Many other possibilities ,[object Object],Nurturing Failure,[object Object],Safeguarding Success,[object Object],Failure & Libraries,[object Object]
Can we agree on a couple points?,[object Object],Libraries are changing rapidly,[object Object],Useful, productive change does not come easy,[object Object],Innovation is an essential elementof change,[object Object],In 2007 Toyota overtook GM in Global sales (we’ll get back to this),[object Object]
The win-at-all-costs mentality is ingrained in our culture (but not all cultures).,[object Object],Consider:,[object Object],Steroid use in Sports,[object Object],Insider Trading,[object Object],Student suicide rates,[object Object],Grade Inflation,[object Object],War?,[object Object]
Failing Forward,[object Object],“I think the whole concept of success and failure needs to be re-thought. We’re such a success-oriented culture, but I think what we need is more failure.  Improvements only happen when you try things differently.” ,[object Object],-Richard Farson, author of Whoever Makes the Most Mistakes Wins.,[object Object],“Relying on conventional, outmoded ideas about success and failure stands in the way of your ability to innovate, compete, and stay ahead of the curve in a changing economy.” (Farson).,[object Object]
We need to redefine success and failure.,[object Object],From 1926 to 1964 Babe Ruth held a lesser known record for most strikeouts (1,330).,[object Object],“Self-handicapping is described as an action or choice which prevents a person from being responsible for failure (Kolditz & Arkin, 1982).” http://www.psychwiki.com/wiki/Self-handicapping,[object Object],Self-handicapping is very prevalent in sports, but is also affects many other human endeavors.,[object Object],“I’ve missed more than nine thousand shots in my career.  I’ve lost almost 300 games.  Twenty-six times I’ve been trusted to take the winning shot and missed.  I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life.  And that is why I succeed.”  -Michael Jordan,[object Object]
Self-Handicapping in Action!,[object Object]
Industry Examples,[object Object],“The Toyota Way” guidelines are influenced by Buddhist principles.,[object Object],Manage as if you “have no power”.,[object Object],(taken from samurai teachings).,[object Object],“Toyota’s culture readily accepts that the greatest companies are also flawed companies that routinely make mistakes.  At Toyota, imperfections are not overlooked or avoided, but treated with reverence and attention and openly acknowledged as highly important”,[object Object],How Toyota Became #1,[object Object]
“…the culture at Ford”, said top executive Mark Fields, “has been one of equating a request for help with weakness.  Directives come down from on-high, and lower-level employees are simply expected to do their jobs, no questions asked.”,[object Object]
Is there an 800 lb Gorilla in the (chat) room?,[object Object],What about all those accelerator and braking problems?,[object Object],In 2003 Toyota recalled 79% fewer vehicles in the U.S. than Ford and 92% fewer than Chrysler. (Toyota Way, p.5)  So what happened???,[object Object],CEO Akio Toyoda:  “I would like to discuss what caused the recall issues we are facing now. Toyota has, for the past few years, been expanding its business rapidly. Quite frankly, I fear the pace at which we have grown may have been too quick. I would like to point out here that Toyota's priority has traditionally been the following: First; Safety, Second; Quality, and Third; Volume. These priorities became confused, and we were not able to stop, think, and make improvements as much as we were able to before …” http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/feb/24/akio-toyoda-statement-to-congress,[object Object]
Success Breeds Complacency,[object Object],GM’s manufacturing model worked well for so long, why change it?  Well………,[object Object],Success also inhibits innovation (we NEED innovation!),[object Object],We learn more from our mistakes than our successes.,[object Object]
Post-It note story!,[object Object],3M estimates that 60% of it’s formal product launches fail!,[object Object],11th Commandment: “Thou shalt not kill a new product idea”,[object Object],30% off all new products should not have existed in any form 4 years earlier!,[object Object],Carefully cultivated culture that is highly tolerant of risk and failure,[object Object]
