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Introduction into Actor Network Theory from Bruno Latour

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Stefan Kasberger
Stefan Kasberger

Basic introduction into Actor Network Theory from Bruno Latour. Event: Course VU Technical English in Human Geography.

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Introduction into Actor Network Theory Stefan Kasberger @stefankasberger VU Technical English in Human Geography 10th of June 2013 For more license details look here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/at/
Bruno Latour ● French sociologist and philosopher ● Science & Technology Studies (STS) ● Creator of ANT ● School of post-structuralism ● www.bruno-latour.fr Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
„Social constructionism explores the ways how social reality and single phenomenons are constructed. ...how people create social phenomena, institutionalize it and propagate it to new generations through traditions.“ – Wikipedia ● Post-structuralism: language isn't only describing reality, it is creating reality ● Use in Gender Studies & Cultural Studies ● ANT brings this into Social Science Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Social constructionism
Actor Network Theory ● More method or practice ● Since the 80s ● Qualitative ● Used to explain scientific and technological innovation, now used in other fields too ● Use of human vocabulary for technical and natural phenomena => neutral language ● Focus on observations, tries to ignore preexisting (constructed) knowledge at the beginning Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
„Explanans“ and „Explananda“ Explanans: (L) Every time, when a fiber with the strength r is stressed with the weight K, the fiber tears. (C1) This is a fiber with the strength r. (C2) The attached weight is minimum K. Explananda: (E) The fiber tears. – Example by Karl Popper from WIkipedia Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Diversity and Integrity „One argument is, that social innovation are forms of connections between heterogeneous networks. The other, that human society, nature and technology are admixed in a way, that it is not possible to understand one side without the other in any social studies.“ – Ingo Schulz-Schaeffer, 2000: 208 Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Explaining through networks Why? → Activity- and structure-oriented observations How? → Combination of two perspectives: 1: the observer follows the actants, to find out how they define and connect different things to explain the world. 2: the observer follows the translations, through which the actants are defined → change steadily between those two perspectives Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Symmetry Ideas of asymmetry: ● Object / Subject ● Society and Technology ● Society and Nature → Determinism ANT tries symmetry ● of actants (actors): no presupposed characteristics of actants - social, natural or technological ● of vocabulary: use of human vocabulary for technical and natural things → neutral language Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Case study Problem of keeping doors closed 1)No door closer 2)Doorman 3)Automatic door closer 4)Add hydraulic ram 5)Sensor controlled “Those door closers play the role of a very coarse, illiterate and relatively dull doorman“ (Latour 1996a: 68) Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Critics ● Also in ANT there is social construction ● Real problems are hard ● „Everything is connected with everything somehow“ → sociotheoretical holism is as true in his universality as it is uninteresting Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
ANT in Graz ● KF Graz: Ulrich Ermann ● FH Joanneum: Heinz Wittenbrink ● No course in UGO Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Read more... ● www.bruno-latour.fr ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187-211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.p df ● Wikipedia Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
Thank You! Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 https://github.com/skasberger/technical-english-in-human-geography For more license details look here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/at/ Try to look at a the whole interconnected world, rethink and overcome the social artifacts and be aware of your human preconditions as far as you can.
Sources Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Genral Sources: ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187- 211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.pdf ● Wikipedia de & en Slide 2: Photo Bruno Latour ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bruno_Latour_Gothenburg_2006_cropped.jpg ● Author: Toter Alter Mann ● License: CC BY-SA Generic 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en Slide 3: Quote Social Constructionism ● Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialkonstruktivismus ● Author: Wikipedia ● Date: 2013-06-09 Slide 4: Image Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThe_Globe_kittens_%28HS85-10-13446-3%29.jpg ● License: Public Domain Slide 5: Photo Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fighting_kittens-1340.jpg ● Author: Jhartenfeld ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Sources Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Slide 5: Explanans and Explananda Example ● Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deduktiv-nomologisches_Modell ● Author: Wikipedia ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ● Date: 2013-06-05 Slide 6: Quote Networks ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187- 211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.pdf Slide 8: Image Cats ● Source: http://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Three_jolly_kittens.png ● License: Public Domain Slide 9: Quote Bruno Latour ● Latour 1996a: 68 Slide 11: Photo KF University Graz Library ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graz_University-Library_reading-room.jpg ● Author: Dr. Marcus Gossler ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Slide 13: Photo Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4_Kittens.jpg ● Author: oxyman ● License: CC BY 2.0 Generic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en

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Introduction into Actor Network Theory from Bruno Latour

