Recycling of waste into a secondary product seems to cause problems in the the life cycle assessment. This presentation is trying to visualise the flows, boundaries and principles of calculation as defined on the CEN-standard text in EN15804 and EN15978 (assessment for environmental performance assessment of respectively construction products and buildings)

1. Recycling:
bridging to another life cycle
Ir. Chris Hamans
The Netherlands

2. CPR : European regulation 305/2011
2

3. BRCW 7 : SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
The construction works must be designed, built and demolished in such a
way that the use of natural resources is sustainable and ensure the
following:
• (a) recyclability of the construction works, their materials and parts
after demolition;
• (b) durability of the construction works;
• (c) use of environmentally compatible raw and secondary materials
in the construction works.
3

4. Sustainability
sustainability
ENV SOC ECON
Technical design
Functional design
• Without meeting the functional needs there is no sustainability
• Without meeting the technical needs there is no sustainability
4

5. recyclability
• BRCW#7a: recyclability of the construction works, their materials and
parts after demolition;
• Recycling of functions?
• Recycling of technical performance?
• Bringing back into the same or another product life cycle
• Recycling is bridging 2 or more product life cycles
5

6. Product 1
6

7. EoL
Product 1 waste
Waste Framework Directive ; 2008/98/EU
WFD : product or waste
7
EoL = End of Life

8. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
8
cradle gate

9. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
9
cradle gate
Only at the gate we start to have a PRODUCT.

10. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
10
cradle gate
Only at the gate we start to have a PRODUCT.
CE-marked construction products declare their
performance on essential product characteristics
in a DoP = Declaration of Performance
acc. Regulation 305/2011

11. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
11
cradle gate
Only at the gate we start to have a PRODUCT.
CE-marked construction products declare their
performance on essential product characteristics
in a DoP = Declaration of Performance
acc. Regulation 305/2011
Use starts here

12. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
T
T = Transport from factory gate to building site
12
cradle gate
Use starts here

13. Product 1 waste
production
EoL
T C
C = Construction – Installation process
13
cradle gate
Use starts here

14. EoL
Product 1 waste
production use after use
service life
before useT C
14
cradle grave

15. EoL
Product 1 waste
production use after use
before useT C life cycle stages
service life
(there are only 3 life cycle stages)
15
cradle grave

16. EoL
Product 1 waste
production use after use
before useT C life cycle stages
service life
(there are only 3 life cycle stages)
16
cradle grave
production T C

17. EoL
Product 1 waste
before use
production
use after use
A1 A2 A3
T C
life cycle stages
information modules
17
cradle gate

18. EoL
Product 1 waste
use after use
A1-3
life cycle stages
information modules
18
cradle gate
A1-3 = the production proces;
declared as an aggregated result
before use

19. EoL
Product 1 waste
T C life cycle stages
production use after use
before use
A1-3 A4 A5
information modules
A4 = Transport from factory gate to building site
A5 = Construction – Installation process
19
cradle gate

20. EoL
Product 1 waste
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
A1-3
T C
information modules
B1 = use
B2 = maintenance
B3 = repair
B4 = replacement
B5 = refurbishment
B6 = operating energy use
B7 = operating water use
20
before use

21. EoL
Product 1 waste
T C life cycle stages
production use after use
service life
A1-3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
C1 C2 C3 C4
B6
B7
information modules
C1 = deconstruction-demolition
C2 = transport
C3 = waste treatment
C4 = disposal
21
before use

22. EoL
Product 1 waste
before use use after use
life cycle stages
service life
A1-3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
C1 C2 C3 C4
B6
B7
life cycle product 1
(there are only 3 life cycle stages)
information modules
22

23. EoL
Product 1 waste
before use use after use
life cycle stages
service life
A1-3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
C1 C2 C3 C4
B6
B7
life cycle product 1
information modules
C1 = deconstruction-demolition
C2 = transport
C3 = waste treatment
C4 = disposal
23

24. EoL
Product 1 waste
before useT life cycle stages
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
C4
A1-3 C3
life cycle product 1
disposal reduction
24

25. EoL
Product 1 waste
before useT C life cycle stages
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
C4
C3
recycling
A1-3
life cycle product 1
25

26. EoL
EoW
Product 1 waste
T C life cycle stages
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
A1-3
C4
A1-3 C3
life cycle product 1
End of Waste
26
recycling
recycling implies being applied in
another product life
before use

27. EoL
EoW
Product 1 waste
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
A1-3
C4
C3
recycling implies being applied in
another product life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
A1-3
life cycle product 1
C1 C2 C3 C4
T C
End of Waste
27
recycling Product 2
before use

28. EoL
EoW
Product 1 waste
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
A1-3
C4
C3
recycling implies being applied in
another product life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
recycling
A1-3
life cycle product 1
C1 C2 C3 C4
life cycle product 2
T C
End of Waste
28
Product 2
before use

29. 29
product
before use use after use
Life cycle product 1
life cycle product Life cycle product 2

30. 30
product
before use use after use
Life cycle product 1
life cycle product 1
life cycle product recycling
Life cycle product 2

31. 31
materials
products
energy
IN:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
emissions
production proces
before use use after use
waste
emissions
product
A4 A5 B1
B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
waste
A1-3
emissions
end of life
C1 C2 C3 C4
waste

32. 32
materials
products
energy
IN:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
emissions
production proces
waste
emissions
product
A4 A5 B1
B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
waste
A1-3
emissions
end of life
C1 C2 C3 C4
waste

33. 33
materials
products
energy
IN:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
emissions
production proces
waste
emissions
product
A4 A5 B1
B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
waste
A1-3
emissions
end of life
C1 C2 C3 C4
waste
OUT:
secondary materials
secondary fuels

34. 34
materials
products
energy
IN:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
emissions
production proces
before use use after use
waste
emissions
product
A4 A5 B1
B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
waste
A1-3
emissions
end of life
C1 C2 C3 C4
waste
OUT:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
Life cycle product 2

35. 35
materials
products
energy
IN:
secondary materials
secondary fuels
emissions
production proces
before use use after use
waste
emissions
product
A4 A5 B1
B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
waste
A1-3
emissions
end of life
C1 C2 C3 C4
waste
Information module D:
impact (benefits & loads) of
minus
OUT IN
until point of substitution substituting
OUT:
secondary materials
secondary fuels

36. EoL
EoW
Product 1 waste
production use after use
service life
A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
C1 C2
A1-3
C4
C3
Product 2
A1-3
life cycle product 1
life cycle product 2
T C
End of Waste
D information module D
net benefits and - loads from
substitution of natural resources by
secondary resources from Product 1
in Product 2
OUT minus IN
second. res.
36
before use

37. More info ?
Contact:
Chris Hamans
esc@hamans.com
http://www.hamans.com
37