Six Sigma vs 3M!,[object Object],Six Sigma- set of management techniques developed by Motorola to decrease production defects and increase efficiency (lean manufacturing).,[object Object],James McNerney comes from GE and implements 6 sigma at 3M in 2000,[object Object],Initial bottom line success traded for long-term sustainability that depended on innovation.,[object Object],R&D: “We all came to the conclusion that there was no way in the world that anything like the Post-It note would ever emerge from this new system.”,[object Object],Business Week Online 9/17/07,[object Object]
Six Sigma vs 3M!,[object Object],Lack of new ideas and inventions leads to a roll-back of Six Sigma principles.,[object Object],“We feel like we can dream again.”,[object Object]
Failure in Silicone Valley,[object Object],A failed start-up is a badge of honor and is often a positive resume item,[object Object],Apple,[object Object],“While part of the research and development team at Apple, David Levy was reprimanded by his boss for not making enough mistakes.  Levy’s boss said he wanted no less than 80% failure in ventures he attempted. Only then would he know that Levy was actually trying anything new” (Farson, 33).,[object Object],IBM,[object Object],“When a young executive at IBM once lost the company $30,000 on an experiment that did not come off, he expected to be fired.  But Thomas Watson, the company’s founder, had different ideas.  “Why should I fire you?” he asked.  “We’ve just spent $30,000 educating you.” Economist 10/25/03,[object Object],“The fastest way to succeed is to double your failure rate.”,[object Object],Microsoft,[object Object],“Bill Gates, who regularly tempts failure at Microsoft, likes to hire people who have made mistakes.  Says he: ‘It show that they take risks. The way people deal with things that go wrong is an indicator of how they deal with change.’” Fortune Magazine 5/1/95,[object Object]
New Coke,[object Object],New Coke replaced Coke Classic for 79 days in 1985!,[object Object],Public outcry quickly brings back Coke Classic.,[object Object],Sergio Zyman was in charge of marketing New Coke.  Even after this colossal failure, Coke brought Zyman back and made him director of marketing.  Roberto Goizueta, CEO at the time said, “We became uncompetitive by not being tolerant of mistakes.  The moment you let avoiding failure become your motivator, you’re down the path of inactivity.” Fortune, 5/1/95,[object Object],Chairman and CEO Neville Isdell at a more recent annual meeting:  “Innovation is vital. You will see some failures.  As we take more risks, this is something we must accept as part of the regeneration process.” Business Week 7/10/06,[object Object]
Gaming and Failure,[object Object]
What does gaming have to do with failure and leadership?,[object Object],“Attitudes toward success and failure are a fault line dividing generations.  These new workers realize –as a few thoughtful people always have- that pursuing success is like chasing the horizon, and that failure is an integral part of an interesting life.”,[object Object],Whoever Makes the Most Mistakes Wins,[object Object],“…video games create what the psychologist Eric Erickson has called a psychosocial moratorium-that is, a learning space in which the learner can take risks where real-world consequences are lowered.  After all, you can save the game and start back at the save point when you fail”,[object Object],What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Literacy and Learning,[object Object]
So What??,[object Object],Important implications for managing millenials (student workers, younger new hires),[object Object],It’s not only the gamers that have begun to internalize these ideas: active learning styles,[object Object],They see mistakes as a natural part of the process,[object Object],Gamers make good problem solvers(?),[object Object],They don’t like manuals and detailed procedures,[object Object],Learn new applications/software quickly,[object Object],Can be good innovators IF allowed some failures,[object Object]
So, how do I nurture failure?,[object Object],From: Failing Forward: Turning Mistakes into Stepping Stones for Success,[object Object],By: John Maxwell,[object Object]
Nurturing Failure,[object Object],Cultivate a risk and failure tolerant culture,[object Object],“A 1989 study of 114 interns and residents … found that almost half of the physicians-in-training neither informed nor discussed their most serious errors with their supervising doctors.”  Do It Right the First Time.  Gerard Nierenberg,[object Object],Encourage wild ideas during brainstorming sessions.,[object Object],Spend more time listening (“Manage as if you have no power”),[object Object],Think about evaluation timelines.  To encourage risk-taking and innovation some corporations use a 3 year review in addition to an annual review. ,[object Object]
