Documenting Social Movements in Real Time
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This document discusses the Documenting the Now project, which aims to archive social media data from the Ferguson protests in 2014. The project is a collaboration between several institutions, funded by the Mellon Foundation. It seeks to create an open-source application called DocNow to collect tweets and related web content about the protests. This data will be used to build a comprehensive set of information for research purposes, while addressing ethical concerns. The project team includes developers and scholars who will provide input. Libraries and archives now play a role in collecting history from social media as it unfolds.
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Documenting Social Movements in Real Time
- 1. DOCUMENTING THE NOW CHRIS FREELAND ASSOCIATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN Supporting Scholarly Use & Preservation of Social Media Content
- 2. COLLECTING HISTORY AS IT HAPPENS Twitter was a primary source of information about the protests in and in the name of Ferguson. How can organizations archive Twitter data along with other collections to make a comprehensive data set available for research in ways that are ethically sound & in compliance with the Twitter Terms of Service? #Ferguson
- 3. ABOUT THE PROJECT Collaborative project between: • 2 year project, funded by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation • Feb 1, 2016 – Jan 31, 2018 • $517,000 • Funding project coordinator, application development, subawards to collaborators, Advisory Board
- 4. BUILDING OFF EXISTING FERGUSON EFFORTS Documenting Ferguson Ferguson Collecting Initiative Joel Levy, “Ferguson, Night 3, photo 4,” WUSTL Digital Gateway Image Collections & Exhibitions, accessed August 12, 2015, http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/8669.
- 5. DOCUMENTING THE NOW PROJECT GOALS 1. Create the DocNow application • Cloud-ready, open-source application for collecting tweets, associated Web content, & • Create data visualizations & data exports 2. Create a Ferguson social media data set for research & preservation • Use Tweets and related data (Documenting Ferguson, oral histories) to create a data set research questions about Ferguson protests 3. Produce a white paper • Address ethical, copyright & access issues for collection, preservation & dissemination of 4. Convene an Advisory Board • Scholars, activists & technologists who can help shape application 5. Build a community of users & advocates around DocNow • Identify other scholars interested in using DocNow for their own research
- 7. ROLE OF LIBRARIES & ARCHIVES IN COLLECTING HISTORY AS IT HAPPENS Mark Regester, “Protester holding a sign,” WUSTL Digital Gateway Image Collections & Exhibitions, accessed March 5, 2016. http://documentingferguson.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/8266
- 8. CURATING VS COLLECTING Traditional Appraisal: • Includes research and input from different individuals • an evaluation of the collection content within the framework of a collection development policy • an assessment of the content for research use • an assessment of originality and authenticity • ownership transfers to archive Collecting at scale: • No selection • No assessment of content • No quality control • Contributor / author retains rights • Contextual curation via research projects Mark Regester, “Woman with Obama sign Greater Grace Church,” WUSTL Digital Gateway Image Collections & Exhibitions, accessed August 12, 2015, http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/8280. Courtesy Sonya Rooney, University Archivist, WUSTL Libraries
- 9. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARCHIVING TWITTER DATA Twitter was heavily used during protests Public Central gathering point for other social media channels • Publish a photo on Instagram or Vine & Share on Twitter But what about: • Identifying / Incriminating photos • Honoring intent • If we’ve captured a Tweet that someone has deleted, do we • Do nothing, and keep it in full in the archive? • Mark it as deleted, but still make it available for research use? • Delete it from our archive? White paper will address these issues and more…
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Twitter was a primary source of information about Michael Brown’s death and the resulting protests in Ferguson and other areas of St. Louis. Twitter was used to communicate & organize. Reporting was happening in real-time on the ground. The response was immediate, public, and international. An issue for those of us in the research community is that Twitter only makes 7 days worth of data available via its API. The research question for our project is..
- My Co-Pis and I all have experience in preserving social media or working with Ferguson-related efforts. I bring to the table our Documenting Ferguson project and our local work with and within the Ferguson community. Community archive of digital media contributed by people at or involved in protests, currently with 1,500 first-hand images & videos Bergis Jules is the University Archivist at UCR & the Community Outreach Lead for the project Bergis has written extensively about Ferguson and the role of libraries & archives in preserving social media content Ed Summers is the Lead Developer at MITH & is the Tech Lead for our project. Ed has worked extensively with preserving social media data in his previous role working on the Twitter Archive at Library of Congress. He also started a process that gathered 13million tweets in the two weeks following Michael Brown’s death. That work inspired this project. Project Coordinator Desiree Jones-Smith Development Team Francis Kayiwa Alexandra Dolan-Mescal Dan Chudnov
- So, why libraries? Libraries and archives have always collected materials in order to preserve them and make them available for research. The format shift from analog to born digital, like this digital image from Documenting Ferguson or this tweet about Ferguson, poses new challenges in preserving and maintaining persistent access to research materials. Libraries have long collected ephemera, like the posters & signs used in protests, but the move to digital ephemera is relatively new
- In closing, I’d like to address a final question we’ve received in the early startup of the project, which is “Why is this project important?” Multiple levels: Locally Builds on & extends our existing Ferguson efforts Broadly, to the Profession New practices for archiving social media for research use Demonstrates the valuable role the Libraries play in stewarding new research technologies & infrastructures, and continues our work in the Ferguson community. These short-form messages document an important & ultimately tragic moment in American history. Twitter, by its nature, is ephemeral & ever-changing. There is a very real risk that this history could vanish should Twitter change its business model or access policies. Our project is working to safeguard that record and to make it available for research & reflection.