  • 1. Introduction into Actor Network Theory Stefan Kasberger @stefankasberger VU Technical English in Human Geography 10th of June 2013 For more license details look here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/at/
  • 2. Bruno Latour ● French sociologist and philosopher ● Science & Technology Studies (STS) ● Creator of ANT ● School of post-structuralism ● www.bruno-latour.fr Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 3. „Social constructionism explores the ways how social reality and single phenomenons are constructed. ...how people create social phenomena, institutionalize it and propagate it to new generations through traditions.“ – Wikipedia ● Post-structuralism: language isn't only describing reality, it is creating reality ● Use in Gender Studies & Cultural Studies ● ANT brings this into Social Science Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Social constructionism
  • 4. Actor Network Theory ● More method or practice ● Since the 80s ● Qualitative ● Used to explain scientific and technological innovation, now used in other fields too ● Use of human vocabulary for technical and natural phenomena => neutral language ● Focus on observations, tries to ignore preexisting (constructed) knowledge at the beginning Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 5. „Explanans“ and „Explananda“ Explanans: (L) Every time, when a fiber with the strength r is stressed with the weight K, the fiber tears. (C1) This is a fiber with the strength r. (C2) The attached weight is minimum K. Explananda: (E) The fiber tears. – Example by Karl Popper from WIkipedia Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 6. Diversity and Integrity „One argument is, that social innovation are forms of connections between heterogeneous networks. The other, that human society, nature and technology are admixed in a way, that it is not possible to understand one side without the other in any social studies.“ – Ingo Schulz-Schaeffer, 2000: 208 Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 7. Explaining through networks Why? → Activity- and structure-oriented observations How? → Combination of two perspectives: 1: the observer follows the actants, to find out how they define and connect different things to explain the world. 2: the observer follows the translations, through which the actants are defined → change steadily between those two perspectives Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 8. Symmetry Ideas of asymmetry: ● Object / Subject ● Society and Technology ● Society and Nature → Determinism ANT tries symmetry ● of actants (actors): no presupposed characteristics of actants - social, natural or technological ● of vocabulary: use of human vocabulary for technical and natural things → neutral language Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 9. Case study Problem of keeping doors closed 1)No door closer 2)Doorman 3)Automatic door closer 4)Add hydraulic ram 5)Sensor controlled “Those door closers play the role of a very coarse, illiterate and relatively dull doorman“ (Latour 1996a: 68) Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 10. Critics ● Also in ANT there is social construction ● Real problems are hard ● „Everything is connected with everything somehow“ → sociotheoretical holism is as true in his universality as it is uninteresting Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 11. ANT in Graz ● KF Graz: Ulrich Ermann ● FH Joanneum: Heinz Wittenbrink ● No course in UGO Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 12. Read more... ● www.bruno-latour.fr ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187-211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.p df ● Wikipedia Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013
  • 13. Thank You! Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 https://github.com/skasberger/technical-english-in-human-geography For more license details look here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/at/ Try to look at a the whole interconnected world, rethink and overcome the social artifacts and be aware of your human preconditions as far as you can.
  • 14. Sources Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Genral Sources: ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187- 211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.pdf ● Wikipedia de & en Slide 2: Photo Bruno Latour ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bruno_Latour_Gothenburg_2006_cropped.jpg ● Author: Toter Alter Mann ● License: CC BY-SA Generic 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en Slide 3: Quote Social Constructionism ● Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialkonstruktivismus ● Author: Wikipedia ● Date: 2013-06-09 Slide 4: Image Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThe_Globe_kittens_%28HS85-10-13446-3%29.jpg ● License: Public Domain Slide 5: Photo Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fighting_kittens-1340.jpg ● Author: Jhartenfeld ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
  • 15. Sources Introduction into Actor Network Theory 10th of June 2013 Slide 5: Explanans and Explananda Example ● Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deduktiv-nomologisches_Modell ● Author: Wikipedia ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ● Date: 2013-06-05 Slide 6: Quote Networks ● Schulz-Schaeffer, I. (2000). Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie. Zur Koevolution von Gesellschaft, Natur und Technik. In Weyer, Johannes (Ed.), Soziale Netzwerke. Konzepte und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Netzwerkforschung. (pp. 187- 211). München u.a.: Oldenbourg. Retrieved from http://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/soziologie/akteurnetzwerktheorie.pdf Slide 8: Image Cats ● Source: http://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Three_jolly_kittens.png ● License: Public Domain Slide 9: Quote Bruno Latour ● Latour 1996a: 68 Slide 11: Photo KF University Graz Library ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graz_University-Library_reading-room.jpg ● Author: Dr. Marcus Gossler ● License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Slide 13: Photo Cats ● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4_Kittens.jpg ● Author: oxyman ● License: CC BY 2.0 Generic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en