Nurturing Failure,[object Object],Try new things (but don’t stop assessing),[object Object],Lighten up and have more fun in the library!  There’s a reason people ride scooters around Google’s offices!,[object Object],Openly acknowledge and examine failures to see what can be learned.,[object Object]
Nurturing Failure,[object Object],To encourage innovation practice “Zen Mind”.  Beginner’s mind is the open mind, the attitude that includes both doubt and possibility, the ability to see things always as fresh and new. ,[object Object],Hire a diverse staff and create diverse inter-departmental teams (including students) for important projects.,[object Object],Rochester study (anthropologist in the library) is a great example,[object Object]
You idiot, this is a recipe for chaos!How do you safeguard success while nurturing failure?Use chat box to toss out some ideas.,[object Object]
Safeguarding Success,[object Object],“Encouragement of failure doesn’t mean the abandonment of supervision, quality control, or respect for sound practices” (Farson),[object Object],Whatever new and innovative ideas you try, don’t stop assessing.  Give it a chance, but show me the data!,[object Object],Practice Enlightened Trial and Error: “A half-hearted, careless effort with lame results is inexcusable.  A deliberate, well-thought-out effort that didn’t succeed isn’t.  That type of failure is not only excusable, but desirable.” (Farson),[object Object]
Safeguarding Success,[object Object],Mistakes are acceptable, repeating them is not.,[object Object],All workplaces need innovators and worker bees.  Clearly identify who is who.,[object Object],Don’t start nurturing failure without buy-in from the higher-ups (if not buy-in, at least be sure they are thoroughly informed!),[object Object],Continue to require documented progress on projects.,[object Object]
Failure and Libraries,[object Object],Leigh Anne Vrabel on Library Alchemy Blog:,[object Object],“Failure,” in the context of library work, is an amusing intellectual concept because, even on our very worst days nobody dies (usually) and nothing gets set on fire (normally). ,[object Object],OMG I am such an idiot!   My boss is going to kill me.  Worse, before s/he kills me, s/he’s going to give me THAT LOOK, the one that makes me want to curl up and die of shame because it reminds me of the way my swimming teacher looked at me when I refused to jump off the high dive in 4th grade PE.  Maybe Boss will yell, or maybe s/he’ll give me the silent treatment, but either way, this blunder is going to go down in my PERMANENT LIBRARY RECORD, and I will never get another good assignment, promotion, or raise ever again.  I’ll stop getting invited to the GOOD meetings, the ones with DOUGHNUTS.  People will avoid me in the halls and stop talking whenever I walk into a room, and it will be because they were discussing ME and ALL THE WAYS IN WHICH I AM AN EPIC FAILURE.,[object Object],http://libraryalchemy.wordpress.com/2010/03/29/title-fail-insert-vampire-metaphor-here-library-failure-pt-i/,[object Object]
Failure and Libraries,[object Object],Meredith Farkas: “Information Wants to Be Free” Blog:,[object Object],“We should write about and celebrate our failures. We should brainstorm with others and figure out what we could have/should have done differently so that we’ll do better next time. When we’re embarrassed about our failures or sweep them under the rug, we’re depriving ourselves and others of a valuable learning experience.”,[object Object],http://meredith.wolfwater.com/wordpress/2007/12/16/sharing-the-bad-stuff-learning-from-failures/,[object Object]
Is the idea of nurturing failure idealistic?,[object Object],Use chat box to answer.,[object Object],On the contrary, I think it is incredibly realistic.,[object Object],We all make mistakes.  No one succeeds 100% of the time.,[object Object],Isn’t the idea of 100% success, win at all costs idealistic (and blatantly impractical)?,[object Object]
Nurturing Failure: creating a risk-tolerant library culture that embraces change and innovation
Questions?,[object Object],Chris Sweet,[object Object],csweet@iwu.edu,[object Object]

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Nurturing Failure: creating a risk-tolerant library culture that embraces change and innovation

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