2. INSTRUCTIONS
• Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so.
The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet.
• Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move
to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a
click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes.
• You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear
when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen.
• Some slides have embedded movies which will start when you click on the
image. The video camera symbol tells you when a movie is available. There is
sound so you may want to wear headphones if people are working near you.
ClickBiology • You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon.
• At the end of the module there is a test that will provide a results page which you
will print off and hand in to your teacher.
• The speaker symbol means that there are some audio explanation available for
the slide
ClickBiology
3. Plant Reproduction Home Page
1 4
Flower structure Seed dispersal
2 5
Pollination Germination
3 6
Fruit development Test
ClickBiology
4. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
5. Click image to view a video on plant reproduction
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
6. Use the diagram below to complete the labels on
the flower structure worksheet
stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
receptacle
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
7. Complete the functions table by clicking on the
labels to discover their functions
stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
receptacle
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
8. Flower Structure Quiz
Click the correct answer
• What is the name of the structure labelled X in the
diagram?
carpel
sepal
X
stamen
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
9. Flower Structure Quiz
• Where is pollen made?
stigma
sepal
anther
ovary
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
10. Flower Structure Quiz
• Where is the ovule found in a flower?
petals
style
nectary
ovary
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
11. Flower Structure Quiz
• Which parts of the flower are labelled below:
X
X = style, Y = stigma
X = filament, Y = anther
Y
X = stigma, Y = style
X = anther, Y = filament
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
12. Pollination
The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
13. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther
to the stigma Click to view the animation
• This is an example of cross-pollination as the
pollen travels from one flower to a different flower.
This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
14. Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects
or by wind
• Use the information in the next two slides to
complete the table comparing the adaptations of
wind and insect pollinated flowers.
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
15. Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract
insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has
barbs for
nectar and a hooking onto
scent present insect fur
Anthers positioned
to rub pollen onto
insects
Sticky stigma
to collect pollen Brightly
coloured petals
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
16. Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure
because they do not have to attract insects to
them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Pollen grains are very Anthers are exposed to the
small and light. They wind so that pollen can
occur in very large easily be blown away
numbers
Stigma are
feathery to catch
pollen carried on
wind
Petals are small and
green as there is no
No scent or nectary
need to attract
insects
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
17. Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the
anther onto the stigma of the same flower
• Click to show
animation of self-
pollination
• Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces variation
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
18. Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either
having stigma above stamen or…
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
19. …by having stamen and stigma mature at different
times.
• Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self-
pollination and cross-pollination. Explain the mechanisms
employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
20. Click on the icons below to view the
summary videos on pollination
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste
Pollination (9 minutes) this url into a new browser window and you can
watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ3J4UWwd2Q
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste
this url into a new browser window and you can
Insect pollination (1 minute) watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
21. Pollination Quiz
Click the correct answer
• Pollination is the transfer from….?
the stigma to anther
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
22. Pollination Quiz
• The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Wind and water
Insect and wind
Insect and water
Wind and birds
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
23. Pollination Quiz
• Cross-pollination…
Increases variation
Decreases variation
Is only performed by insects
Is only performed by wind
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
24. Pollination Quiz
• Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by…
Having bright petals and a scent
Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas
Having sticky stigmas
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
25. Fertilisation and Fruit Development
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
26. Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the
pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
carpel
ovary
Click to view the
ovule animation
Note: Petals not shown in
order to simplify diagram
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
27. Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete
fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)
Click to view the Complete the
animation fertilisation
section of the
worksheet
(you will need to
refer to your text
book)
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
28. Watch this short introductory video to review
fertilisation (1 minute)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser
window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE
ClickBiology
29. Seed Dispersal
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
30. Watch the video on seed dispersal
(lasts just under 10 minutes)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM
ClickBiology
31. After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.
The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside
develops into an embryo plant.
Cotyledon:
Testa: Food store
tough seed coat
Plumule:
Micropyle: Embryo shoot
Hole made by Embryo
pollen tube plant
Radicle:
Embryo root
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
32. Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes
dormant because metabolic reactions stop.
The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall
seed of the ovary
(yes, you are
eating an
adapted ovary
when you
crunch into an
apple!
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
33. Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent
plant in order to reduce competition for space,
light, nutrients and water.
• Seeds can be dispersed by:
• Wind
• Water
• Mechanical
• Animals
Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms
for seed dispersal
ClickBiology
34. Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture
water
mechanical
wind
animal
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
35. Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture
mechanical
animal
water
wind
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
36. Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture
water
wind
animal
mechanical
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
37. Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture
animal
mechanical
water
wind
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
38. Germination
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
39. The seed contains the embryo plant and
cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa Water enters the seed
through the micropyle
and activates enzymes.
Plumule
(embryo shoot)
The water also softens
the testa to allow it to
split.
Radicle
(embryo root) Label the diagram
of the seed
Micropyle Cotyledon
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
40. Enzymes are used in seed germination
Plumule
The enzymes break
starch down into
starch maltose and then
glucose. The glucose
is used in respiration
amylase
to provide energy for
secreted
embryo plant growth
ab
so
rbe
d maltose
Radicle
This is the first part
to grow out of the
seed as it needs to
absorb more water
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
41. Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in
the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
light The seedling can now
photosynthesise and
make its own food
germination
Plant growth and development
soil
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
42. Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:
Answer the Click to
Seed loses weight as it uses listen to an
question on the
up starch stores in the explanation
worksheet
cotyledons as the seedling
cannot photosynthesise yet
Dry mass/g
Weight increases as
the seedling can
photosynthesise and
Dry mass is the plant grows
mass of solid
matter with all
water removed
Days
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
43. Conditions required for germination
Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below:
Click to
listen to an Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)
No light
explanation
Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen
present present present present
No
oxygen
moist dry moist moist moist
4oC Warm Warm Warm Warm
A B C D E
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination