1. Update on information use in
Indigenous Populations
https://sites.google.com/site/crauchlethesis/documents/MDCD2012presentation%20outline.pptx?attredirects=0&d=1
Student: Christopher Rauchle
Supervisor: Stephen Cassidy
Snum: 41958209
Slide 1 of 15

2. Population –Indigenous differences
The Indigenous population may be back
to Pre-Colonial levels within the next
30 years.
Year Population
With the new data from 2011 this looks
more like in the next 50 years so what 1920-30 (1) ~65,000
gives?
1991 351,000
Optimistic projections for 2011 data are 2006 517,000
575K pop. but there are around 5% (over
1M) who did not attribute their 2011 (6) 548,370
Indigenous/Non-Indigenous status on the
last census and ABS make a more 2021 (2) ~715,000
accurate survey every six years (2014
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait
2040 (3) 1,000,000
Islander Social Survey(10))
Slide 2 of 18

3. Population –Indigenous Pop to 2021
And something distinctive is
happening to the
Indigenous population
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4. The Non-Indigenous Population
That is different to the
Non-Indigenous
Population
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5. Population –Indigenous differences
The Indigenous population may be
back to Pre-Colonial levels within
the next 50 years.
Indigenous people have a
demography that closely
resembles a developing
country population pyramid
while the non-Indigenous
population resembles the rest
of the Western world.
(5)
Slide 5 of 18

6. Population –Indigenous differences
Indigenous people have a demography
that closely resembles a developing
country population pyramid
“Younger people were more likely to engage in social
This emerging population is exactly networking than those in older age groups. The
average age of social networkers was 35 years,
the sort that uses social media to whilst those who didn’t use social networking
share information sites had an average age of 53 years.”
ABS Online @ Home study 2011
Regardless of whether it’s
facebook, twitter, G+ or
something else it will be SOCIAL
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7. 2011 Indigenous Households
Indigenous Number of
Households Households
Dial Up 5,552
Other 14,205
No connection 65,668
Broadband 111,588
‘Other’ includes mobile
broadband and is almost
twice as high in Indigenous
households, perhaps due
to those households being
in areas that cannot
connect to broadband
(40Km from a main road)
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8. NIHH are still on average more
broadband connected
Non-Indigenous Number of
Households Households
Dial Up 229,850
Other 288,839
No Connection 1,459,444
Broadband 5,312,921
Percentage of Dial Up
users the same in
Indigenous and Non-
Indigenous Households
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9. Difference in Indigenous Internet use
since 2006 census
When that internet
connection is reliable and
ubiquitous the gap more
than halves(4)
The difference between the 2006 figures
and 2011 figures:
Table 1. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2006)
• Difference between Internet
connections in Sydney in Indigenous
and Non-Indigenous households has
Households Households
been cut in half from 15% to 7% with Other with
Other
Households Gap
Indigenous households Indigenous
%
• Difference between Indigenous and Persons Persons %
Non-Indigenous households in all of
Australia has dropped from 21% to Internet connetions in
18,502 1,196,403 73% 80% 7%
14%. Sydney
Internet connections in
Australia 131,345 5,831,606 63% 77% 14%
GAP 10% 3%
Table 2. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2011)
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10. Internet use is rising as a function of cheaper
computing and flat telecoms costs
While other costs have risen in the last
twenty years. The cost of computing
equipment has dropped exponentially
while communications costs have
hardly risen.
Although lower than non-Indigenous
households, Indigenous households
still have comparable internet
penetration.
Broadband in particular is beginning to
be a free good and may not be
chargeable in the future
Slide 10 of 18

11. Population questions – Internet Use
Future Concept
Indigenous Internet use is moving
Egyptian
beyond charity and government Spring Wifi
controlled programs to BYOD Routers
The rise of smartphones and
cheap mobile plans is making
access to expensive devices for
Merkai
using media less of an issue Free Community
Wifi
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12. Population questions – Internet Use
Future Reality
Indigenous Internet use is moving Ubiquitous
beyond charity and government internet access
controlled programs to BYOD
The rise of smartphones and
cheap mobile plans is making
access to expensive devices for Rise of the
Smartphone
using media less of an issue
iPads in schools
Laptops in
schools
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13. Summary
• Differences between the types of internet in households in
Indigenous and Non-Indigenous communities is diminishing
• The indigenous population continues to increase though
perhaps not in line with the most optimistic projections
• The cost of access to the internet continues to drop such
that there should be no cost barrier to access to social
media in the next census
• The NBN may erode the last mile disadvantage for those in
remote communities that are more than 40km from a
highway
• It seems there will be no further development of some of the
technologies that are a key part of my research into digital
rights management – MPEG7 and MPEG21
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14. Stream control wins in the end and
MPEG ‘declares victory’
MPEG industry forum ceases development
on media codecs with H.264 now the
defacto standard in the industry…future
development is over to the Open IP TV
Forum(7) ABC stops development of Android App
because, in the absence of Flash, there is no
way to DRM the stream to prevent copying as
they do with Apple Fairplay (8)
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15. YouTube Face blurring tool
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16. Censoring videos for public
consumption out of your area
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17. Censorship to control dissent but video still has a
‘man in the middle’ problem
"Nothing with vulgar or violent materials will pass," said
the woman, who did not give her name because she
said she was not authorized to speak on the record.
"Political speech? If it is anti-party and anti-society, it
definitely will not pass. No website will allow such
content.“ (9)
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18. Conclusion
• Evolution of the demographics and the access
method for the internet in Indigenous communities
presents opportunities for new social media platforms
to erode facebook and twitter’s first mover advantage
• Existing technologies will be the platform of choice
with a strong bias to continuous network connection
rather than a set of media repositories loosely
connected by a sometimes-on connection
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19. References
(1) Korf, Jens, Aboriginal timeline (1900 – 1969), http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/aboriginal-history-timeline-early-20th.html
(2) 32380_1991 to 2021 - Experimental Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/3238.0
(3) N. Biddle and J. Taylor, Indigenous Population Projections, 2006–2031: Planning for Growth, 1996
(4) A History of Aboriginal Sydney…digitally delivering the past to the present http://dev.information-
online.com.au/sb_clients/iog/data/content_item_files/000001/paper_2011_B1.pdf
(5) Closing the gap, 2011 , Prime Minister’s report http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/pubs/closing_the_gap/2011_ctg_pm_report/Pages/default.aspx
(6) 2011CensusI01A table – Australian Census Datapack
(7) MPEG forum declares victory
(8) Why there will never be an Android iView
(9) China wants to censor online video content
(10)
(11) Skin groups in Arrente communities