1. By Cristina Higuera Fernández

2. Summary
 The definition of lie
 Types
 Why people lie?
 How can we detect lies?
 Signs of Deception
 Eye Movement
 Micro Expressions
 Short video
 Questions

3. Definition
 A false statement deliberately presented as being
true; a falsehood.
 To present a false information with the intention
of deceiving.

4. Types
San Agustin , a famous philosopher, has classified
the lies on the following way:
 Lies that harm your feelings and also they don´t
help you
 Lies that help but they harm your feelings
 persons who like to lie
 Lies that are not harmful and they also protect

5. Why people lie?
People lie for different reasons , for
example:
 To protect themselves
 Lie for a job
 When you want to have something
 To look ¨cool¨
 Another type

6. How can we detect lies?
 The following deception detection techniques are
used by police, forensic psychologists, security
experts.
 Signs of Deception
 Eye Movement
 Micro Expressions

7. Signs of Deception
 Body Language of Lies
 Emotional Gestures & Contradiction
 Interactions and Reactions
 Verbal Context and Content
 Other signs of a lie
 Final Notes

8. Body Language of Lies
 Physical expression will be limited and stiff, with
few arm and hand movements. Hand, arm and
leg movement are toward their own body the liar
takes up less space.

9.  A person who is lying to you will avoid making
eye contact.
 Hands touching their face, throat & mouth.
Touching or scratching the nose or behind their
ear. Not likely to touch his or her chest/heart with
an open hand.

10. Emotional Gestures & Contradiction
 Gestures/expressions don’t match the verbal
statement, such as frowning when saying “I love
you.”

11. Interactions and Reactions
 A guilty person gets defensive. An innocent
person will often go on the offensive.

12.  A liar is uncomfortable facing his
questioner/accuser and may turn his head or
body away.
 A liar might unconsciously place objects
(book, coffee cup, etc.) between themselves and
you.

13. Verbal Context and Content
 A liar will use your words to make answer a
question. When asked, “Did you eat the last
cookie?” The liar answers, “No, I did not eat the
last cookie.”
 A statement with a contraction is more likely to
be truthful: “I didn't do it” instead of “I did not
do it”

14.  The use of distancing language.

15. Other signs of a lie
 If you believe someone is lying, then change
subject of a conversation quickly. The guilty wants
the subject changed; an innocent person may be
confused by the sudden change in topics and will
want to back to the previous subject.

16. Final Notes
 Obviously, just because someone exhibits one or
more of these signs does not make them a liar.
The above behaviors should be compared to a
person’s base (normal) behavior whenever
possible.

17. Eye Movement and Direction & How it Can
Reveal Truth or Lies
•Visual Accessing Cues
•How this information is used to detect lies

18. Up and to the Left
Indicates: Visually Constructed Images (Vc)
If you asked someone to "Imagine a purple
buffalo", this would be the direction their eyes
moved in while thinking about the question as
they "Visually Constructed" a purple buffalo in
their mind.

19. Up and to the Right
 Indicates: Visually Remembered Images (Vr)
If you asked someone to "What color was the first
house you lived in?", this would be the direction
their eyes moved in while thinking about the
question as they "Visually Remembered" the color
of their childhood home.

20. To the Left
 Indicates: Auditory Constructed (Ac)
If you asked someone to "Try and create the
highest the sound of the pitch possible in your
head", this would be the direction their eyes
moved in while thinking about the question as
they "Auditory Constructed" this sound that they
have never heard of.

21. To the Right
 Indicates: Auditory Remembered (Ar)
If you asked someone to "Remember what their
mother's voice sounds like ", this would be the
direction their eyes moved in while thinking about
the question as they "Auditory Remembered " this
sound.

22. Down and to the Left
 Indicates: Feeling / Kinesthetic (F)
If you asked someone to "Can you remember the
smell of a campfire? ", this would be the direction
their eyes moved in while thinking about the
question as they used recalled a smell, feeling, or
taste.

23. Down and To the Right
 Indicates: Internal Dialog (Ai)
This is the direction of someone eyes as they "talk
to themselves".

24. How this information is used to detect
lies
 Example: Let's say your child asks you for a
cookie, and you ask: "Well, what did your mother
say?" As they reply "Mom said... yes.", they look
to the left. This would indicate a made up answer
as their eyes are showing a "constructed image or
sound. Looking to the right would indicated a
"remembered" voice or image, and this would be
telling the truth.

25. Micro Expressions
 What are micro expressions?
 The main points

26. What are Micro Expressions?
 A micro expression is a momentary involuntary
facial expression -- that people unconsciously
display when they are hiding an emotion. They
are quick & intense expressions of concealed
emotion.

27. The main points
 Brief - Micro-expressions can appear then
disappear off the face in a fraction of a second.
 Involuntary - A micro-expression is caused by
involuntary movements in facial muscles.

28. Forced or
¨polite¨smile. Only
muscles directly
around the mouth are
involved.
Natural Smile.
Many facial muscles
group move
involuntary. The
forehead muscles
will ¨push
down¨, cheeks and
jaw move, and nose
may wrinkle.
The easiest way to spot a real smile
is to look at the eyes. In natural
smile the eyes become
¨squished¨and may cause ¨crows
feet¨.

30. Micro-Expressions and Lying
 Micro Expressions betray us when we lie. We can
try to cover our feelings with fake smiles, but
involuntary face muscles reveal this hidden
emotions.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXm6YbXxSYk

31. Questions
1. If you asked someone Can you remember the
taste of your mom´s cake? Which would be the
direction their eyes move?
a)Up and to the right
b)Down and to the left
c) Left
d) Right

32. 2. Which of the following politics are lying?
a) Number 2 and 5
b) Number 5 , 6 and 1
c) Number 3 , 4 and 6
d) Number 2, 1 and 4

33. 3. Your mom ask you to clean up your room and
you tell her that You will. Your mom asked you if
you cleaned up your room and you say Yes I did it
while your are moving your eyes to the left. Are
you lying?
a) Yes
b) No