1. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
DIMENSIONS OF
TOURIST LOYALTY
— CONTEXTUAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Suh-hee Choi
Tracy (Ying) Lu
Liping A. Cai
Purdue Tourism and Hospitality Research Center www.purdue.edu/tourism
3. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
LoyaltyAttitudinal Behavioral
Brand loyalty involves a deep commitment of repurchase and
favor towards the brand without oscillation (Oliver, 1999).
4. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
LoyaltyAttitudinal Behavioral
?
in Tourism
5. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
http://hubpages.com/hub/Family-Weekend-Getaway
http://bassonline.com/wp/2009/06/10/fantastic-father-and-son-orlando-fishing-trip
6. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
http://yfrog.com/76maldives009j
8. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
in Tourism
9. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
in Tourism
10. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Behavioral and attitudinal Loyalty
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
11. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Behavioral
Intentions?
Commitment/
Trust?
expression of
visiting again
12. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Behavioral
Intentions?
expression of
visiting again
13. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Commitment/
Trust?
Perceived
Quality?
Attitudinal Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
14. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Commitment/
Trust?
Behavioral
Intentions?
Perceived
Quality?
Attitudinal Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Loyalty
15. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Behavioral Loyalty
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Behavioral
Intentions
Real
Behavior
16. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Behavioral Loyalty
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Behavioral
Intentions
Real
Behavior
17. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Commitment/
Trust?
Behavioral
Intentions?
Perceived
Quality?
Behavioral Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
Loyalty
18. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Behavioral and attitudinal Loyalty
Cognitive
Loyalty
Affective
Loyalty
Conative
Loyalty
Action
Loyalty
Attitudinal
Loyalty
Behavioral
Loyalty
19. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Loyalty
Attitudinal Behavioral
20. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
in Tourism
21. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
DECONSTRUCTING LOYALTY
Loyalty
Attitudinal Behavioral Attitudinal Behavioral
in Tourism
Proposition 1: The correlation between behavioral and attitudinal
loyalty in tourism is lower than that in the generic product purchase
situation.
Loyalty
Kozak and Rimington (2000)
22. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Proposition 2: In long-haul travel, the correlation between behavioral
and attitudinal loyalty is lower than that in short-haul travel.
Attitudinal Behavioral
Loyalty
in
Tourism
e.g., Types of Travel
External Factors
DECONSTRUCTING LOYALTY
23. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
Novelty-Seeking Traits
Personal Factors
Loyalty
in
Tourism
Proposition 3: The correlation between behavioral and attitudinal
loyalty in tourism is lower among the people with high levels of novelty-
seeking traits.
DECONSTRUCTING LOYALTY
24. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
Risk-Aversion
Personal Factors
Loyalty
in
Tourism
Proposition 4: The correlation between behavioral and attitudinal
loyalty in tourism is higher among the risk-aversion segments.
DECONSTRUCTING LOYALTY
Oppermann (1998)
25. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
Attitudinal Behavioral
e.g., Types of Travel
External Factors
e.g., Lifestyle
Personal Factors
Loyalty
in
Tourism
DECONSTRUCTING LOYALTY
26. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
CONCLUSION
• Delineation of the dimensions of loyalty
• Different relationships between attitudinal
and behavioral loyalty
27. PURDUE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
RESEARCH CENTER
IMPLICATION
• Importance of attitudinal / behavioral
loyalty
• Future studies